{"id":29840,"date":"2019-10-31T21:32:16","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:32:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/istoriya-uspeha-nginx-ili-vozmozhno-vsyo-probuj\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:32:16","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:32:16","slug":"istoriya-uspeha-nginx-ili-vozmozhno-vsyo-probuj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/istoriya-uspeha-nginx-ili-vozmozhno-vsyo-probuj","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00edbeh \u00faspechu nginx, alebo \u201eMo\u017en\u00e9 je v\u0161etko, sk\u00fa\u0161ajte!\u201c","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Pr\u00edbeh
\n
\nIgor Sysayev<\/b>, developer of the web server nginx<\/a><\/noindex><\/strong>, a member of a large family HighLoad++<\/a><\/noindex>, not just at the origins of our conference. I see Igor as my professional teacher, a master who taught me to work with and understand high-load systems, which defined my professional path for a decade.<\/p>\n

Naturally, I couldn't overlook the stunning success<\/a><\/noindex> of the NGINX team\u2026 I took an interview, but not with Igor (he is still an introverted programmer), but with the investors from the Runa Capital<\/strong>, who ten years ago recognized nginx, built a business infrastructure around it, and are now leading a deal that is unprecedented in scale for the Russian market.<\/p>\n

The goal of the article below is to reaffirm \u2014 everything is possible! Try it!<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Chairman of the Program Committee of HighLoad++ Oleg Bunin: Congratulations on the successful deal! As far as I can tell, you managed to maintain and support Igor's desire to continue working as a programmer while building an entire business infrastructure around him \u2014 this is the dream of any developer. Isn't that right?<\/strong><\/p>\n

My interlocutor, managing partner of Runa Capital Dmitry Chikhachev:<\/strong> That's right. This is largely thanks to Igor himself and his co-founders Maxim and Andrey (Maxim Konovalov and Andrey Alexeyev), because they were initially ready for this infrastructure to be built around them. Not all startup founders adequately assess their own strengths and capabilities.<\/strong> Many want to lead or manage the entire process.<\/p>\n

\u2014 So the NGINX team, for the most part, distanced themselves from the business side, or what?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dmitry:<\/strong> Nie, neodst\u00fapili od obchodnej str\u00e1nky, pre\u010do by to robili? Maxim riadil opera\u010dn\u00fa \u010das\u0165 ako prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fd riadite\u013e. Andrej sa venoval BizDev-u, Igor sa st\u00e1le zaoberal v\u00fdvojom \u2014 t\u00fdm, \u010do ho bav\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Everyone did what they were strong in and what they enjoyed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nBut they all understood that to build a multimillion-dollar business in the US, a person of a different caliber with a different background was necessary. Therefore, even in the first round of negotiations, there was an agreement with investors that such a person would be found. That person became Gus Robertson, who fits all these criteria.<\/p>\n

\u2014 So it was initially planned to enter the American market?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dmitry:<\/strong> NGINX je b2b podnik. Hoci nie je ve\u013emi zn\u00e1my pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom, pracuje na infra\u0161trukt\u00farnej \u00farovni, d\u00e1 sa poveda\u0165 middleware. Hlavn\u00fdm trhom b2b s\u00fa USA \u2014 tam sa s\u00fastre\u010fuje 40 % svetov\u00e9ho trhu.<\/p>\n

\u00daspech na americkom trhu predur\u010duje \u00faspech ka\u017ed\u00e9ho startupu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nPreto je logick\u00fd pl\u00e1n: \u00eds\u0165 do USA, ihne\u010f si naja\u0165 \u010dloveka, ktor\u00fd povedie americk\u00fa spolo\u010dnos\u0165, bude rozv\u00edja\u0165 biznis a pril\u00e1ka americk\u00fdch investorov. Ak chcete pred\u00e1va\u0165 v USA infra\u0161trukt\u00farny softv\u00e9r, je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby ste mali za sebou aj americk\u00fdch investorov.<\/p>\n

\u2014 Kto k komu pri\u0161iel: vy k nginx, alebo nginx k v\u00e1m?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dmitry:<\/strong> Mali sme mnoho r\u00f4znych kontaktov. Pravdepodobne sme prejavili v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu iniciat\u00edvu, preto\u017ee u\u017e vtedy bol nginx vidite\u013en\u00fd. Hoci to e\u0161te nebola spolo\u010dnos\u0165 a podiel na trhu bol relat\u00edvne mal\u00fd (6 %), investorov u\u017e zauj\u00edmal. Obchod bol konkuren\u010dn\u00fd, tak\u017ee sme samozrejme prejavili aktivitu.<\/p>\n

