{"id":30623,"date":"2019-10-31T21:36:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:36:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:34","slug":"klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/klasternoe-hranilishhe-dlya-nebolshih-web-klasterov-na-baze-drbd-ocfs2","title":{"rendered":"Klastrov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko pre mal\u00e9 webov\u00e9 klastre postaven\u00e9 na drbd+ocfs2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>O \u010dom budeme rozpr\u00e1va\u0165:<\/b><br \/>\nAko r\u00fdchlo nasadi\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko pre dva servery zalo\u017een\u00e9 na rie\u0161eniach drbd+ocfs2. <\/p>\n<p><b>Pre koho to bude u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9:<\/b><br \/>\nTento tutori\u00e1l bude u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm administr\u00e1torom a v\u0161etk\u00fdm, ktor\u00ed si vyberaj\u00fa sp\u00f4sob realiz\u00e1cie \u00falo\u017eiska alebo chc\u00fa vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 rie\u0161enie.<\/p>\n<h3>Od ak\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed sme upustili a pre\u010do<\/h3>\n<p>\n\u010casto sa stret\u00e1vame so situ\u00e1ciou, ke\u010f potrebujeme zrealizova\u0165 na malom webovom klastri spolo\u010dn\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko s dobr\u00fdmi parametrami v\u00fdkonu pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed a z\u00e1pise. Sk\u00fasili sme r\u00f4zne mo\u017enosti realiz\u00e1cie spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017eiska pre na\u0161e projekty, no m\u00e1lo \u010do n\u00e1s dok\u00e1zalo uspokoji\u0165 naraz vo viacer\u00fdch aspektoch. Teraz v\u00e1m povieme, pre\u010do.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Glusterfs n\u00e1s neuspokojilo v\u00fdkonom pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed a z\u00e1pise, objavili sa probl\u00e9my so s\u00fabe\u017en\u00fdm \u010d\u00edtan\u00edm ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva s\u00faborov, bola vysok\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e na CPU. Probl\u00e9m s \u010d\u00edtan\u00edm s\u00faborov sa dal vyrie\u0161i\u0165 priamym pr\u00edstupom na bricky, ale to nie je v\u017edy aplikovate\u013en\u00e9 a celkovo to nie je spr\u00e1vne. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ceph n\u00e1s nepresved\u010dil nadmernou zlo\u017eitostou, ktor\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u0161kodliv\u00e1 pri projektoch s 2-4 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/server\/dts-dusseldorf\/\"   title=\"servermi\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3413\">servermi<\/a>, najm\u00e4 ak projekt nesk\u00f4r spravuj\u00fa. Op\u00e4\u0165 s\u00fa tu v\u00e1\u017ene obmedzenia v\u00fdkonu, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa budovanie samostatn\u00fdch storage klastrov, podobne ako s glusterfs. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Pou\u017e\u00edvanie jedn\u00e9ho nfs servera na realiz\u00e1ciu spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017eiska vyvol\u00e1va ot\u00e1zky pokia\u013e ide o odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di zlyhaniu. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> s3 \u2014 vynikaj\u00face ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9 rie\u0161enie pre niektor\u00e9 \u00falohy, ale nie je to ani s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, \u010do obmedzuje oblasti pou\u017eitia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>lsyncd. Ak u\u017e hovor\u00edme o \u201ene-s\u00faborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch\u201c, stoj\u00ed za to sa zamyslie\u0165 aj nad t\u00fdmto popul\u00e1rnym rie\u0161en\u00edm. Nielen\u017ee nie je vhodn\u00e9 na obojsmern\u00fa v\u00fdmenu (ale ak ve\u013emi chce\u0161, d\u00e1 sa to), navy\u0161e stabilne nefunguje pri ve\u013ekom po\u010dte s\u00faborov. Pr\u00edjemn\u00fdm doplnkom je, \u017ee je jednof\u00f3nne. Pr\u00ed\u010dina spo\u010d\u00edva v architekt\u00fare programu: pou\u017e\u00edva inotify na monitorovanie objektov pr\u00e1ce, ktor\u00e9 prip\u00e1ja pri spusten\u00ed a pri op\u00e4tovnom skenovan\u00ed. Na prenos sa pou\u017e\u00edva rsync. