{"id":30682,"date":"2019-10-31T21:36:52","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/bekap-istorii-sem-izobretatelej-o-kotoryh-vy-vozmozhno-ne-slyshali\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:36:52","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:52","slug":"bekap-istorii-sem-izobretatelej-o-kotoryh-vy-vozmozhno-ne-slyshali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/bekap-istorii-sem-izobretatelej-o-kotoryh-vy-vozmozhno-ne-slyshali","title":{"rendered":"Z\u00e1lohovanie hist\u00f3rie: sedem vyn\u00e1lezcov, o ktor\u00fdch ste mo\u017eno nepo\u010duli","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

31. marca sa vo svete oslavuje Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd de\u0148 z\u00e1lohovania \u2014 a tento rok u\u017e po piatykr\u00e1t vykon\u00e1vame prieskum zameran\u00fd na z\u00e1lohovanie. S v\u00fdsledkami sa m\u00f4\u017eete obozn\u00e1mi\u0165 na na\u0161ich str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch<\/a><\/noindex>. Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee pod\u013ea prieskumu 92,7 % spotrebite\u013eov z\u00e1lohuje svoje \u00fadaje aspo\u0148 raz ro\u010dne \u2014 to je o 24 % viac ne\u017e v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom roku. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 65 % respondentov priznalo, \u017ee oni alebo ich pr\u00edbuzn\u00ed stratili \u00fadaje n\u00e1hodou alebo v d\u00f4sledku por\u00fach zariadenia\/softv\u00e9ru za posledn\u00fd rok. A to je takmer o 30 % viac ne\u017e v roku 2018!<\/p>\n

\"Z\u00e1lohovanie
\n
\nAko vidno, aj v pr\u00edpade po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovej pam\u00e4te z\u00e1loha nepom\u00e1ha v\u0161etk\u00fdm. Nieto hovori\u0165 o zlo\u017eitej\u0161ej a zamotanej historickej pam\u00e4ti. Kv\u00f4li jej nedostatkom mnoh\u00ed v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00ed myslitelia nedost\u00e1vaj\u00fa zasl\u00fa\u017een\u00e9 uznanie ani za \u017eivota, ani po smrti. Ich men\u00e1 a z\u00e1sluhy s\u00fa \u00faplne zabudnut\u00e9, a objavy sa pripisuj\u00fa tret\u00edm osob\u00e1m.<\/p>\n

V tomto pr\u00edspevku sa pok\u00fasime o \u010diasto\u010dn\u00fa z\u00e1lohu historickej pam\u00e4te a pripomenieme si niektor\u00fdch takmer zabudnut\u00fdch vedcov a vyn\u00e1lezcov, ktor\u00fdch pr\u00e1ca m\u00e1 dnes k n\u00e1m v\u00fdznam. A na konci \u2014 porozpr\u00e1vame o na\u0161om novom R&D oddelen\u00ed v Bulharsku<\/i>, kde akt\u00edvne h\u013ead\u00e1me odborn\u00edkov.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Antonio Meucci \u2013 zabudnut\u00fd vyn\u00e1lezca telef\u00f3nu<\/h2>\n

\nV\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed je presved\u010den\u00e1, \u017ee vyn\u00e1lezcom telefonickej komunik\u00e1cie je \u0161k\u00f3t Alexander Graham Bell. Av\u0161ak, Bell nemal a ani nem\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo by\u0165 naz\u00fdvan\u00fd \u201eotcom telef\u00f3nie\u201c. Prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t objavil sp\u00f4sob prenosu zvuku prostredn\u00edctvom elektriny a dr\u00f4tov Antonio Meucci. Tento Talian n\u00e1hodou vyna\u0161iel telef\u00f3n. Vykon\u00e1val pokusy v medic\u00edne a vyv\u00edjal met\u00f3du lie\u010denia \u013eud\u00ed pomocou elektriny. V jednom z experimentov pripojil gener\u00e1tor a jeho pokusn\u00fd subjekt nahlas vyslovil nejak\u00fa fr\u00e1zu. K jeho prekvapeniu bol hlas asistenta reprodukovan\u00fd zariaden\u00edm. Vyn\u00e1lezca sa za\u010dal zaobera\u0165 pr\u00ed\u010dinou a o chv\u00ed\u013eu skon\u0161truoval prv\u00fd prototyp syst\u00e9mu prenosu hlasu po dr\u00f4toch.<\/p>\n

