{"id":183032,"date":"2026-08-17T16:53:34","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T14:53:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-7-2"},"modified":"2026-08-17T16:53:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T14:53:38","slug":"linux-kernel-7-2-release","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/linux-kernel-7-2-release","title":{"rendered":"Uvo\u013enenie jadra Linux 7.2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvoch mesiacoch v\u00fdvoja predstavil Linus Torvalds vydanie jadra Linux 7.2. Medzi najv\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00edmi zmenami s\u00fa: mechanizmus prenosu d\u00e1t USB4STREAM, optimaliz\u00e1cie v\u00fdkonu btrfs, xfs a ext4, pokra\u010dovanie v odstra\u0148ovan\u00ed k\u00f3du na podporu CPU i486, mo\u017enos\u0165 vytv\u00e1rania vnoren\u00fdch pl\u00e1nova\u010dov SCHED_EXT, zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 spotreba pam\u00e4te v subsyst\u00e9me swapovania, zr\u00fdchlen\u00e9 neomenovan\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly, podpora roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed Intel MBEC a AMD GMET v KVM, odstr\u00e1nenie protokolu AppleTalk, po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e1 podpora HDMI 2.1 FRL v ovl\u00e1da\u010di AMDGPU.      <\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00e9 novinky v jadre 7.2 (1, 2, 3):  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, I\/O a s\u00faborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V mechanizme iomap bol odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd nadbyto\u010dn\u00fd volan\u00ed funkcie memset pre u\u017e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 iter\u00e1cie v funkcii iomap_iter(), \u010do pri vysokej intenzite vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu na r\u00fdchlych \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1ch NVMe zv\u00fd\u0161ilo v vykonan\u00fdch testoch po\u010det oper\u00e1ci\u00ed vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu za sekundu (IOPS) o 5% pri pou\u017eit\u00ed FS ext4 a xfs.\n<li class=\"l\"> V XFS bola vyhl\u00e1sen\u00e1 stabiln\u00e1 podpora z\u00f3novan\u00fdch \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed (rozdelenie na z\u00f3ny skup\u00edn blokov alebo sektorov, do ktor\u00fdch je povolen\u00e9 iba sekven\u010dn\u00e9 prid\u00e1vanie d\u00e1t s aktualiz\u00e1ciou celej skupiny blokov).\n<li class=\"l\"> V Btrfs je predvolene aktivovan\u00e1 podpora ve\u013ek\u00fdch str\u00e1n pam\u00e4te (large folios), ktor\u00e1 zni\u017euje n\u00e1klady a zvy\u0161uje v\u00fdkon pri intenz\u00edvnom sekven\u010dnom I\/O. Pridan\u00e1 experiment\u00e1lna podpora obrovsk\u00fdch str\u00e1n (&#171;huge folios&#187;) s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou a\u017e 2 MB. Pridan\u00e9 nov\u00e9 ioctl GET_CSUMS na z\u00edskanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o kontroln\u00fdch s\u00fa\u010dtoch v pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore, napr\u00edklad pre n\u00e1stroj mkfs a optimaliz\u00e1ciu deduplik\u00e1cie. Zlep\u0161en\u00fd v\u00fdkon sekven\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu \u00fadajov o 15 % a priameho I\/O o 59%.\n<li class=\"l\"> V s\u00faborovom syst\u00e9me Ext4 bola podstatne prepracovan\u00e1 implement\u00e1cia mechanizmu &#171;fast commit&#187; na vyl\u00fa\u010denie vzniku konkurentn\u00fdch a vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch blok\u00e1d. Pridan\u00fd export \u0161tatistiky o snapshotoch inode cez \/proc\/fs\/ext4\/*\/fc_info. Optimalizovan\u00fd v\u00fdkon v\u00fdpo\u010dtu hashov adres\u00e1rov (pre men\u00e1 ve\u013ekosti 255 znakov zr\u00fdchlenie skoro dvojn\u00e1sobne, 64 znakov 27 %, 32 znakov \u2014 11 %).\n<li class=\"l\"> Vo F2FS bola pridan\u00e1 podpora vr\u00e1tenia ch\u00fdb fserror, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa z pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho priestoru sledova\u0165 probl\u00e9my s FS. Skr\u00e1ten\u00fd \u010das str\u00e1ven\u00fd v kontexte spracovania preru\u0161enia.