{"id":30199,"date":"2019-10-31T21:34:08","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vozmozhno-vam-ne-nuzhen-kubernetes\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:34:08","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:08","slug":"vozmozhno-vam-ne-nuzhen-kubernetes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/vozmozhno-vam-ne-nuzhen-kubernetes","title":{"rendered":"Mo\u017eno, \u017ee Kubernetes nepotrebujete","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Mo\u017eno, \u017ee Kubernetes nepotrebujete\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/4cd1c0ed29bf76731aab81ce67144352.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Diev\u010da na\u00a0sk\u00fatri. Ilustr\u00e1cia <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.freepik.com\/free-photos-vectors\/car\">freepik<\/a><\/noindex>, logo Nomad od <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nomadproject.io\/\">HashiCorp<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Kubernetes je 300-kilogramov\u00e1 gorila na\u00a0orchesterovanie kontajnerov. Funguje v niektor\u00fdch najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch kontajnerov\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch na svete, ale je n\u00e1kladn\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 n\u00e1kladn\u00fd pre mal\u00e9 t\u00edmy, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa musie\u0165 str\u00e1vi\u0165 ve\u013ea \u010dasu na jeho \u00fadr\u017ebu a zlo\u017eit\u00fa krivku u\u010denia. Pre n\u00e1\u0161 t\u00edm \u0161tyroch \u013eud\u00ed s\u00fa to pr\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady. Preto sme za\u010dali h\u013eada\u0165 alternat\u00edvy a zamilovali sme sa do <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.nomadproject.io\/\">Nomad<\/a><\/noindex>.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h1>\u010co chceme<\/h1>\n<p>\nN\u00e1\u0161 t\u00edm podporuje mno\u017estvo typick\u00fdch slu\u017eieb na monitorovanie a anal\u00fdzu v\u00fdkonu: API koncov\u00e9 body pre metriky nap\u00edsan\u00e9 v Go, exporty Prometheus, analyz\u00e1tory logov ako Logstash a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/trivago\/gollum\">Gollum<\/a><\/noindex>, ako aj datab\u00e1zy ako InfluxDB alebo Elasticsearch. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 z t\u00fdchto slu\u017eieb funguje v\u00a0vlastnom kontajneri. Potrebujeme jednoduch\u00fd syst\u00e9m na udr\u017eanie v\u0161etk\u00fdch t\u00fdchto v prev\u00e1dzke.<\/p>\n<p>Za\u010dali sme zoznamom po\u017eiadaviek na orchesterovanie kontajnerov:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Spustenie s\u00faboru slu\u017eieb na viacer\u00fdch strojoch.\n<\/li>\n<li>Preh\u013ead spusten\u00fdch slu\u017eieb.\n<\/li>\n<li>V\u00e4zby medzi slu\u017ebami.\n<\/li>\n<li>Automatick\u00e9 re\u0161tartovanie, ak slu\u017eba zlyh\u00e1.\n<\/li>\n<li>\u00dadr\u017eba infra\u0161trukt\u00fary mal\u00fdm t\u00edmom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nOkrem toho bud\u00fa nasleduj\u00face veci pr\u00edjemn\u00e9, ale nie povinn\u00e9 doplnky:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ozna\u010dovanie strojov pod\u013ea ich schopnost\u00ed (napr\u00edklad ozna\u010dovanie strojov s r\u00fdchlymi diskami pre n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 slu\u017eby I\/O).\n<\/li>\n<li>Mo\u017enos\u0165 sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania slu\u017eieb nez\u00e1visle od orchestr\u00e1tora (napr\u00edklad po\u010das v\u00fdvoja).\n<\/li>\n<li>Spolo\u010dn\u00e9 miesto na zdie\u013eanie konfigur\u00e1ci\u00ed a tajomstiev.\n<\/li>\n<li>Koncov\u00fd bod pre metriky a logy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h1>Pre\u010do n\u00e1m Kubernetes nevyhovuje<\/h1>\n<p>\nPri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed prototypu s Kubernetes sme si v\u0161imli, \u017ee sme za\u010dali prid\u00e1va\u0165 st\u00e1le zlo\u017eitej\u0161ie vrstvy logiky, na ktor\u00e9 sme bezpodmiene\u010dne spoliehali.