\"Z\u00e1lohovanie
\n
\nAv\u0161ak Antonio Meucci nebol \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd podnikate\u013e a jeho objav bol jednoducho ukradnut\u00fd. Po tom, \u010do sa spr\u00e1va o vyn\u00e1leze Talian bola zverejnen\u00e1 v tla\u010di, pri\u0161iel do vedcovho domu z\u00e1stupca firmy Western Union. Bol \u0161tedr\u00fd na komplimenty a pon\u00fakol Antonovi slu\u0161n\u00fa odmenu za jeho vyn\u00e1lez. D\u00f4ver\u010div\u00fd Talian okam\u017eite \u201evyzradil\u201c v\u0161etky technick\u00e9 podrobnosti svojho prototypu telef\u00f3nu. O nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed nesk\u00f4r Meucci dostal \u00fader do chrbta \u2013 v novin\u00e1ch sa objavila spr\u00e1va o Belle, ktor\u00fd predv\u00e1dzal funk\u010dnos\u0165 telef\u00f3nneho pr\u00edstroja. A jeho \u201eshow\u201c sponzorovala Western Union. Antonio jednoducho nedok\u00e1zal preuk\u00e1za\u0165 svoje pr\u00e1va na vyn\u00e1lez, zomrel v chudobe kv\u00f4li s\u00fadnym n\u00e1kladom.<\/p>\n

A\u017e v roku 2002 Kongres USA rehabilitoval meno vyn\u00e1lezcu, ke\u010f publikoval rezol\u00faciu 269, v ktorej je Antonio Meucci uznan\u00fd za skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho vyn\u00e1lezcu telefonickej komunik\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Rosalind Franklin \u2013 priekopn\u00ed\u010dka DNA<\/h2>\n

\n\"Z\u00e1lohovanie
\n
\nAnglick\u00e1 biofyzi\u010dka a r\u00f6ntgenografka Rosalind Franklin je jasn\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom diskrimin\u00e1cie \u017eien-vedk\u00fd\u0148. V vedeckej komunite stredn\u00e9ho veku to bolo \u010dast\u00fdm javom. Rosalind sa zaoberala \u0161t\u00fadiom \u0161trukt\u00fary DNA a prv\u00e1 ur\u010dila, \u017ee DNA sa sklad\u00e1 z dvoch re\u0165azcov a fosf\u00e1tov\u00e9ho r\u00e1mca. Svoj objav, potvrden\u00fd r\u00f6ntgenov\u00fdmi sn\u00edmkami, uk\u00e1zala svojim kolegom \u2013 Francisovi Crickovi a Jamesovi Watsonovi. Nakoniec pr\u00e1ve oni z\u00edskali Nobelovu cenu za objav \u0161trukt\u00fary DNA, zatia\u013e \u010do na Rosalind Franklinov\u00fa v\u0161etci nez\u00fa\u010dastnene zabudli.<\/p>\n

Boris R\u00f3zing \u2013 skuto\u010dn\u00fd vyn\u00e1lezca telev\u00edzora<\/h2>\n