\u2014 V akom stave bol produkt? Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 neexistovala, ale boli nejak\u00e9 n\u00e1\u010drty komer\u010dnej enterprise verzie?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dmitry:<\/strong> Bol tu webov\u00fd server nginx s otvoren\u00fdm k\u00f3dom. Mal svojich u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov \u2014 6 % glob\u00e1lneho trhu. V skuto\u010dnosti to s\u00fa mili\u00f3ny, dokonca desiatky mili\u00f3nov webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok. Napriek tomu spolo\u010dnos\u0165 neexistovala, neexistoval \u017eiadny obchodn\u00fd model. A ke\u010f\u017ee neexistovala spolo\u010dnos\u0165, neexistoval ani t\u00edm: bol tam Igor Sysoev \u2014 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1r nginx a mal\u00e9 community okolo.<\/p>\n

To je ve\u013emi zauj\u00edmav\u00fd pr\u00edbeh. Igor za\u010dal p\u00edsa\u0165 nginx u\u017e d\u00e1vno \u2014 v roku 2002 a vydal ho v roku 2004. V skuto\u010dnosti sa z\u00e1ujem o\u0148 objavil a\u017e v roku 2008, v roku 2011 pril\u00e1kal financie. M\u00e1lokto rozm\u00fd\u0161\u013ea, pre\u010do trvalo tak dlho. V skuto\u010dnosti existuje logick\u00e9 technick\u00e9 vysvetlenie.<\/p>\n

V roku 2002 Igor pracoval v Rambleri a rie\u0161il probl\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd ako syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor mal \u2014 takzvan\u00fd probl\u00e9m C10k, teda zabezpe\u010di\u0165 server pre viac ako desa\u0165tis\u00edc s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch po\u017eiadaviek pri \u0161pi\u010dkovom za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed. Ten probl\u00e9m pr\u00e1ve vznikol, preto\u017ee ve\u013ek\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenia na internete sa len dost\u00e1vali do be\u017en\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvania. S t\u00fdmto sa stret\u00e1vali len jednotliv\u00e9 str\u00e1nky \u2014 ako napr\u00edklad Rambler, Yandex, Mail.ru. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok to nebolo aktu\u00e1lne. Ke\u010f je za de\u0148 100-200 po\u017eiadaviek, \u017eiadny nginx nie je potrebn\u00fd, bezproblem ad an zvl\u00e1dne Apache.<\/p>\n

S rast\u00facou popularitou internetu narastal aj po\u010det webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok, ktor\u00e9 \u010delili probl\u00e9mu C10k. St\u00e1le viac webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok potrebuje r\u00fdchlej\u0161\u00ed webov\u00fd server na spracovanie po\u017eiadaviek \u2014 ako je nginx.<\/p>\n

Skuto\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1rast za\u0165a\u017eenia v\u0161ak pri\u0161iel v rokoch 2008-2010 s n\u00e1stupom smartf\u00f3nov.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nJe \u013eahk\u00e9 si predstavi\u0165, ako r\u00fdchlo vzr\u00e1stlo mno\u017estvo po\u017eiadaviek na servery. Po prv\u00e9, zv\u00fd\u0161il sa \u010das str\u00e1ven\u00fd na internete, preto\u017ee kliknut\u00edm na odkazy sa dalo prech\u00e1dza\u0165 v\u0161ade a kedyko\u013evek, nie len pri po\u010d\u00edta\u010di. Po druh\u00e9, aj spr\u00e1vanie pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov sa zmenilo \u2014 s dotykov\u00fdmi obrazovkami sa prech\u00e1dzanie odkazmi stalo chaotickej\u0161\u00edm. K tomu sa pridali aj soci\u00e1lne siete.<\/p>\n

To viedlo k tomu, \u017ee piky za\u0165a\u017eenia na internete za\u010dali narasta\u0165 exponenci\u00e1lne<\/strong>. Celkov\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie r\u00e1stlo viac-menej rovnomerne, ale vrcholy sa st\u00e1vali \u010doraz patrnej\u0161\u00edmi. Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee probl\u00e9m C10k sa stal roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdm. V tomto momente nginx vyletel.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u00edbeh
\n
\n\u2014 Povedz mi, ako sa vyv\u00edjali udalosti po stretnut\u00ed s Igorom a jeho t\u00edmom? Kedy sa za\u010dalo s v\u00fdvojom infra\u0161trukt\u00fary a podnikate\u013esk\u00fdch n\u00e1padov? <\/strong><\/p>\n