<\/p>\n<p>Napr\u00edklad, Kubernetes podporuje vstavan\u00e9 konfigur\u00e1cie slu\u017eieb prostredn\u00edctvom <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/tasks\/configure-pod-container\/configure-pod-configmap\/\">ConfigMaps<\/a><\/noindex>. M\u00f4\u017eete sa r\u00fdchlo zamota\u0165, najm\u00e4 pri zl\u00fa\u010den\u00ed viacer\u00fdch konfigura\u010dn\u00fdch s\u00faborov alebo pri prid\u00e1van\u00ed \u010fal\u0161\u00edch slu\u017eieb do podu. Kubernetes (alebo <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/helm.sh\/\">helm<\/a><\/noindex> v tomto pr\u00edpade) umo\u017e\u0148uje implementova\u0165 dynamick\u00e9 extern\u00e9 konfigur\u00e1cie pre rozdelenie z\u00e1ujmov. No to vedie k pevnej skrytej v\u00e4zbe medzi va\u0161\u00edm projektom a Kubernetes. Napriek tomu s\u00fa Helm a ConfigMaps len doplnkov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti, tak\u017ee ich pou\u017e\u00edvanie nie je povinn\u00e9. M\u00f4\u017eete priamo skop\u00edrova\u0165 konfigur\u00e1ciu do obrazu Docker. Napriek tomu je l\u00e1kav\u00e9 zvoli\u0165 t\u00fato cestu a vytvori\u0165 zbyto\u010dn\u00e9 abstrakcie, ktor\u00fdch budete nesk\u00f4r \u013eutova\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Okrem toho sa ekosyst\u00e9m Kubernetes r\u00fdchlo vyv\u00edja. Vy\u017eaduje si ve\u013ea \u010dasu a energie, aby ste boli informovan\u00ed o osved\u010den\u00fdch praktik\u00e1ch a najnov\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1strojoch. Kubectl, minikube, kubeadm, helm, tiller, kops, oc \u2013 zoznam pokra\u010duje a pokra\u010duje. Na za\u010diatku pr\u00e1ce nie s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 v\u0161etky tieto n\u00e1stroje, ale neviete, \u010do budete potrebova\u0165, preto mus\u00edte by\u0165 obozn\u00e1men\u00ed so v\u0161etk\u00fdm. Z tohto d\u00f4vodu je krivka u\u010denia dos\u0165 strm\u00e1.<\/p>\n<h1>Kedy pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 Kubernetes<\/h1>\n<p>\nV na\u0161ej spolo\u010dnosti ve\u013ea \u013eud\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edva Kubernetes a s\u00fa s t\u00fdm \u00faplne spokojn\u00ed. Tieto in\u0161tancie spravuj\u00fa Google alebo Amazon, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa dostato\u010dn\u00e9 zdroje na podporu.<\/p>\n<p>Kubernetes prich\u00e1dza s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/jvns.ca\/blog\/2017\/08\/05\/how-kubernetes-certificates-work\/\">\u00fa\u017easn\u00fdmi funkciami<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00e9 robia rozsiahlu orchestr\u00e1ciu kontajnerov lep\u0161ie riadite\u013enou:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Detailn\u00e9 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/reference\/access-authn-authz\/authorization\/\">riadenie pr\u00e1v<\/a><\/noindex>.\n<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/extend-kubernetes\/api-extension\/custom-resources\/#custom-controllers\">Vlastn\u00e9 controllery<\/a><\/noindex> prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa logiku do klastru. Tieto s\u00fa len programy, ktor\u00e9 komunikuj\u00fa s Kubernetes API.\n<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/tasks\/run-application\/horizontal-pod-autoscale\/\">Automatick\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1lovanie<\/a><\/noindex>! Kubernetes dok\u00e1\u017ee \u0161k\u00e1lova\u0165 slu\u017eby na po\u017eiadanie, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fac slu\u017eobn\u00e9 metriky a bez potreby manu\u00e1lneho z\u00e1sahu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nOt\u00e1zkou je, \u010di naozaj potrebujete v\u0161etky tieto funkcie. Nem\u00f4\u017eete sa len spolieha\u0165 na abstrakcie; <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/jvns.ca\/blog\/2017\/08\/05\/how-kubernetes-certificates-work\/\">budete sa musie\u0165 nau\u010di\u0165, \u010do sa deje pod kapotou<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Na\u0161a t\u00edm poskytuje v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu slu\u017eieb na dia\u013eku (kv\u00f4li tesnej v\u00e4zbe na hlavn\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru), tak\u017ee sme nechceli zaklada\u0165 vlastn\u00fd klaster Kubernetes. Chceli sme iba poskytova\u0165 slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n<h1>Bat\u00e9rie nie s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou balenia<\/h1>\n<p>\nNomad je 20% orchestr\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 daj\u00fa 80% potrebn\u00e9ho. V\u0161etko, \u010do rob\u00ed, je spr\u00e1va nasaden\u00ed. Nomad sa star\u00e1 o nasadenia, re\u0161tartuje kontajnery v pr\u00edpade ch\u00fdb\u2026 a to je v\u0161etko.