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do Device Mapper (DM) bol pridan\u00fd nov\u00fd spracovate\u013e dm-inlinecrypt na zabezpe\u010denie transparentn\u00e9ho \u0161ifrovania a de\u0161ifrovania blokov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed pomocou hardv\u00e9rov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed s mo\u017enos\u0165ou inline-\u0161ifrovania.\n<li class=\"l\">N\u00e1vrh dokument\u00e1cie na pridanie nov\u00fdch s\u00faborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov do jadra bol navrhnut\u00fd.\n<li class=\"l\"> V NFS bol predvolen\u00fd ve\u013ekos\u0165 bloku zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd na 4 MB na syst\u00e9moch s minim\u00e1lne 16 GB RAM (na ru\u010dn\u00e9 nastavenie ve\u013ekosti bloku mo\u017eno pou\u017ei\u0165 \/proc\/fs\/nfsd\/max_block_size). Pridan\u00e1 podpora delegovania spr\u00e1vy adres\u00e1rov klientovi (directory delegation), \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010das vykon\u00e1va\u0165 oper\u00e1cie s dan\u00fdm adres\u00e1rom bez overovania zmeny stavu. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/server\/dts-newyork\/\"   title=\"serveri\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">serveri<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> Na serveri SMB bola pridan\u00e1 podpora s\u00faborov ulo\u017een\u00fdch v komprimovanej forme, ako aj kompresia \u00fadajov pri ich prenosu po sieti.\n<li class=\"l\"> V novej implement\u00e1cii NTFS (ntfsplus) bola pridan\u00e1 podpora symbolick\u00fdch odkazov Windows a zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 spr\u00e1vne spracovanie mnoh\u00fdch typov po\u0161koden\u00ed metad\u00e1t.\n<li class=\"l\"> Backend fscache pre vyrovn\u00e1vaciu pam\u00e4\u0165 \u00fadajov FS EROFS (Enhanced Read-Only File System), ktor\u00fd bol pred dvoma rokmi vyhl\u00e1sen\u00fd za zastaran\u00fd, bol odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd.\n<li class=\"l\"> V FS Ceph bola pridan\u00e1 podpora manu\u00e1lneho resetovania klientsk\u00fdch rel\u00e1ci\u00ed.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu 9P boli pridan\u00e9 optimaliz\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 ur\u00fdchlili pr\u00e1cu v scen\u00e1roch ako je zostavovanie projektov.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho volania file_getattr() boli pridan\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky na z\u00edskanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o zoh\u013eadnen\u00ed ve\u013ekosti p\u00edsmen v s\u00faborovom syst\u00e9me. Pr\u00edznak FS_XFLAG_CASEFOLD nazna\u010duje, \u017ee overovanie n\u00e1zvov s\u00faborov sa vykon\u00e1va bez zoh\u013eadnenia ve\u013ekosti p\u00edsmen, a pr\u00edznak FS_XFLAG_CASENONPRESERVING hovor\u00ed o tom, \u017ee pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed nov\u00fdch n\u00e1zvov s\u00faborov nie je zachovan\u00e1 inform\u00e1cia o ve\u013ekosti p\u00edsmen. Uveden\u00e9 pr\u00edznaky je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 v NFS-klientoch, ktor\u00e9 pracuj\u00fa bez zoh\u013eadnenia ve\u013ekosti p\u00edsmen.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho volania openat2() bol pridan\u00fd pr\u00edznak O_EMPTYPATH, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje odovzd\u00e1vanie pr\u00e1zdnej cesty k s\u00faboru. V tomto pr\u00edpade je cesta k otv\u00e1ran\u00e9mu s\u00faboru ur\u010den\u00e1 na z\u00e1klade odovzdan\u00e9ho s\u00faborov\u00e9ho descriptoru.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho volania openat2() bol pridan\u00fd pr\u00edznak OPENAT2_REGULAR, ktor\u00fd povo\u013euje otv\u00e1ranie iba be\u017en\u00fdch s\u00faborov (pri pokuse o otvorenie \u0161peci\u00e1lneho s\u00faboru, ako je z\u00e1suvka, kan\u00e1l alebo zariadenie, bude vr\u00e1ten\u00e1 chyba EFTYPE).              <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"><b>Pam\u00e4\u0165 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol implementovan\u00fd mechanizmus USB4STREAM na prenos \u00fadajov medzi po\u010d\u00edta\u010dmi pripojen\u00fdmi k\u00e1blom cez porty USB4. Prid\u00e1va sa zariadenie \/dev\/tbstreamX, pomocou ktor\u00e9ho je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u010d\u00edta\u0165 a zapisova\u0165 \u00fadaje, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fac \u0161tandardn\u00e9 funkcie read() a write(), podobne ako pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed a zapisovan\u00ed s\u00faborov. Napr\u00edklad na jednom hostite\u013eovi je mo\u017en\u00e9 odosla\u0165 inform\u00e1cie pr\u00edkazom &#171;echo hello &gt; \/dev\/tbstream0&#187;, a na inom ich pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 pr\u00edkazom &#171;cat \/dev\/tbstream0&#187;. Mechanizmus USB4STREAM mo\u017eno kombinova\u0165 s mo\u017enos\u0165ou nastavenia sie\u0165ov\u00e9ho spojenia k\u00e1blom USB4 (thunderbolt_net) alebo sa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 samostatne pri potrebe prenosu \u00fadajov medzi aplik\u00e1ciami, ktor\u00e9 nepodporuj\u00fa sie\u0165ov\u00e9 z\u00e1suvky.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola zahrnut\u00e1 druh\u00e1 s\u00e9ria zmien na ukon\u010denie podpory procesorov i486. Bolo odstr\u00e1nen\u00fdch viac ako 13 riadkov k\u00f3du spojen\u00e9ho s emul\u00e1ciou bloku pre v\u00fdpo\u010dty s pohyblivou desatinnou \u010diarkou pre procesory bez FPU. Odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1 podpora procesorov i486 bez hardv\u00e9rovej oper\u00e1cie CX8 (porovna\u0165 a vymeni\u0165 8 bajtov) a TSC (po\u010d\u00edtadlo cyklov CPU, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v pl\u00e1nova\u010di \u00faloh), k\u00f3d pre emul\u00e1ciu ktor\u00fdch bol odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola ozn\u00e1men\u00e1 podpora procesorov AMD Geode, ktor\u00e1 zostala bez podpory (orphaned), pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v po\u010d\u00edta\u010di OLPC XO-1.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola pridan\u00e1 podpora aktualiz\u00e1cie implement\u00e1cie mechanizmu Intel TDX (Trusted Domain Extensions), pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho na \u0161ifrovanie opera\u010dnej pam\u00e4te hostite\u013esk\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov. TDX je implementovan\u00fd vo forme \u0161peci\u00e1lneho programov\u00e9ho runtime modulu, ktor\u00fd je pri sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00ed pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00fd BIOSom z Flash pam\u00e4te do opera\u010dnej pam\u00e4te. Do jadra boli pridan\u00e9 mo\u017enosti na spr\u00e1vu tohto modulu a jeho v\u00fdmenu za nov\u0161iu verziu na funguj\u00facom syst\u00e9me bez potreby re\u0161tartovania.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol spusten\u00fd nov\u00fd pl\u00e1nova\u010d pride\u013eovania GPU zdrojov (Fair GPU scheduler), ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva na ur\u010denie poradia vykon\u00e1vania \u00faloh na GPU, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zasielan\u00e9 procesmi vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00facimi GPU. Namiesto pou\u017e\u00edvania tradi\u010dnej FIDO-\u010dakacej rady po\u017eiadaviek na GPU nov\u00fd pl\u00e1nova\u010d vyu\u017e\u00edva mechanizmy spravodliv\u00e9ho rozde\u013eovania zdrojov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa implementovan\u00e9 s prihliadnut\u00edm na pl\u00e1nova\u010d \u00faloh CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler), ktor\u00fd aplikuje pl\u00e1n sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania s \u010dasom prechodu k vykonaniu nasleduj\u00faceho procesu. Najv\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00ed