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Tutori\u00e1l: ako nasadi\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko zalo\u017een\u00e9 na drbd+ocfs2<\/h3>\n<p>\nJedn\u00fdm z najpohodlnej\u0161\u00edch rie\u0161en\u00ed pre n\u00e1s sa stala kombin\u00e1cia <b>ocfs2+drbd<\/b>Teraz v\u00e1m uk\u00e1\u017eeme, ako r\u00fdchlo nastavi\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko pre dvoch <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/server\/\"   title=\"serverov\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1291\">serverov<\/a> na b\u00e1ze rie\u0161en\u00ed datab\u00e1z. Ale najprv trochu o komponentoch:<\/p>\n<p><b>DRBD<\/b> je syst\u00e9m ukladania, ktor\u00fd je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou \u0161tandardnej dod\u00e1vky Linuxu a umo\u017e\u0148uje replik\u00e1ciu d\u00e1t medzi servermi blokmi. Hlavn\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00fa v vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed vysoko dostupn\u00fdch \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n<p><b>OCFS2<\/b> je s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje zdie\u013ean\u00e9 pou\u017eitie toho ist\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017eiska viacer\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami. Je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou dod\u00e1vky Linuxu a predstavuje modul jadra a n\u00e1stroje pre pr\u00e1cu so s\u00faborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom. OCFS2 m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 nielen na DRBD, ale aj na iSCSI s viacer\u00fdmi pripojeniami. V na\u0161om pr\u00edklade pou\u017e\u00edvame DRBD.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161etky kroky sa vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa na Ubuntu Server 18.04 v minim\u00e1lnej konfigur\u00e1cii.<\/p>\n<p><b>Krok 1. Nastavujeme DRBD:<br \/>\n<\/b><br \/>\nV s\u00fabore \/etc\/drbd.d\/drbd0.res popisujeme na\u0161e virtu\u00e1lne blokov\u00e9 zariadenie \/dev\/drbd0:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">resource drbd0 {\n    syncer { rate 1000M; }\n    net {\n        allow-two-primaries;\n        after-sb-0pri discard-zero-changes;\n        after-sb-1pri discard-secondary;\n        after-sb-2pri disconnect;\n    }\n    startup { become-primary-on both; }\n    on drbd1 {\n        meta-disk internal;\n        device \/dev\/drbd0;\n        disk \/dev\/vdb1;\n        address 10.10.10.192:7789;\n}\n    on drbd2 {\n        meta-disk internal;\n        device \/dev\/drbd0;\n        disk \/dev\/vdb1;\n        address 10.10.10.193:7789;\n}\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<i>meta-disk internal<\/i> \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 rovnak\u00e9 blokov\u00e9 zariadenia na uchov\u00e1vanie metad\u00e1t<br \/>\n<i>device \/dev\/drbd0<\/i> \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 \/dev\/drbd0 ako cestu k drbd.<br \/>\n<i>disk \/dev\/vdb1<\/i> \u2014 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 \/dev\/vdb1 <br \/>\n<i>syncer { rate 1000M; }<\/i> \u2014 vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 gigabitov\u00fa priepustnos\u0165 kan\u00e1la<br \/>\n<i>allow-two-primaries<\/i> \u2014 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje prij\u00edma\u0165 zmeny na dvoch prim\u00e1rnych serveroch<br \/>\n<i>after-sb-0pri, after-sb-1pri, after-sb-2pri<\/i> \u2014 mo\u017enosti, ktor\u00e9 ur\u010duj\u00fa akcie uzla pri zisten\u00ed rozdelenia. Podrobnosti n\u00e1jdete v dokument\u00e1cii.<br \/>\n<i>become-primary-on both<\/i> \u2014 nastavuje obe uzly ako prim\u00e1rne.<\/p>\n<p>V na\u0161om pr\u00edpade m\u00e1me dve \u00faplne identick\u00e9 VM, s vyhradenou virtu\u00e1lnou sie\u0165ou s priepustnos\u0165ou 10 gigabitov.<\/p>\n<p>V na\u0161om pr\u00edklade sa sie\u0165ov\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy dvoch uzlov klastera naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa drbd1 a drbd2. Pre spr\u00e1vnu funk\u010dnos\u0165 je potrebn\u00e9 zodpovedaj\u00faco priradi\u0165 v \/etc\/hosts n\u00e1zvy a IP adresy uzlov.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">10.10.10.192 drbd1\n10.10.10.193 drbd2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b>Krok 2. Nastavujeme uzly:<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Na oboch serveroch vykon\u00e1vame:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm create-md drbd0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastrov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko pre mal\u00e9 webov\u00e9 klastre postaven\u00e9 na drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/38b0a4a4fc60ac617abfad6e8f755ae7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">modprobe drbd\ndrbdadm up drbd0\ncat \/proc\/drbd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nZ\u00edskavame nasledovn\u00e9:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastrov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko pre mal\u00e9 webov\u00e9 klastre postaven\u00e9 na drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/91c48ed32cd1471e4076934d041966d8.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nM\u00f4\u017eeme spusti\u0165 synchroniz\u00e1ciu. Na prvom uzle je potrebn\u00e9 vykona\u0165:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm primary --force drbd0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nSledujeme stav:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">cat \/proc\/drbd<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastrov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko pre mal\u00e9 webov\u00e9 klastre postaven\u00e9 na drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/b94b54b1050595bec774adf6c5190968.