{"id":183105,"date":"2026-08-25T16:54:38","date_gmt":"2026-08-25T14:54:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/news\/yadru-linux-ispolnilos-35-let"},"modified":"2026-08-25T16:54:40","modified_gmt":"2026-08-25T14:54:40","slug":"linux-kernel-turns-35","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/linux-kernel-turns-35","title":{"rendered":"Jadro Linuxu oslavuje 35 rokov","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>25. augusta 1991 po piatich mesiacoch v\u00fdvoja 21-ro\u010dn\u00fd \u0161tudent Linus Torvalds ozn\u00e1mil v telekonferencii comp.os.minix vytvorenie pracovn\u00e9ho prototypu novej opera\u010dnej syst\u00e9mu Linux, pre ktor\u00fd bola ozn\u00e1men\u00e1 dokon\u010denie portovania bash 1.08 a gcc 1.40. Prv\u00e9 verejn\u00e9 vydanie jadra Linux bolo predstaven\u00e9 17. septembra. Jadro 0.0.1 malo ve\u013ekos\u0165 62 kB v komprimovanej podobe a obsahovalo pribli\u017ene 10 tis\u00edc riadkov zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. Modern\u00e9 jadro Linux m\u00e1 pribli\u017ene 44 mili\u00f3nov riadkov k\u00f3du.     <\/p>\n<p>Jadro Linux bolo vytvoren\u00e9 pod vplyvom opera\u010dnej s\u00fastavy MINIX, ktor\u00e1 Linusa neuspokojovala svojou obmedzenou licenciou. Nesk\u00f4r, ke\u010f sa Linux stal zn\u00e1mym projektom, nepriatelia sa pok\u00fa\u0161ali obvini\u0165 Linusa z priameho kop\u00edrovania k\u00f3du niektor\u00fdch subsyst\u00e9mov MINIX. \u00datok odrazil Andrew Tanenbaum, autor MINIX, ktor\u00fd poveril jedn\u00e9ho zo \u0161tudentov vykona\u0165 podrobn\u00fa anal\u00fdzu k\u00f3du Minix a prv\u00fdch verejn\u00fdch verzi\u00ed Linux. V\u00fdsledky \u0161t\u00fadie uk\u00e1zali pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 iba \u0161tyroch nev\u00fdznamn\u00fdch zh\u00f4d blokov k\u00f3du, ktor\u00e9 boli sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 po\u017eiadavkami POSIX a ANSI C.    <\/p>\n<p>P\u00f4vodne Linus zam\u00fd\u0161\u013eal nazva\u0165 jadro Freax, od slov \u201efree\u201c, \u201efreak\u201c a X (Unix). Ale n\u00e1zov \u201eLinux\u201c jadro dostalo z r\u00fak Ari Lemmke, ktor\u00fd na Linusovu \u017eiados\u0165 umiestnil jadro na FTP server univerzity, nazval adres\u00e1r s arch\u00edvom nie \u201efreax\u201c, ako \u017eiadal Torvalds, ale \u201elinux\u201c. Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee podnikav\u00fd obchodn\u00edk William Della Croce sa mu podarilo zaregistrova\u0165 obchodn\u00fa zn\u00e1mku Linux a chcel v bud\u00facnosti zbiera\u0165 poplatky, ale nesk\u00f4r to prehodnotil a odovzdal v\u0161etky pr\u00e1va na obchodn\u00fa zn\u00e1mku Linusovi. Ofici\u00e1lnym maskotom jadra Linux je tu\u010dniak Tux, ktor\u00fd bol vybran\u00fd v v\u00fdsledku s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ee konanej v roku 1996. N\u00e1zov Tux je skratkou pre Torvalds UniX.    <\/p>\n<p>Dynamika rastu k\u00f3dovej z\u00e1kladne (po\u010det riadkov zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du) jadra:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> 0.0.1 \u2014 september 1991, 10 tis\u00edc riadkov k\u00f3du;  <\/li>\n<li> 1.0.0 \u2014 marec 1994, 176 tis\u00edc riadkov k\u00f3du;  <\/li>\n<li> 1.2.0 \u2014 marec 1995, 311 tis\u00edc riadkov k\u00f3du;  <\/li>\n<li> 2.0.0 \u2014 j\u00fan 1996, 778 tis\u00edc riadkov k\u00f3du;  <\/li>\n<li> 2.2.0 \u2014 janu\u00e1r 1999, 1.8 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;  <\/li>\n<li> 2.4.0 \u2014 janu\u00e1r 2001, 3.4 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;  <\/li>\n<li> 2.6.0 \u2014 december 2003, 5.9 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;  <\/li>\n<li> 2.6.28 \u2014 december 2008, 10.2 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;  <\/li>\n<li> 2.6.35 \u2014 august 2010, 13.4 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;   <\/li>\n<li> 3.0 - august 2011, 14.6 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;   <\/li>\n<li> 3.5 - j\u00fal 2012, 15.5 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;   <\/li>\n<li> 3.10 \u2014 j\u00fal 2013, 15.8 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;  <\/li>\n<li> 3.16 \u2014 august 2014, 17.5 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;   <\/li>\n<li> 4.1 \u2014 j\u00fan 2015, 19.5 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;  <\/li>\n<li> 4.7 \u2014 j\u00fal 2016, 21.7 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;   <\/li>\n<li> 4.12 \u2014 j\u00fal 2017, 24.1 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;   <\/li>\n<li> 4.18 - august 2018, 25.3 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;   <\/li>\n<li> 5.2 - j\u00fal 2019, 26.55 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;  <\/li>\n<li> 5.8 - august 2020, 28.4 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;   <\/li>\n<li> 5.13 - j\u00fan 2021, 29.2 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;  <\/li>\n<li> 5.19 - august 2022, 30.5 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du;  <\/li>\n<li> 6.4 - j\u00fan 2023, 32.9 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du.  <\/li>\n<li> 6.10 - j\u00fal 2024, 35.1 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du.  <\/li>\n<li> 6.16 \u2014 j\u00fal 2025, 40.8 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du.  <\/li>\n<li> 7.2 \u2014 august 2026, 43.9 mili\u00f3na riadkov k\u00f3du.  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pokrok v\u00fdvoja jadra:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 0.0.1 \u2014 september 1991, prv\u00e9 verejn\u00e9 vydanie, podporuj\u00face len CPU i386 a sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00face sa z diskety;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 0.12 \u2014 janu\u00e1r 1992, k\u00f3d sa za\u010dal \u0161\u00edri\u0165 pod licenciou GPLv2;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 0.95 \u2014 marec 1992, zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania X Window System, realizovan\u00e1 podpora virtu\u00e1lnej pam\u00e4te a swapovacieho s\u00faboru.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 0.96-0.99 \u2014 1992-1993, za\u010dala sa pr\u00e1ca na sie\u0165ovom stacku. Predstavovan\u00fd s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m Ext2, pridan\u00e1 podpora form\u00e1tu s\u00faborov ELF, predstaven\u00e9 ovl\u00e1da\u010de pre zvukov\u00e9 karty a SCSI kontroller, realizovan\u00e9 na\u010d\u00edtanie modulov jadra a s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu \/proc.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V roku 1992 sa objavili prv\u00e9 distrib\u00facie SLS a Yggdrasil. V lete 1993 boli zalo\u017een\u00e9 projekty Slackware a Debian.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 1.0 \u2014 marec 1994, prv\u00e9 ofici\u00e1lne stabiln\u00e9 vydanie;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 1.2 \u2014 marec 1995, v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161enie po\u010dtu ovl\u00e1da\u010dov, podpora platforiem Alpha, MIPS a SPARC, roz\u0161\u00edrenie mo\u017enost\u00ed sie\u0165ov\u00e9ho stacku, vznik paketov\u00e9ho filtra, podpora NFS;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 2.0 \u2014 j\u00fan 1996, podpora viacer\u00fdch procesorov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov;    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Marec 1997: zalo\u017een\u00fd LKML, mailing list v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov jadra Linux;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> 1998: spusten\u00fd prv\u00fd cluster na b\u00e1ze Linuxu, ktor\u00fd sa dostal do zoznamu Top500, skladaj\u00faci sa z 68 uzlov s CPU Alpha;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 2.2 \u2014 janu\u00e1r 1999, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 efekt\u00edvnos\u0165 syst\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vy pam\u00e4te, pridan\u00e1 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"podpora IPv6\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">podpora IPv6<\/a>, zaveden\u00fd nov\u00fd firewall, predstaven\u00fd nov\u00fd zvukov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 2.4 \u2014 febru\u00e1r 2001, zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 podpora 8-procesorov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov a 64 GB RAM, s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m Ext3, podpora USB, ACPI;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Linux 2.6 \u2014 december 2003, podpora SELinux, prostriedky automatick\u00e9ho ladania parametrov jadra, sysfs, prepracovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m spr\u00e1vy pam\u00e4te;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V roku 2005 predstaven\u00fd hyperv\u00edzor Xen, ktor\u00fd otvoril \u00e9ru virtualiz\u00e1cie;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V septembri 2008 bol vytvoren\u00fd prv\u00fd release platformy Android, zalo\u017eenej na jadre Linux;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V j\u00fali 2011 po 10 rokoch v\u00fdvoja vetvy 2.6.x do\u0161lo k prechodu na \u010d\u00edslovanie 3.x. Po\u010det objektov v Git repozit\u00e1ri dosiahol 2 mili\u00f3ny;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V roku 2015 bol vydan\u00fd jadro Linux 4.0. Po\u010det git objektov v repozit\u00e1ri dosiahol 4 mili\u00f3ny;  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V apr\u00edli 2018 bol prekonan\u00fd prah 6 mili\u00f3nov git objektov v repozit\u00e1ri jadra.