<\/p>\n<p>Cel\u00fd zmysel Nomadu spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u010do rob\u00ed <i>minimum<\/i>: \u017eiadne detailn\u00e9 riadenie pr\u00e1v ani <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kubernetes.io\/docs\/concepts\/services-networking\/network-policies\/\">pokro\u010dil\u00e9 sie\u0165ov\u00e9 politiky<\/a><\/noindex>, presne takto bolo zam\u00fd\u0161\u013ean\u00e9. Tieto komponenty sa poskytuj\u00fa zvonku alebo sa v\u00f4bec neposkytuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee Nomad na\u0161iel dokonal\u00fd kompromis medzi jednoduchos\u0165ou pou\u017eitia a u\u017eito\u010dnos\u0165ou. Je skvel\u00fd pre mal\u00e9, nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Ak potrebujete viac kontroly, budete si ich musie\u0165 nasadi\u0165 samostatne alebo pou\u017ei\u0165 in\u00fd pr\u00edstup. Nomad je <i>jednoduch\u00fd<\/i> orkest\u00e1tor.<\/p>\n<p>To najlep\u0161ie na Nomade je, \u017ee je \u013eahko <i>nahradite\u013en\u00fd<\/i>. Takmer neexistuje viazanos\u0165 na dod\u00e1vate\u013ea, preto\u017ee jeho funkcie sa daj\u00fa \u013eahko integrova\u0165 do ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek in\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vy slu\u017eieb. Funguje jednoducho ako be\u017en\u00fd bin\u00e1rny s\u00fabor na ka\u017edom stroji v klastru, a to je v\u0161etko!<\/p>\n<h1>Ekosyst\u00e9m Nomadu pozost\u00e1va z vo\u013ene prepojen\u00fdch komponentov.<\/h1>\n<p>\nSkuto\u010dn\u00e1 sila Nomadu spo\u010d\u00edva v jeho ekosyst\u00e9me. Ve\u013emi dobre sa integruje s in\u00fdmi \u2014 \u00faplne volite\u013en\u00fdmi \u2014 produktmi, ako s\u00fa <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.consul.io\/\">Consul<\/a><\/noindex> (\u00falo\u017eisko k\u013e\u00fa\u010d-hodnota) alebo <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.vaultproject.io\/\">Vault<\/a><\/noindex> (spr\u00e1va tajomstiev). Vn\u00fatri s\u00faboru Nomad s\u00fa sekcie na z\u00edskavanie \u00fadajov z t\u00fdchto slu\u017eieb:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">template {\n  data = &lt;&lt;EOH\nLOG_LEVEL=&quot;{{key &quot;service\/geo-api\/log-verbosity&quot;}}&quot;\nAPI_KEY=&quot;{{with secret &quot;secret\/geo-api-key&quot;}}{{.Data.value}}{{end}}&quot;\nEOH\n\n  destination = &quot;secrets\/file.env&quot;\n  env         = true\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTu \u010d\u00edtame k\u013e\u00fa\u010d <code>service\/geo-api\/log-verbosity<\/code> z Consulu a za behu ho predstavujeme ako premenn\u00fa prostredia <code>LOG_LEVEL<\/code>. Taktie\u017e predstavujeme k\u013e\u00fa\u010d <code>secret\/geo-api-key<\/code> z Vault ako <code>API_KEY<\/code>. Jednoduch\u00e9, ale mocn\u00e9!<\/p>\n<p>V\u010faka svojej jednoduchosti je Nomad \u013eahko roz\u0161\u00edrite\u013en\u00fd pomocou in\u00fdch slu\u017eieb cez API. Napr\u00edklad podporuje zna\u010dky pre \u00falohy. Ozna\u010dujeme v\u0161etky slu\u017eby s metrikami zna\u010dkou <code>trv-metrics<\/code>. Takto ich Prometheus \u013eahko n\u00e1jde cez Consul a pravidelne kontroluje koncov\u00fa adresu <code>\/metrics<\/code> na nov\u00e9 \u00fadaje. Rovnako sa to d\u00e1 urobi\u0165 napr\u00edklad pre logy pomocou <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/grafana.com\/loki\">Loki<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Existuje mnoho \u010fal\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edkladov roz\u0161\u00edrite\u013enosti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Spustenie \u00falohy Jenkins cez webhook, zatia\u013e \u010do Consul sleduje op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 nasadenie \u00falohy Nomad pri zmen\u00e1ch konfigur\u00e1cie slu\u017eby.