efekt pou\u017e\u00edvania nov\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nova\u010da sa pozoruje pri paralelnom vykon\u00e1van\u00ed interakt\u00edvnych \u00faloh, ktor\u00e9 akt\u00edvne pracuj\u00fa s GPU. V poslednej chv\u00edli pred uvo\u013enen\u00edm jadra 7.2 bolo zapnutie Fair GPU scheduler zru\u0161en\u00e9 a bol vr\u00e1ten\u00fd star\u00fd FIFO-pl\u00e1nova\u010d kv\u00f4li potrebe odladenia regresie, ktor\u00e1 viedla k zn\u00ed\u017eeniu v\u00fdkonu a 100% z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ei GPU pri sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch hier v Protone.\n<li class=\"l\"> Zmeny v subsyst\u00e9me eBPF: Pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pripoji\u0165 jeden BPF program k viacer\u00fdm bodom sledovania (tracepoint). Do BPF programov pripojen\u00fdch k bodom sledovania bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pr\u00edstupu k pam\u00e4ti komponentov p\u00f4sobiacich v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore, so spr\u00e1vnou obsluhou pr\u00edstupu k nealokovan\u00fdm str\u00e1nkam pam\u00e4te (page fault). Do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho volania bpf() bola pridan\u00e1 podpora typov\u00fdch atrib\u00fatov (log_buf, log_size, log_level a log_true_size), ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje unifikovane pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 metad\u00e1ta vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch pr\u00edkazoch BPF, bez obmedzenia na pr\u00edkazy BPF_PROG_LOAD, BPF_BTF_LOAD a BPF_MAP_CREATE. Odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9 bolo obmedzenie na prenos nie viac ako 5 parametrov vo funkcii BPF. Pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 bezpe\u010dn\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu k zdie\u013eanej pam\u00e4ti bpf_arena bez ob\u00e1v z pr\u00edstupu k nealokovan\u00fdm str\u00e1nkam pam\u00e4te (page fault). Implementovan\u00e1 bola nov\u00e1 verzia \u0161trukt\u00fary BPF hash map, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje dynamick\u00fa zmenu ve\u013ekosti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Optimalizovan\u00e1 forma v\u00fdstupu &#171;\/proc\/interrupts&#187; so \u0161tatistikou preru\u0161enia, ako aj modernizovan\u00e9 \u0161trukt\u00fary na uchov\u00e1vanie \u010d\u00edta\u010dov preru\u0161enia a pridan\u00e9 cacheovanie.\n<li class=\"l\"> Zr\u00fdchlen\u00e1 gener\u00e1cia s\u00faboru &#171;\/proc\/filesystems&#187;, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva v libselinux.\n<li class=\"l\"> V pl\u00e1nova\u010di \u00faloh bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora vyva\u017eovania za\u0165a\u017eenia medzi jadrami CPU, zoh\u013ead\u0148uj\u00faca stavy vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch cache procesora. Pl\u00e1nova\u010d sa teraz sna\u017e\u00ed skupinova\u0165 procesy, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa spolo\u010dn\u00e9 zdroje, ako s\u00fa vl\u00e1kna jedn\u00e9ho procesu, pre ich vyu\u017eitie v kontexte tej istej vyrovn\u00e1vacej pam\u00e4te, \u010do zvy\u0161uje efektivitu pri pr\u00edstupe k \u00fadajom v\u010faka zv\u00fd\u0161enej pravdepodobnosti n\u00e1jdenia potrebn\u00fdch \u00fadajov v cache.\n<li class=\"l\"> V mechanizme SCHED_EXT, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017ei\u0165 BPF na vytv\u00e1ranie pl\u00e1nova\u010dov CPU, pokra\u010duje realiz\u00e1cia mo\u017enosti vytv\u00e1rania vnoren\u00fdch pl\u00e1nova\u010dov (sub-pl\u00e1nova\u010dov), pomocou ktor\u00fdch m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00fd cgroup vlastn\u00fd pl\u00e1nova\u010d \u00faloh.