{"id":30257,"date":"2019-10-31T21:34:32","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/urovni-zrelosti-it-infrastruktury-predpriyatiya\/"},"modified":"2026-02-16T15:58:04","modified_gmt":"2026-02-16T13:58:04","slug":"urovni-zrelosti-it-infrastruktury-predpriyatiya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/urovni-zrelosti-it-infrastruktury-predpriyatiya","title":{"rendered":"\u00darovne zrelosti IT-infrastrukt\u00fary podniku","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i><b>Abstrakt:<\/b> \u00darovne zrelosti IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary podniku. <br \/>\nPopis v\u00fdhod a nev\u00fdhod ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u00farovne osobitne. <\/i><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\u00darovne zrelosti IT-infrastrukt\u00fary podniku\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/d451e49fd518e53ee2c5c6956e48ccbc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex> <br \/>\nAnalytici tvrdia, \u017ee v \u0161tandardnej situ\u00e1cii viac ako 70 % IT rozpo\u010dtu sa m\u00ed\u0148a na udr\u017eiavanie infra\u0161trukt\u00fary \u2013 serverov, siet\u00ed, opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov a \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed. Organiz\u00e1cie si uvedomuj\u00fa, ak\u00e1 je nevyhnutn\u00e1 optimaliz\u00e1cia IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary a ak\u00e9 je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby bola efekt\u00edvna z ekonomick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska, prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na to, \u017ee je potrebn\u00e9 racionalizova\u0165 infra\u0161trukt\u00faru svojho podniku pomocou \u0161tandardiz\u00e1cie pracovn\u00fdch stan\u00edc, konsolid\u00e1cie centier \u00fadajov a zavedenia osved\u010den\u00fdch postupov v oblasti informa\u010dn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed. Ak sa na tieto iniciat\u00edvy pozer\u00e1me osobitne, nemaj\u00fa dlhodob\u00fd efekt. Na dosiahnutie dlhodob\u00e9ho efektu je potrebn\u00e9 jasne ch\u00e1pa\u0165 \u00farovne zrelosti svojej IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, jej prepojenie s celkovou strat\u00e9giou podnikania a jeho potrebami.<\/p>\n<p>Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Microsoft pon\u00faka svoj <u>model optimaliz\u00e1cie infra\u0161trukt\u00fary IOM<\/u> (roz\u0161ifruje sa ako Model optimaliz\u00e1cie infra\u0161trukt\u00fary). Tento model m\u00e1 pom\u00f4c\u0165 podnikom pochopi\u0165 a zlep\u0161i\u0165 stav svojej IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, navy\u0161e napom\u00e1ha k jasnej\u0161iemu predstave o tom, ak\u00e9 n\u00e1klady sa o\u010dak\u00e1vaj\u00fa v bud\u00facnosti na optimaliz\u00e1ciu, ak\u00e1 je jej flexibilita pri prev\u00e1dzke a ak\u00e1 je \u00farove\u0148 zabezpe\u010denia. V\u00fdrazne u\u0161etri\u0165 je mo\u017en\u00e9 prechodom na dynamick\u00e9 prostredie od neovl\u00e1dan\u00e9ho. \u00darove\u0148 zabezpe\u010denia sa zvy\u0161uje na proakt\u00edvne odvracanie hrozieb na vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch \u00farovniach zrelosti. Podobne je mo\u017en\u00e9 zlep\u0161i\u0165 spr\u00e1vu IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary: cel\u00fd zoznam oper\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 je potrebn\u00e9 vykona\u0165, sa vykon\u00e1va nie ru\u010dne, ale na vysokej \u00farovni automatiz\u00e1cie s proakt\u00edvnym pr\u00edstupom, aby sa predi\u0161lo vzniku podobn\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov v bud\u00facnosti. <\/p>\n<p>Zak\u00fapen\u00edm a pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm optimaliza\u010dn\u00e9ho modelu od spolo\u010dnosti Microsoft si objedn\u00e1vate\u013e r\u00fdchlo za\u010d\u00edna uvedomova\u0165 v\u0161etky v\u00fdhody strat\u00e9gie a v\u00fdhody pre podnik, ktor\u00e9 vypl\u00fdvaj\u00fa z prechodu z z\u00e1kladnej \u00farovne na dynamick\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 zrelosti IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary. Najprv sa pova\u017euje za n\u00e1klad, ale po prechode sa jej hodnota pre biznis st\u00e1va zrejmou a vn\u00edma sa ako strategick\u00e1 akt\u00edva, ktor\u00e1 prispieva k efekt\u00edvnemu riadeniu podnikania.