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V janu\u00e1ri 2019 bola vytvoren\u00e1 vetva jadra Linux 5.0. Repozit\u00e1r dosiahol \u00farove\u0148 6.5 mili\u00f3na git objektov.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Jadro 5.8, publikovan\u00e9 v auguste 2020, sa stalo najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm z h\u013eadiska po\u010dtu zmien vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch jadr\u00e1ch po\u010das existencie projektu.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V jadre 5.13 bol ustanoven\u00fd rekord v po\u010dte v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov (2150), ktor\u00fdch zmeny sa zahrnuli do jadra.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> V auguste 2022 bola vytvoren\u00e1 vetva jadra Linux 6.0, preto\u017ee vo vetve 5.x sa nazbieralo dostatok vydan\u00ed na zmenu prv\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla verzie.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do jadra 6.1, vydan\u00e9ho v decembri 2022, bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 jazyk Rust ako druh\u00fd jazyk na v\u00fdvoj ovl\u00e1da\u010dov a modulov jadra.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Vo febru\u00e1ri 2025 bola dosiahnut\u00e1 hranica 40 mili\u00f3nov riadkov zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du.\n<li class=\"l\"> Podpora Rust bola prelo\u017een\u00e1 z experiment\u00e1lnych funkci\u00ed do hlavn\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed jadra Linux.\n<li class=\"l\"> V roku 2026 sa zaznamenalo zv\u00fd\u0161enie pou\u017e\u00edvania n\u00e1strojov AI na ladenie, recenzovanie zmien, identifik\u00e1ciu ch\u00fdb a v\u00fdvoj opr\u00e1v v jadre. Medzi in\u00fdm, AI za\u010dal pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 Linus Torvalds, napr\u00edklad pred nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi d\u0148ami na identifik\u00e1ciu pr\u00ed\u010din probl\u00e9mov s ovl\u00e1da\u010dom Intel Xe.      <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Pribli\u017ene 65% v\u0161etk\u00fdch zmien v jadre bolo vykonan\u00fdch 20 najakt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edmi spolo\u010dnos\u0165ami. Napr\u00edklad pri v\u00fdvoji jadra 7.1 bolo z v\u0161etk\u00fdch zmien 9.1% (pred rokom v jadre 6.16 to bolo 11.3%) pripraven\u00fdch spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Intel, 7.7% (6.3%) \u2014 Google, 5.2% (5.4%) \u2014 AMD, 5.0% (3.6%) \u2014 Qualcomm, 4.7% (7.6%) \u2014 Red Hat, 3.8% (2.4%) \u2014 NVIDIA, 3.4% (2.9%) \u2014 Meta, 2.9% (3.0%) \u2014 SUSE, 2.5% (2.9%) \u2014 Oracle, 2.1% (2.3%) \u2014 ARM, 1.4% (1.4%) \u2014 IBM, 1.3% (2.4%) \u2014 Huawei. 18% (15.3%) zmien pripravili nez\u00e1visl\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci alebo v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri, ktor\u00ed jasne neuviedli svoju pr\u00e1cu pre konkr\u00e9tne spolo\u010dnosti. Z h\u013eadiska po\u010dtu pridan\u00fdch riadkov k\u00f3du do jadra 7.1 ved\u00fa spolo\u010dnosti Meta, AMD a Qualcomm, ktor\u00fdch podiely boli 15.8%, 13.8% a 7.6% (v jadre 6.16 vedli Intel, Red Hat a Google, podiely ktor\u00fdch boli 9.2%, 7.2% a 6.9%).<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=66133\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>25 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1991 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 21-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 comp.os.minix \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Linux, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f bash 1.08 \u0438 gcc 1.40. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d 17 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f. \u042f\u0434\u0440\u043e 0.0.1 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 62 \u041a\u0431 \u0432 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-183105","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"25 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1991 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 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