\n\"Z\u00e1lohovanie
\n
\nBorisa R\u00f3zing, rusk\u00e9ho vedca s holandsk\u00fdmi kore\u0148mi, mo\u017eno pova\u017eova\u0165 za otca telev\u00edznej techniky, preto\u017ee ako prv\u00fd skon\u0161truoval elektronick\u00fd kat\u00f3dov\u00fd l\u00fa\u010d. Hoci syst\u00e9my na prenos obrazov existovali aj pred objavom Borisa R\u00f3zing, v\u0161etky mali v\u00fdznamn\u00fd nedostatok \u2013 boli \u010diasto\u010dne mechanick\u00e9.<\/p>\n

V kat\u00f3de Rozinga sa elektronov\u00fd l\u00fa\u010d odch\u00fdlil pomocou magnetick\u00e9ho po\u013ea induk\u010dn\u00fdch cievok. V zariaden\u00ed na prenos sa pou\u017e\u00edval bezinercion\u00e1lny fotodetektor s vonkaj\u0161\u00edm fotoefektom a prij\u00edmacie zariadenie bolo syst\u00e9mom na riadenie kat\u00f3dov\u00e9ho pr\u00fadu a elektr\u00f3nkovou trubicou s fluorescen\u010dn\u00fdm displejom. Syst\u00e9m Rozinga umo\u017enil sa vzda\u0165 opticko-mechanick\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed na prenos obrazov v prospech elektronick\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

V rokoch sovietskej moci sa Boris Rozing dostal do nemilosti \u2014 bol zatknut\u00fd za pomoc kontrarevolucion\u00e1rom a vyhnan\u00fd do Archangelskej oblasti bez pr\u00e1va pracova\u0165. A hoci mu v\u010faka podpore kolegov po roku podarilo pres\u0165ahova\u0165 sa do Archangelska a nast\u00fapi\u0165 na katedru fyziky Archangelsk\u00e9ho lesn\u00edckeho in\u0161tit\u00fatu, zdravie malo naru\u0161en\u00e9 \u2014 o rok nesk\u00f4r zomrel. Sovietsk\u00e1 moc o tom neinformovala a titul \u201evyn\u00e1lezcu telev\u00edzora\u201c z\u00edskal \u017eiak Borisa Rozinga Vladimir Zvorikyn. Ten v\u0161ak nikdy neskr\u00fdval, \u017ee v\u0161etky svoje vyn\u00e1lezy robil na z\u00e1klade my\u0161lienok svojho u\u010dite\u013ea. <\/p>\n

Lev Termen \u2013 klenot rusk\u00e9ho vedy<\/h2>\n

\n\"Z\u00e1lohovanie
\n
\nS menom tohto vedca s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 mnoh\u00e9 zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 vyn\u00e1lezy, ktor\u00fdch by bolo dos\u0165 na skuto\u010dn\u00fd \u0161pion\u00e1\u017eny rom\u00e1n. Medzi nimi je hudobn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj teremin, syst\u00e9m telev\u00edzneho prenosu \u201eDoh\u013ead\u201c, bezpilotn\u00e9 leteck\u00e9 prostriedky ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 r\u00e1diom (predchodcovia modern\u00fdch kr\u00eddlat\u00fdch rakiet), syst\u00e9m odpo\u010d\u00favania \u201eBuran\u201c, ktor\u00fd \u010d\u00edtal inform\u00e1cie z vibr\u00e1ci\u00ed skla v miestnosti. Ale najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edm vyn\u00e1lezom Termena je prenosov\u00e9 zariadenie \u201eZlatoust\u201c, ktor\u00e9 po\u010das siedmich rokov dod\u00e1valo tajn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie priamo z pracovnej kancel\u00e1rie americk\u00e9ho ve\u013evyslanca v ZSSR.<\/p>\n