\n<\/li>\n<li>Ceph prid\u00e1va do Nomadu distribuovan\u00fd s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m.\n<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/fabiolb\/fabio\">fabio<\/a><\/noindex> pre za\u0165a\u017eovanie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTo v\u0161etko umo\u017e\u0148uje <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tech.trivago.com\/2019\/01\/25\/nomad-our-experiences-and-best-practices\/\">organicky rozv\u00edja\u0165 infra\u0161trukt\u00faru<\/a><\/noindex> bez v\u00fdznamnej viazanosti na dod\u00e1vate\u013ea.<\/p>\n<h1>\u00daprimn\u00e9 varovanie<\/h1>\n<p>\n\u017diadny syst\u00e9m nie je dokonal\u00fd. Neodpor\u00fa\u010dam okam\u017eite zav\u00e1dza\u0165 najnov\u0161ie funkcie do produkcie. Samozrejme, \u017ee s\u00fa pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 chyby a ch\u00fdbaj\u00face funkcie, ale to ist\u00e9 plat\u00ed aj pre Kubernetes.<\/p>\n<p>V porovnan\u00ed s Kubernetes nie je komunita Nomad tak\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00e1. Kubernetes m\u00e1 u\u017e okolo 75 000 commitov a 2000 prispievate\u013eov, zatia\u013e \u010do Nomad m\u00e1 pribli\u017ene 14 000 commitov a 300 prispievate\u013eov. Nomad bude \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 udr\u017ea\u0165 krok a nest\u00edha\u0165 s Kubernetes, ale mo\u017eno to ani nie je potrebn\u00e9! Je to viac \u0161pecializovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m a men\u0161ia komunita tie\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 pull request si pravdepodobne r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie v\u0161imn\u00fa a prijm\u00fa v porovnan\u00ed s Kubernetes.<\/p>\n<h1>Zhrnutie<\/h1>\n<p>\nZ\u00e1ver: nepou\u017e\u00edvajte Kubernetes len preto, \u017ee to robia v\u0161etci ostatn\u00ed. D\u00f4kladne vyhodno\u0165te svoje po\u017eiadavky a zistite, ktor\u00fd n\u00e1stroj je v\u00fdhodnej\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Ak pl\u00e1nujete nasadi\u0165 masy homog\u00e9nnych slu\u017eieb na rozsiahlej infra\u0161trukt\u00fare, Kubernetes je dobr\u00e1 vo\u013eba. Len nezab\u00fadajte na dodato\u010dn\u00fa zlo\u017eitost a n\u00e1klady na prev\u00e1dzku. Niektor\u00fdm n\u00e1kladom sa m\u00f4\u017eete vyhn\u00fa\u0165, ak pou\u017eijete spravovan\u00e9 prostredie Kubernetes, ako je <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/cloud.google.com\/kubernetes-engine\/\">Google Kubernetes Engine<\/a><\/noindex> alebo <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/aws.amazon.com\/eks\/\">Amazon EKS<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Ak h\u013ead\u00e1te len spo\u013eahliv\u00e9ho orchestr\u00e1tora, ktor\u00fd je jednoduch\u00fd na \u00fadr\u017ebu a roz\u0161\u00edrite\u013en\u00fd, pre\u010do nesk\u00fasi\u0165 Nomad? Mo\u017eno budete prekvapen\u00ed, ako \u010faleko v\u00e1s to zavedie.<\/p>\n<p>Ak porovn\u00e1te Kubernetes s autom, Nomad bude sk\u00fater. Niekedy potrebujete jedno, inokedy to druh\u00e9. Obe maj\u00fa pr\u00e1vo na existenciu.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/445030\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u0435\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435. \u0418\u043b\u043b\u044e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f freepik, \u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f Nomad \u043e\u0442 HashiCorp Kubernetes\u00a0\u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e 300-\u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 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\u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0451\u0445 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30199","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0414\u0435\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" 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