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje pren\u00e1\u0161anie zmien z vetvy Rust-for-Linux, t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa pou\u017eitia jazyka Rust ako druh\u00e9ho jazyka na v\u00fdvoj ovl\u00e1da\u010dov a modulov jadra (podpora Rust nie je predvolene aktivovan\u00e1 a nevedie k zaradeniu Rust medzi povinn\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti na zostavenie jadra). Mo\u017enos\u0165 vyu\u017eitia Rust v jadre bola implementovan\u00e1 pre architekt\u00faru s390. S\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou je bal\u00edk \u201ezerocopy\u201c s r\u00fdchlymi primit\u00edvami pre pr\u00e1cu s pam\u00e4\u0165ou v re\u017eime \u201eunsafe\u201c.\n<li class=\"l\"> Minim\u00e1lna verzia n\u00e1strojov LLVM, potrebn\u00e1 na zostavenie jadra, bola zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 na 17.0.1.\n<li class=\"l\"> V minimalistickej C kni\u017enici nolibc, dod\u00e1vanej so zdrojov\u00fdmi textami jadra Linux a poskytuj\u00facej obal nad z\u00e1kladn\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mov\u00fdmi volaniami, bola implementovan\u00e1 podpora architekt\u00far OpenRISC a 32-bit PA-RISC.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9mu swapu boli pridan\u00e9 optimaliz\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 zvy\u0161uj\u00fa v\u00fdkon a zni\u017euj\u00fa spotrebu pam\u00e4te v samotnom subsyst\u00e9me odstr\u00e1nen\u00edm re\u017eijn\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov pri ukladan\u00ed statick\u00fdch metad\u00e1t a unifikovan\u00edm pr\u00e1ce s anonymnou a zdie\u013eanou pam\u00e4\u0165ou pri pou\u017eit\u00ed f\u00f3li\u00ed. Zn\u00ed\u017eenie spotreby pam\u00e4te je dos\u0165 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9, napr\u00edklad pri pripojen\u00ed swapov\u00e9ho part\u00edcie s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou 1 TB sa pozoruje zn\u00ed\u017eenie spotreby pam\u00e4te pribli\u017ene o 512 MB.\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 efektivita mechanizmu odstra\u0148ovania pam\u00e4te, ktor\u00fd odstra\u0148uje alebo pres\u00fava do swapu oblasti pam\u00e4te na uvo\u013enenie pam\u00e4te pri jej nedostatku v syst\u00e9me. Pri niektor\u00fdch typoch za\u0165a\u017eenia, napr\u00edklad pri teste MongoDB pomocou YCSB (Yahoo! Cloud Serving Benchmark), sa pozoruje n\u00e1rast v\u00fdkonu a\u017e o 30%.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do zostavovacieho syst\u00e9mu bola pridan\u00e1 pr\u00edkaz \u201emake sbom\u201c na generovanie zoznamov SBOM (Software Bill Of Materials), ktor\u00e9 odr\u00e1\u017eaj\u00fa komponenty, kni\u017enice a z\u00e1vislosti zapojen\u00e9 v aktu\u00e1lnej zostave jadra, ako aj inform\u00e1cie o ich licenci\u00e1ch z\u00edskan\u00e9 z hlavi\u010diek SPDX v s\u00faboroch s k\u00f3dom.\n<li class=\"l\"> V implementaci anonymn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f (pipe) byla optimalizov\u00e1na pr\u00e1ce s blokacemi (operace alokace pam\u011bti byly p\u0159esunuty mimo oblast blokace), co\u017e zlep\u0161ilo propustnost anonymn\u00edch kan\u00e1l\u016f o 21-48 % a sn\u00ed\u017eilo latenci o 17-33 %.                    <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"><b>Virtualiz\u00e1cia a bezpe\u010dnos\u0165<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do mechanismu pro spr\u00e1vu pam\u011bti slab (slab allocator) byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost vyu\u017eit\u00ed token\u016f alokace pam\u011bti (Allocation Token), realizovan\u00fdch v kompil\u00e1toru Clang 22. Tokeny umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed ozna\u010dit unik\u00e1tn\u00edmi identifik\u00e1tory operace alokace pam\u011bti a organizovat odd\u011blen\u00e9 um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f objekt\u016f k zt\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed zranitelnost\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch p\u0159ete\u010den\u00edm bufferu (p\u0159i odd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed tak snadn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed bufferu v jednom typu objekt\u016f k po\u0161kozen\u00ed jin\u00fdch typ\u016f objekt\u016f).