Dmitry:<\/strong> Najprv sa formovala dohoda. U\u017e som spom\u00ednal, \u017ee dohoda bola konkuren\u010dn\u00e1, a nakoniec sa vytvoril syndik\u00e1t investorov. Stali sme sa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou tohto syndik\u00e1tu spolu s BV Capital (teraz e.ventures) a Michaelom Dellom. Najprv sme uzavreli dohodu, a a\u017e potom sme za\u010dali uva\u017eova\u0165 o ot\u00e1zke n\u00e1js\u0165 americk\u00e9ho CEO.<\/p>\n

A ako ste uzavreli dohodu? Predsa len ste ani nevedeli, ak\u00fd je obchodn\u00fd model a kedy sa to zaplat\u00ed? Len ste investovali do t\u00edmu, do skvel\u00e9ho produktu?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dmitry:<\/strong> \u00c1no, bola to \u010disto seedov\u00e1 dohoda. V tom momente sme neuva\u017eovali nad obchodn\u00fdm modelom.<\/p>\n

Na\u0161a investi\u010dn\u00e1 te\u00f3ria sa zakladala na tom, \u017ee NGINX je unik\u00e1tny produkt s v\u00fdrazne rast\u00facou publikou.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nRie\u0161il v\u00e1\u017eny probl\u00e9m pre t\u00fato publiku. M\u00e1m ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fd test, lakmusov\u00fd papierik pre ak\u00fako\u013evek invest\u00edciu \u2014 rie\u0161i produkt hromadn\u00fd a bolestiv\u00fd probl\u00e9m? NGINX tento test zvl\u00e1dal na v\u00fdborn\u00fa: probl\u00e9m bol hromadn\u00fd, za\u0165a\u017eenia r\u00e1stli, a webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky padali. A bol bolestiv\u00fd, preto\u017ee nastala \u00e9ra, ke\u010f sa webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka stala, \u010do sa naz\u00fdva, kritickou z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n

V 90-tych rokoch \u013eudia hovorili takto: je tu web \u2014 teraz zavol\u00e1m adminovi, za hodinu ho spustia \u2014 bude to v poriadku. Na konci 2000-tych rokov sa pre mnoh\u00e9 firmy stal 5-min\u00fatov\u00fd v\u00fdpadok naozaj stratou pe\u0148az\u00ed, reput\u00e1cie a pod. To, \u017ee probl\u00e9m bol bolestiv\u00fd \u2014 to je jedna str\u00e1nka.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00e1 str\u00e1nka, na ktor\u00fa sa ako investori zameriavame \u2014 to je kvalita t\u00edmu<\/strong>. Tu n\u00e1s ve\u013emi zaujal Igor a jeho spolu-zakladatelia. Bol to komplement\u00e1rny z\u00e1\u017eitok a jedine\u010dn\u00fd produkt, ktor\u00fd vyvinul jeden \u010dlovek.<\/p>\n

\u2014 Je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee svoju \u00falohu zohral aj t\u00edm s ur\u010dit\u00fdm po\u010dtom vz\u00e1jomne sa dop\u013a\u0148aj\u00facich kompetenci\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dmitry:<\/strong> Mysl\u00edm si, \u017ee je spr\u00e1vne, \u017ee Igor produkt vyvinul s\u00e1m, ale ke\u010f pri\u0161iel \u010das na vytvorenie podnikania, ne\u0161iel do toho s\u00e1m, ale s partnermi. Z poh\u013eadu 10-ro\u010dn\u00fdch investi\u010dn\u00fdch sk\u00fasenost\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eem poveda\u0165, \u017ee pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 dvoch spoluzakladate\u013eov ur\u010dite zni\u017euje rizik\u00e1. Optim\u00e1lny po\u010det spoluzakladate\u013eov je dva alebo traja.<\/b> Jeden \u2014 to je ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo, a \u0161tyria \u2014 u\u017e ve\u013emi ve\u013ea.<\/p>\n

\u2014 A \u010do sa stalo \u010falej? Ke\u010f sa transakcia u\u017e uskuto\u010dnila, ale biznis my\u0161lienka e\u0161te neexistovala.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dmitry:<\/strong> Uzavrie sa transakcia, registruje sa firma, podpisuj\u00fa sa dokumenty, prev\u00e1dzaj\u00fa sa peniaze \u2014 v\u0161etko, ideme. Paralelne s pr\u00e1cou na biznis \u010dasti, sme najali t\u00edm v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov, ktor\u00fd za\u010dal pracova\u0165 na produkte. Andrej Alexejev ako BizDev budoval prv\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy s potenci\u00e1lnymi klientmi, aby z\u00edskal sp\u00e4tn\u00fa v\u00e4zbu. Spolo\u010dne sme rozm\u00fd\u0161\u013eali nad biznis modelom a spolo\u010dne sme h\u013eadali top mana\u017e\u00e9ra, ktor\u00fd by rozv\u00edjal americk\u00fd biznis a v podstate viedol firmu. <\/p>\n