Kon\u0161trukcia \u201eZlatoust\u201c bola jedine\u010dn\u00e1. Pracoval ako detektorov\u00fd prij\u00edma\u010d na energii r\u00e1diov\u00fdch v\u013an, v\u010faka \u010domu bolo zariadenie tak dlho neodhalen\u00e9 \u0161peci\u00e1lnymi slu\u017ebami USA. Sovietsk\u00e9 spravodajsk\u00e9 slu\u017eby \u017eiarili mocn\u00fdm zdrojom na frekvencii rezon\u00e1tora na budovu americk\u00e9ho ve\u013evyslanectva, po \u010dom sa zariadenie \u201ezaplo\u201c a za\u010dalo vysiela\u0165 zvuk z kancel\u00e1rie ve\u013evyslanca.<\/p>\n

\"Z\u00e1lohovanie
\n
\n\u201e\u0160pi\u00f3n\u201c bol skryt\u00fd v dekorat\u00edvnej, vyrez\u00e1vanej k\u00f3pii Ve\u013ekej pe\u010date Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov, ktor\u00fa americk\u00e9mu ve\u013evyslancovi venovali pionieri \u201eArtek\u201c. Zalo\u017eenie objavili \u00faplne n\u00e1hodou. Ale aj po tom americk\u00ed odborn\u00edci dlho nedok\u00e1zali pochopi\u0165, ako to vlastne funguje. Z\u00e1padn\u00fdm vedcom trvalo rok a pol, k\u00fdm sa s touto \u00falohou vysporiadali a vytvorili aspo\u0148 pribli\u017en\u00fd funk\u010dn\u00fd anal\u00f3g \u201eZlatoust\u201c.<\/p>\n

Dieter Rams: in\u0161pir\u00e1tor dizajnu elektroniky Apple<\/h2>\n

\n\"Z\u00e1lohovanie
\n
\nMeno Dietera Ramsa je sp\u00e4t\u00e9 so spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Braun, v ktorej p\u00f4sobil ako priemyseln\u00fd dizajn\u00e9r od roku 1962 do 1995. Av\u0161ak ak si mysl\u00edte, \u017ee dizajn techniky navrhnutej pod jeho veden\u00edm u\u017e nie je aktu\u00e1lny, m\u00fdlite sa.<\/p>\n

Ak sa pozriete na jeho skor\u00e9 diela, je jasn\u00e9, odkia\u013e dizajn\u00e9ri spolo\u010dnosti Apple \u010derpali svoje in\u0161pir\u00e1cie. Napr\u00edklad prenosn\u00e9 r\u00e1dio Braun T3 ve\u013emi pripom\u00edna dizajn skor\u00fdch modelov iPod. Syst\u00e9mov\u00e1 jednotka Power Mac G5 vyzer\u00e1 takmer identicky ako r\u00e1di prij\u00edma\u010d Braun T1000. Porovnajte si sami:
\n\"Z\u00e1lohovanie
\n
\nPr\u00e1ve Dieter Rams bezchybne formuloval hlavn\u00e9 princ\u00edpy modern\u00e9ho dizajnu \u2014 praktickos\u0165, jednoduchos\u0165, spo\u013eahlivos\u0165. Na ich z\u00e1klade sa vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa takmer v\u0161etky modern\u00e9 elektronick\u00e9 zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa zjemnen\u00e9 tvary a obsahuj\u00fa minimum prvkov.<\/p>\n

Mimochodom, Rams takisto stanovil niektor\u00e9 princ\u00edpy pou\u017e\u00edvania farieb v elektronike. Predov\u0161etk\u00fdm vymyslel ozna\u010di\u0165 tla\u010didlo nahr\u00e1vania \u010dervenou farbou a vynaliezol farebn\u00fa indik\u00e1ciu \u00farovne zvuku, ktor\u00e1 men\u00ed svoju farbu pri zvy\u0161ovan\u00ed amplit\u00fady.<\/p>\n