\n<li class=\"l\"> Mechanismus AF_ALG, zneu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd v zranitelnosti Copy Fail pro modifikaci dat v str\u00e1nkov\u00e9m cache, byl prohl\u00e1\u0161en za zastaral\u00fd a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1no jeho odstran\u011bn\u00ed v n\u011bkter\u00e9m z budouc\u00edch vyd\u00e1n\u00ed. AF_ALG umo\u017e\u0148uje vyu\u017eit\u00ed hardwarov\u00fdch akceler\u00e1tor\u016f pro kryptografick\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty v Crypto API j\u00e1dra, ale pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v pom\u011brn\u011b specifick\u00fdch situac\u00edch. V j\u00e1d\u0159e 7.2 byla v AF_ALG odstran\u011bna podpora pro asynchronn\u00ed vstup\/v\u00fdstup, star\u00e9 ovlada\u010de a mechanismus zero-copy v implementaci skcipher a aead. Z\u016fstaly pouze softwarov\u00e9 implementace kryptografick\u00fdch algoritm\u016f a podpora hardwarov\u00fdch kryptoaakceler\u00e1tor\u016f v crypto API j\u00e1dra byla odstran\u011bna, proto\u017ee AF_ALG v\u00fdrazn\u011b roz\u0161i\u0159uje \u00fato\u010dnou plochu, ale nenab\u00edz\u00ed v\u00fdhodu v v\u00fdkonu ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s implementac\u00ed kryptografie v u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9m prostoru. AF_ALG byl pou\u017eit v n\u00e1stroj\u00edch Cryptsetup, ale jeho podpora byla odstran\u011bna v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9m vyd\u00e1n\u00ed 2.8.7.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do mechanismu IMA (Integrity Measurement Architecture), kter\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje extern\u00ed slu\u017eb\u011b ov\u011b\u0159it stav subsyst\u00e9mu j\u00e1dra, aby se ujistila o jejich pravosti, byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora pro export intern\u00edch tabulek s v\u00fdsledky m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed do u\u017eivatelsk\u00e9ho prostoru s odstran\u011bn\u00edm z jadern\u00fdch buffer\u016f pro \u00fasporu pam\u011bti.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do modulu Landlock, ktor\u00fd poskytuje neprivilegovan\u00fdm programom prostriedky na obmedzenie pou\u017e\u00edvania objektov jadra Linux (hierarchia s\u00faborov, sie\u0165ov\u00e9 z\u00e1suvky, ioctl a pod.), bola pridan\u00e1 podpora spr\u00e1vy pr\u00edstupu k UDP z\u00e1suvk\u00e1m, ako aj mo\u017enos\u0165 selekt\u00edvneho vypnutia v\u00fdstupu do logu inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o blokovan\u00ed objektov na zabr\u00e1nenie zaplaveniu logu nepodstatn\u00fdmi inform\u00e1ciami.\n<li class=\"l\"> Jadro sa zbavilo pou\u017e\u00edvania funkcie strncpy(), ktor\u00e1 kop\u00edruje zadan\u00e9 mno\u017estvo bajtov z vstupn\u00e9ho re\u0165azca. Pou\u017eitie strncpy() vytv\u00e1ralo riziko vzniku ch\u00fdb kv\u00f4li prehliadnutiu nulov\u00e9ho znaku na konci re\u0165azca alebo prid\u00e1vania vyplnenia nulami. Namiesto strncpy() sa odpor\u00fa\u010da pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 funkcie strscpy() a strscpy_pad() na kop\u00edrovanie re\u0165azcov kon\u010diacich nulov\u00fdm znakom, ako aj strtomem_pad(), memcpy_and_pad() a memcpy() na kop\u00edrovanie re\u0165azcov zn\u00e1mej pevnej ve\u013ekosti. Pr\u00e1ca na zbaven\u00ed sa pou\u017eitia strncpy() v jadre bola za\u010dat\u00e1 v roku 2020 a vy\u017eadovala prijatie 362 zmien od 70 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov.\n<li class=\"l\"> V hypervizoru <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"KVM\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">KVM<\/a> bola pridan\u00e1 podpora roz\u0161\u00edren\u00ed Intel MBEC (Mode-Based Execution Control) a AMD GMET (Guest-Mode Execution Trap), ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa v tabu\u013ek\u00e1ch prekladu pam\u00e4te samostatne spracov\u00e1va\u0165 pr\u00e1va na vykon\u00e1vanie k\u00f3du pre jadro a pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fd priestor v hos\u0165ovsk\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch. Predt\u00fdm roz\u0161\u00edrenia hardv\u00e9rovej virtualiz\u00e1cie Intel a AMD umo\u017enili ozna\u010di\u0165 str\u00e1nky pam\u00e4te ako dostupn\u00e9 na vykon\u00e1vanie iba jedn\u00fdm bitom s programov\u00fdm delen\u00edm pr\u00e1v pre jadro a pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fd priestor na \u00farovni hyperv\u00edzora. Pou\u017eitie MBEC a GMET umo\u017e\u0148uje vyl\u00fa\u010di\u0165 kontroly opr\u00e1vnen\u00ed na strane hyperv\u00edzora a v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 intenzitu zdrojo\u017erav\u00e9ho odovzd\u00e1vania riadenia z hos\u0165ovskej syst\u00e9m na hyperv\u00edzor VMexit.                                     <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"><b>Sie\u0165ov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Implement\u00e1cia roz\u0161\u00edrenia TCP-AO (TCP Authentication Option, RFC 5925) bola preveden\u00e1 na pou\u017e\u00edvanie novej kryptografickej kni\u017enice libcrypto, \u010do umo\u017enilo zjednodu\u0161i\u0165 k\u00f3d a zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 efektivitu pr\u00e1ce. TCP-AO umo\u017e\u0148uje overi\u0165 TCP hlavi\u010dky pod\u013ea MAC k\u00f3dov (Message Authentication Code), s pou\u017eit\u00edm modernej\u0161\u00edch algoritmov HMAC-SHA-1-96 a AES-128-CMAC-96 namiesto predt\u00fdm dostupnej mo\u017enosti TCP-MD5 zalo\u017eenej na zastaranom algoritme MD5.\n<li class=\"l\"> Po\u010det subvl\u00e1kien podporovan\u00fdch pre spojenia Multipath TCP (MPTCP) bol zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd z 8 na 64.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010dovala pr\u00e1ca na zn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvania glob\u00e1lnej z\u00e1mky rtnl_lock v sie\u0165ovom z\u00e1sobn\u00edku jadra.\n<li class=\"l\"> Z jadra bola odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1 implement\u00e1cia protokolov\u00e9ho z\u00e1sobn\u00edka AppleTalk, ktor\u00e1 sa pou\u017e\u00edvala v po\u010d\u00edta\u010doch Apple od roku 1985 a v 90. rokoch bola nahraden\u00e1 protokolom TCP\/IP. Okrem toho boli odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9 komponenty technol\u00f3gie prenosu d\u00e1t ATM, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 s PPPoATM, ako aj sie\u0165ov\u00e9 rozhrania ARCnet na b\u00e1ze zbern\u00edc ISA a PCMCIA, Bluetooth adapt\u00e9ry s rozhran\u00edm PCMCIA, akceler\u00e1tory TLS Chelsea, k\u00f3d na integr\u00e1ciu TLS s sockmap a podpora frekven\u010dn\u00fdch p\u00e1siem 5\/10 MHz v bezdr\u00f4tovom z\u00e1sobn\u00edku cfg80211\/mac80211. V d\u00f4sledku nerie\u0161ite\u013en\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov s blokovan\u00edm a absenciou sprievodn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu bola odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1 \u0161pecifick\u00e1 implement\u00e1cia zr\u00fdchlenia spracovania TLS na b\u00e1ze TCP Offload Engine (viac roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e1 implement\u00e1cia TLS offload zost\u00e1va zachovan\u00e1). K\u00f3d kompatibility s 32-bitov\u00fdmi x_tables na 64-bitov\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch bol deaktivovan\u00fd a napl\u00e1novan\u00fd na odstr\u00e1nenie.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovl\u00e1da\u010da pppoe bola pridan\u00e1 podpora mechanizmov GRO (Generic Receive Offload) a GSO (Generic Segmentation Offload) na hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9 ur\u00fdchlenie znovuzostavenia a segment\u00e1cie paketov. Pou\u017e\u00edvanie GRO a GSO v\u00fdrazne zvy\u0161uje priepustnos\u0165 pre prich\u00e1dzaj\u00facu dopravu, napr\u00edklad na zariadeniach MediaTek MT7621 v konfigur\u00e1cii s prekladom adries sa maxim\u00e1lna priepustnos\u0165 zv\u00fd\u0161ila z 130 Mbit\/s na 630 Mbit\/s.          <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"><b>Zariadenie<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di AMDGPU bola pridan\u00e1 po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e1 podpora technol\u00f3gie HDMI 2.1 FRL (Fixed Rate Link), ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 nekomprimovan\u00e9 video v kvalite 4K\/120Hz a 8K\/60Hz. Predt\u00fdm sa podporu HDMI 2.1 dlho nepodarilo implementova\u0165 v otvoren\u00fdch ovl\u00e1da\u010doch z d\u00f4vodu licen\u010dn\u00fdch po\u017eiadaviek HDMI Forum, ale teraz sa spolo\u010dnosti AMD podarilo dohodn\u00fa\u0165 tak\u00fato realiz\u00e1ciu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovl\u00e1da\u010da i915 bola pridan\u00e1 podpora nastavenia pozadia farby displeja hardv\u00e9rov\u00fdm ovl\u00e1da\u010dom. Bolo implementovan\u00e9 nastavenie pin_params.needs_low_address.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010duje pr\u00e1ca na drm ovl\u00e1da\u010di (Direct Rendering Manager) Xe pre GPU na b\u00e1ze architekt\u00fary Intel Xe, ktor\u00e1 sa pou\u017e\u00edva na grafick\u00fdch kart\u00e1ch Intel rodiny Arc a integrovan\u00fdch grafik\u00e1ch od procesorov Tiger Lake. Bolo pridan\u00e9 po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 podporu platformy CRI (Crescent Island). Pre dGPU platformy Xe3p bol realizovan\u00fd syst\u00e9mov\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d.\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di Nouveau boli vyrie\u0161en\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s GPU NVIDIA GA100.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovl\u00e1da\u010da v3d bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 riadenia spotreby energie GPU v3D na dosk\u00e1ch Raspberry Pi.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010dovala integr\u00e1cia komponentov ovl\u00e1da\u010da Nova pre GPU NVIDIA s GSP firmv\u00e9rom pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdm od s\u00e9rie NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2000 zalo\u017eenej na mikroarchitekt\u00fare Turing. Ovl\u00e1da\u010d je nap\u00edsan\u00fd v jazyku Rust. Pridan\u00e1 podpora pre GPU NVIDIA GA100 a s\u00e9rie Hopper a Blackwell.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora pre ARM platformy, SoC a zariadenia: Apple t8122 (M3), Motorola Edge 30, Nothing Phone 3a, Google Pixel 3a XL, Qualcomm Dragonwing IPQ9650, Huawei Hawi, ZTE zx297520v3, Renesas R-Car M3Le, ASPEED AST27xx, Cortina Gemini, NXP i.MX6\/8\/9, NXP LX2160A, TI K3 AM62x.              <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 latinskoamerick\u00fd Fond slobodn\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru vytvoril variant \u00faplne slobodn\u00e9ho jadra 7.2 \u2014 Linux-libre 7.2-gnu, vy\u010disten\u00e9ho od prvkov firmv\u00e9ru a ovl\u00e1da\u010dov, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa neslobodn\u00e9 komponenty alebo \u010dasti k\u00f3du, ktor\u00fdch pou\u017eitie je obmedzen\u00e9 v\u00fdrobcom. V vydan\u00ed 7.2 prebehla \u010distka od blobov nov\u00fdch ovl\u00e1da\u010dov rt722-sdca a tac5xx2. Bol aktualizovan\u00fd k\u00f3d \u010distenia v ovl\u00e1da\u010doch amdgpu, nova core, qcom iris, q6v5, iwlwifi, amdxnda, adreno, r8152 a mt792x. Prebehla \u00faprava rozhran\u00ed na na\u010d\u00edtanie firmv\u00e9ru. Bolo vykonan\u00e9 \u010distenie mien blob-ov v dts-s\u00faboroch (devicetree) pre ARM \u010dipy.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=65937\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 7.2. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 USB4STREAM, \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 btrfs, xfs \u0438 ext4, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 CPU i486, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 SCHED_EXT, \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0432 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