\u2014 A ako ste ho na\u0161li? Kde? Ani si neviem predstavi\u0165, ako to spravi\u0165.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dmitry:<\/strong> V\u0161etci investori a predstavenstvo sa t\u00fdm zaoberali. Nakoniec sme si vybrali Gasa Robertsona. Gas pracoval v Red Hat, top mana\u017e\u00e9r, ktor\u00fd bol na\u0161\u00edm investorom. Obr\u00e1tili sme sa na Red Hat, ke\u010f\u017ee ide o open source, povedali sme, \u017ee h\u013ead\u00e1me niekoho, kto by bol schopn\u00fd vies\u0165 biznis a rozvin\u00fa\u0165 ho na miliardov\u00fd. Odporu\u010dili n\u00e1m Gasa.<\/p>\n

Dohodu s NGINX sme uzavreli v roku 2011, a v roku 2012 sme sa u\u017e stretli s Gasom, a ten sa n\u00e1m hne\u010f ve\u013emi p\u00e1\u010dil. Mal pozadie v open source z Red Hat \u2014 vtedy to bola jedin\u00e1 firma s multibillionovou kapitaliz\u00e1ciou v open source. Okrem toho sa Gas zaoberal pr\u00e1ve rozvojom biznisu a predajom \u2014 to, \u010do potrebujeme!<\/p>\n

Okrem odborn\u00fdch sk\u00fasenost\u00ed a pozadia n\u00e1s zaujal aj jeho osobnostn\u00fd profil \u2014 je to talentovan\u00fd, vn\u00edmav\u00fd \u010dlovek s r\u00fdchlym myslen\u00edm a, \u010do je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, zdalo sa n\u00e1m, \u017ee m\u00e1 dobr\u00fa kult\u00farnu kompatibilitu s t\u00edmom. Nakoniec sa to naozaj potvrdilo. Ke\u010f sa spoznali, vy\u0161lo najavo, \u017ee s\u00fa si bl\u00edzki a v\u0161etci dobre spolupracovali.<\/p>\n

Urobili sme Gasa ponuku a na konci roka 2012 za\u010dal pracova\u0165. Gas tie\u017e navrhol investova\u0165 svoje vlastn\u00e9 peniaze do NGINX. To na v\u0161etk\u00fdch investorov zap\u00f4sobilo. V\u010faka vysok\u00e9mu nasadeniu Gasa sa zapojil medzi zakladate\u013eov a v\u0161etci ho vn\u00edmali ako spoluzakladate\u013ea spolo\u010dnosti. Nesk\u00f4r bol jedn\u00fdm zo \u0161tyroch. Existuje sl\u00e1vna fotografia, na ktorej s\u00fa v\u0161etci \u0161tyria v tri\u010dk\u00e1ch NGINX.<\/p>\n

\"Pr\u00edbeh
\nFotografia je prevzat\u00e1 z pozn\u00e1mok<\/a><\/noindex> Dmitrija \u010cichachova o hist\u00f3rii spolupr\u00e1ce NGINX a Runa Capital.<\/i><\/p>\n

\u2014 Hne\u010f sa podarilo na\u010drtn\u00fa\u0165 biznis model, alebo sa nesk\u00f4r menil?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dmitry:<\/strong> Model sa podarilo na\u010drtn\u00fa\u0165 hne\u010f, ale predt\u00fdm sme sa nejak\u00fd \u010das diskutovali o tom, ako a \u010do. Hlavn\u00e1 diskusia v\u0161ak bola okolo toho, \u010di pokra\u010dova\u0165 v podpore open source projektu, necha\u0165 nginx zadarmo, alebo postupne presadi\u0165, aby v\u0161etci platili.<\/p>\n

Rozhodli sme sa, \u017ee bude spr\u00e1vne vyu\u017ei\u0165 silu komunity, ktor\u00e1 stoj\u00ed za nginx, nesklama\u0165 ju a nevzda\u0165 sa podpory open source projektu.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nPreto sme sa rozhodli ponecha\u0165 nginx v open source, ale vytvori\u0165 aj \u0161peci\u00e1lny produkt, ktor\u00fd dostal n\u00e1zov NGINX Plus. To je komer\u010dn\u00fd produkt zalo\u017een\u00fd na nginx, ktor\u00fd licencujeme enterprise klientom. Teraz je hlavn\u00fdm biznisom NGINX predaj licenci\u00ed NGINX Plus.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00e9 rozdiely medzi otvorenou a platenou verziou s\u00fa:<\/p>\n