<br \/>\nVytvorenie modelu optimaliz\u00e1cie IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Microsoft je podmienen\u00e9 mnoh\u00fdmi rokmi nahromaden\u00fdch sk\u00fasenost\u00ed v priemysle a samotnej spolo\u010dnosti, ako aj \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fdm uplatnen\u00edm t\u00fdchto sk\u00fasenost\u00ed v praxi. Tento model vych\u00e1dza z modelu zrelosti IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary IMM od Gartner a modelu zrelosti AMM od MIT.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00fdm cie\u013eom, ktor\u00fd bol stanoven\u00fd na za\u010diatku pri v\u00fdvoji modelu optimaliz\u00e1cie IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary od spolo\u010dnosti Microsoft, bolo n\u00e1js\u0165 flexibiln\u00fd a jednoduch\u00fd sp\u00f4sob aplik\u00e1cie modelu, ktor\u00fd by nesk\u00f4r bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 jednoducho realizova\u0165 ako referen\u010dn\u00fd test na ur\u010denie technick\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary a jej hodnoty pre podnik.<\/p>\n<p>Prv\u00fdm krokom pri aplik\u00e1cii tohto modelu v praxi bude hodnotenie \u00farovne zrelosti IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary podniku v r\u00e1mci tohto modelu, nasleduj\u00facim krokom bude pl\u00e1novanie ciest rozvoja infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, ktor\u00e9 zabezpe\u010dia dosiahnutie po\u017eadovanej \u00farovne zrelosti.<\/p>\n<h3>Basic<\/h3>\n<p>\nCharakterizuje sa IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fara na z\u00e1kladnej \u00farovni zrelosti pr\u00edtomnos\u0165ou mnoh\u00fdch procesov, ktor\u00e9 sa vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa manu\u00e1lne, minim\u00e1lnou centraliz\u00e1ciou riadenia a nepripravenos\u0165ou alebo absenciou polit\u00edk a \u0161tandardov bezpe\u010dnosti infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, spr\u00e1vy syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch obrazov, z\u00e1lohovania a nedodr\u017eiavan\u00edm in\u00fdch \u0161tandardov informa\u010dn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed. Podnik si nie je ist\u00fd detailmi existuj\u00facej IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary a ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa vedomosti o taktick\u00fdch krokoch na jej moderniz\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00e9 by mohli prinies\u0165 maxim\u00e1lny efekt. Prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e1 schopnos\u0165 slu\u017eieb a aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed je nezn\u00e1ma z d\u00f4vodu nedostatku vhodn\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov a zdrojov. Ch\u00fdba mechanizmus zdie\u013eania nahromaden\u00fdch znalost\u00ed medzi jednotliv\u00fdmi oddeleniami organiz\u00e1cie. Organiz\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, s\u00fa v zlo\u017eitej situ\u00e1cii a nem\u00f4\u017eu spravova\u0165 svoje prostredia, n\u00e1klady na <a href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/server\/dts-dronten\/\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3355\">riadenie serverov<\/a> a PC sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa mimoriadne vysok\u00fdmi, zranite\u013enos\u0165 vo\u010di ak\u00fdmko\u013evek \u00fatokom a hrozb\u00e1m sa zvy\u0161uje, a v d\u00f4sledku toho trp\u00ed biznis, ktor\u00fd z\u00edskava minim\u00e1lny prospech z informa\u010dn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00e9 nasadenie alebo aktualiz\u00e1cia slu\u017eieb \u010di aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed si v tomto pr\u00edpade vy\u017eaduje zna\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a \u00fasilie. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 organiz\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na z\u00e1kladnej \u00farovni zrelosti IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, v\u00fdrazne z\u00edskavaj\u00fa prechodom na \u0161tandardizovan\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 (Standardized) zrelosti, fakticky zni\u017euj\u00fac n\u00e1klady v\u010faka: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>zni\u017eovaniu riz\u00edk spojen\u00fdch s bezpe\u010dnos\u0165ou zaveden\u00edm viacvrstvovej obrany (ide o pr\u00edstup, ktor\u00fd sa vyzna\u010duje zabezpe\u010den\u00edm na viacer\u00fdch \u00farovniach: na \u00farovni <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/server\/\"   title=\"serverov\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1284\">serverov<\/a>, aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, PC a po celom obvode siete);\n<\/li>\n<li>implement\u00e1cii automatizovanej namiesto manu\u00e1lnej a \u010dasovo n\u00e1ro\u010dnej oper\u00e1cie;\n<\/li>\n<li>zav\u00e1dzaniu osved\u010den\u00fdch postupov (r\u00f4zne kni\u017enice IT: Infrastructure Library, SANS a in\u00e9);\n<\/li>\n<li>vypracovaniu polit\u00edk a \u0161tandardov, a strat\u00e9gi\u00ed ich uplatnenia.\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>\u0160tandardizovan\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 zrelosti (Standardized)<\/h3>\n<p>\nV IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fare \u0161tandardizovanej \u00farovne sa za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa objavova\u0165 jasne definovan\u00e9 body riadenia v\u010faka aplik\u00e1cii polit\u00edk a \u0161tandardov spr\u00e1vy serverov a osobn\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov, pravidl\u00e1m pripojenia po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov k sieti, spr\u00e1ve zdrojov na z\u00e1klade Active Directory, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdm politik\u00e1m a riadeniu pr\u00edstupu. Podniky, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa IT infra\u0161trukt\u00faru na \u00farovni zrelosti Standardized, u\u017e efekt\u00edvne aplikuj\u00fa v\u0161etky najlep\u0161ie z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 politiky a \u0161tandardy, ale st\u00e1le reaguj\u00fa na probl\u00e9my len vtedy, ke\u010f s\u00fa u\u017e pr\u00edtomn\u00e9. Nasadenie a aktualiz\u00e1cie nov\u00fdch slu\u017eieb\/aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed zvy\u010dajne vy\u017eaduj\u00fa n\u00e1klady v r\u00e1mci prijate\u013en\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu, no niekedy n\u00e1klady zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa vysok\u00e9. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti m\u00e1 tak\u00e1to spolo\u010dnos\u0165 nejak\u00fa preh\u013eadn\u00fa datab\u00e1zu invent\u00e1rnych inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o hardv\u00e9r-software a za\u010d\u00edna spravova\u0165 licencie. Blokovan\u00edm perimetra siete sa zvy\u0161uje ochrana pred vonkaj\u0161\u00edmi hrozbami, no vn\u00fatorn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 je na n\u00edzkej \u00farovni. Podniky so \u0161tandardizovanou \u00farov\u0148ou zrelosti IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary v\u017edy iba profituj\u00fa z prechodu na racionalizovan\u00fa \u00farove\u0148, pri\u010dom z\u00edskavaj\u00fa najvy\u0161\u0161iu kontrolu nad celou IT infra\u0161trukt\u00farou, ako aj procesy a politiky zameran\u00e9 na proakt\u00edvne reakcie na r\u00f4zne situ\u00e1cie, od pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch katastrof po zmeny trhovej konjunkt\u00fary.<\/p>\n<h3>Racionalizovan\u00fd (Rationalized) \u00farove\u0148 zrelosti<\/h3>\n<p>\nTento \u00farove\u0148 zrelosti IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary organiz\u00e1cie sa vyzna\u010duje minim\u00e1lnymi n\u00e1kladmi na spr\u00e1vu serverov a stacion\u00e1rnych po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov, politiky a procesy sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdmi pri roz\u0161irovan\u00ed a podpore podnikania. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 pozornos\u0165 v ochrane je venovan\u00e1 prevent\u00edvnym opatreniam, spolo\u010dnos\u0165 predv\u00eddate\u013ene a r\u00fdchlo reaguje na ak\u00e9ko\u013evek hrozby bezpe\u010dnosti. Aplik\u00e1cia nasadenia pod\u013ea princ\u00edpu \u201eZero touch\u201c (plne automatizovan\u00e9 nasadenie s minim\u00e1lnym zapojen\u00edm oper\u00e1torov) zni\u017euje n\u00e1klady, ako aj \u010das potrebn\u00fd na in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu aktualiz\u00e1ci\u00ed a pravdepodobnos\u0165 technick\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov. Po\u010det obrazov syst\u00e9mov (images) je minim\u00e1lny a proces spr\u00e1vy stacion\u00e1rnych po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov si vy\u017eaduje mal\u00e9 \u00fasilie. V podniku sa vytv\u00e1ra datab\u00e1za, ktor\u00e1 obsahuje vy\u010derp\u00e1vaj\u00face inform\u00e1cie o hardv\u00e9rovo-softv\u00e9rovom vybaven\u00ed. V d\u00f4sledku toho sa n\u00e1kup novej po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovej techniky a licenci\u00ed na softv\u00e9r realizuje cielen\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, bez n\u00e1kladov na zbyto\u010dn\u00e9. Dosiahnut\u00edm dynamickej \u00farovne zrelosti, IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fara so zefekt\u00edvnenou \u00farov\u0148ou poskytuje podnikaniu mno\u017estvo v\u00fdhod: podnik je schopn\u00fd zav\u00e1dza\u0165 alternat\u00edvne a najnov\u0161ie technol\u00f3gie potrebn\u00e9 na dosiahnutie nov\u00fdch cie\u013eov a obchodn\u00fdch \u00faloh, pri\u010dom zisk v\u00fdrazne prevy\u0161uje dodato\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady.<\/p>\n<h3>Dynamick\u00e1 (Dynamic) \u00farove\u0148 zrelosti<\/h3>\n<p>\nV organiz\u00e1cii s IT infra\u0161trukt\u00farou, ktor\u00e1 dosiahla dynamick\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 zrelosti, existuje \u00fapln\u00e9 pochopenie strategickej hodnoty tejto infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, ktor\u00e1 prispieva k efekt\u00edvnemu riadeniu podnikania a neust\u00e1lemu predch\u00e1dzaniu konkurentom. V\u0161etky n\u00e1klady s\u00fa plne kontrolovan\u00e9, pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 potrebn\u00e9 \u00fadaje pre ich pr\u00e1cu, bez oh\u013eadu na to, na ak\u00fdch serveroch sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa. Taktie\u017e je dobre a efekt\u00edvne organizovan\u00e1 spolupr\u00e1ca na \u00farovni zamestnancov, ako aj \u0161truktur\u00e1lnych oddelen\u00ed; mobiln\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvatelia maj\u00fa pr\u00edstup k prakticky rovnakej podpore ako v kancel\u00e1rii. Procesy sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa plne automatizovan\u00fdmi a pravidelne s\u00fa integrovan\u00e9 priamo do IT syst\u00e9mov, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje riadi\u0165 tieto syst\u00e9my v s\u00falade s potrebami podnikania. R\u00fdchly a predv\u00eddate\u013en\u00fd n\u00e1vrat invest\u00edci\u00ed pre podnikanie prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa dodato\u010dn\u00e9 invest\u00edcie do technol\u00f3gi\u00ed. Pou\u017eitie syst\u00e9mov s podporou karant\u00e9ny (quarantine-like systems) a softv\u00e9ru s automatick\u00fdm aktualizovan\u00edm (self provisioning software), ktor\u00e9 zaru\u010duj\u00fa spr\u00e1vne riadenie aktualiz\u00e1ci\u00ed a dodr\u017eiavanie stanoven\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch polit\u00edk, umo\u017e\u0148uje podnikom s dynamickou \u00farov\u0148ou zrelosti IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary automatizova\u0165 procesy, \u010d\u00edm zvy\u0161uj\u00fa ich spo\u013eahlivos\u0165. Tento form\u00e1t prispieva k zni\u017eovaniu n\u00e1kladov a maximalizovaniu \u00farovn\u00ed slu\u017eieb. 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