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nSkvele, synchroniz\u00e1cia sa za\u010dala. \u010cak\u00e1me na jej dokon\u010denie a vid\u00edme v\u00fdsledok:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastrov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko pre mal\u00e9 webov\u00e9 klastre postaven\u00e9 na drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/7f9e2d3664d3a578c74e72b8bc4c1a7f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Krok 3. Sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ame synchroniz\u00e1ciu na druhej node:<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">drbdadm primary --force drbd0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nZ\u00edskavame nasledovn\u00e9:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastrov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko pre mal\u00e9 webov\u00e9 klastre postaven\u00e9 na drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/ad3d616ca84fa26a18574f433bb7d9fe.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nTeraz m\u00f4\u017eeme zapisova\u0165 do drbd z dvoch serverov.<\/p>\n<p><b>Krok 4. In\u0161tal\u00e1cia a konfigur\u00e1cia ocfs2.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Budeme pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 dos\u0165 trivi\u00e1lnu konfigur\u00e1ciu:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">cluster:\n     node_count = 2\n     name = ocfs2cluster\n\nnode:\n     number = 1\n     cluster = ocfs2cluster\n     ip_port = 7777\n     ip_address = 10.10.10.192\n     name = drbd1\n\nnode:\n     number = 2\n     cluster = ocfs2cluster\n     ip_port = 7777\n     ip_address = 10.10.10.193\n     name = drbd2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nJe potrebn\u00e9 zap\u00edsa\u0165 do <i>\/etc\/ocfs2\/cluster.conf<\/i> na oboch nodoch.<\/p>\n<p>Vytv\u00e1rame FS na drbd0 na \u013eubovo\u013enej node:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">mkfs.ocfs2 -L \"testVol\" \/dev\/drbd0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nTu sme vytvorili FS s ozna\u010den\u00edm testVol na drbd0, pri\u010dom sme pou\u017eili predvolen\u00e9 parametre.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Klastrov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko pre mal\u00e9 webov\u00e9 klastre postaven\u00e9 na drbd+ocfs2\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/d147b91ca6f39d846023d8b5c35a240e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV \/etc\/default\/o2cb je potrebn\u00e9 nastavi\u0165 (ako v na\u0161ej konfigura\u010dnej s\u00fabore)<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">O2CB_ENABLED=true \nO2CB_BOOTCLUSTER=ocfs2cluster <\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\na vykona\u0165 na ka\u017edej node:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">o2cb register-cluster ocfs2cluster<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nPotom zapneme a prid\u00e1me do automatick\u00e9ho sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania v\u0161etky potrebn\u00e9 jednotky:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">systemctl enable drbd o2cb ocfs2\nsystemctl start drbd o2cb ocfs2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n\u010cas\u0165 z toho u\u017e bude spusten\u00e1 v priebehu konfigur\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p><b>Krok 5. Prid\u00e1vame body pripojenia do fstab na oboch nodoch:<\/b><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"bash\">\/dev\/drbd0 \/media\/shared ocfs2 defaults,noauto,heartbeat=local 0 0<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\nAdres\u00e1r <i>\/media\/shared<\/i> mus\u00ed by\u0165 vytvoren\u00fd vopred.<\/p>\n<p>Tu pou\u017e\u00edvame mo\u017enosti noauto, \u010do znamen\u00e1, \u017ee FS nebude pripojen\u00e1 pri \u0161tarte (preferujem pripojova\u0165 sie\u0165ov\u00e9 FS cez systemd) a heartbeat=local, \u010do znamen\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edvanie slu\u017eby heartbeat na ka\u017edej node. Existuje tie\u017e global heartbeat, ktor\u00fd je viac vhodn\u00fd pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie clustre.<\/p>\n<p>\u010ealej m\u00f4\u017eeme pripoji\u0165 <i>\/media\/shared<\/i> a skontrolova\u0165 synchroniz\u00e1ciu obsahu.<\/p>\n<p><b>Hotovo!<\/b> Ako v\u00fdsledok dost\u00e1vame viac-menej odoln\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko s mo\u017enos\u0165ou \u0161k\u00e1lovania a slu\u0161nou v\u00fdkonnos\u0165ou.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/445612\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c: \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 drbd+ocfs2. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e: \u0422\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041e\u0442 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