William Moggridge a Alan Kay: predkovia modern\u00fdch notebookov<\/h2>\n

\nAlan Curtis Kay je \u010fal\u0161\u00ed dizajn\u00e9r, ktor\u00e9ho pr\u00e1ca ur\u010dila vzh\u013ead osobn\u00fdch po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov a filozofiu rozhrania modernej techniky. S pr\u00edchodom mikroelektroniky sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee po\u010d\u00edta\u010d u\u017e nie je miestnos\u0165 zaplnen\u00e1 skrinkami. A pr\u00e1ve Alan vymyslel koncept prv\u00e9ho prenosn\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da. V makete jeho Dynabook, vytvorenej v roku 1968, sa \u013eahko d\u00e1 rozpozna\u0165 modern\u00fd notebook aj tablet.<\/p>\n

\"Z\u00e1lohovanie
\n
\nIn\u00fd \u010dlovek, v\u010faka ktor\u00e9mu maj\u00fa be\u017en\u00e9 zariadenia svoj s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd vzh\u013ead, je William Grant Moggridge. V roku 1979 vynalezl p\u00e1ntov\u00fd mechanizmus skladania notebookov. Tento mechanizmus sa nesk\u00f4r za\u010dal pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 aj v skladac\u00edch telef\u00f3noch, hern\u00fdch konzol\u00e1ch a in\u00fdch zariadeniach. <\/p>\n

\u00a0\"Z\u00e1lohovanie
\n
\nNa\u0161\u0165astie dnes maj\u00fa talentovan\u00ed vyn\u00e1lezcovia mnoho pr\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, ako sa predstavi\u0165 a uk\u00e1za\u0165 svoje dielo \u2013 \u010fakujeme internetu. Aj my v Acronis pracujeme na tom, aby sa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie nestr\u00e1cali. Budeme radi, ak n\u00e1m v tom pom\u00f4\u017eete.<\/p>\n

Poz\u00fdvame v\u00e1s do Acronis Bulgaria<\/h2>\n

\nV s\u00fa\u010dasnosti m\u00e1 Acronis otvoren\u00fdch 27 kancel\u00e1ri\u00ed, kde pracuje viac ako 1300 zamestnancov. Minul\u00fd rok Acronis z\u00edskal spolo\u010dnos\u0165 T-Soft, \u010do viedlo k otvoreniu nov\u00e9ho R&D centra Acronis Bulgaria v Sofii, ktor\u00e9 sa v bud\u00facnosti m\u00e1 sta\u0165 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou v\u00fdvojovou kancel\u00e1riou spolo\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

\"Z\u00e1lohovanie
\n
\nV priebehu troch rokov pl\u00e1nujeme investova\u0165 do nov\u00e9ho centra 50 mili\u00f3nov dol\u00e1rov a roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 t\u00edm na 300 zamestnancov. H\u013ead\u00e1me mno\u017estvo r\u00f4znych odborn\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed bud\u00fa rozv\u00edja\u0165 technol\u00f3gie kybernetickej ochrany, podporova\u0165 prev\u00e1dzku d\u00e1tov\u00fdch centier a vyv\u00edja\u0165 odpovedaj\u00face produkty a slu\u017eby \u2013 ide o program\u00e1torov v Python\/Go\/C++, technick\u00fdch in\u017einierov, Q&A a nie len.<\/a><\/noindex> Po\u010das s\u0165ahovania pom\u00e1hame nov\u00fdm zamestnancom s dokumentmi, da\u0148ami, interakciou s \u00faradmi a konzultujeme v\u0161etky ot\u00e1zky. Hrad\u00edme jednosmern\u00e9 letenky pre cel\u00fa rodinu zamestnanca, pr\u00edspevky na b\u00fdvanie a deti, ako aj dodato\u010dn\u00fa sumu na zariadenie bytu a ubytovac\u00ed depozit. Nakoniec organizujeme obozn\u00e1menie so krajinou a jazykov\u00fdm vzdel\u00e1van\u00edm, pom\u00e1hame otevori\u0165 bankov\u00fd \u00fa\u010det, n\u00e1js\u0165 \u0161kolu\/\u0161portov\u00fa halu a in\u00e9 zariadenia. No a samozrejme, ponech\u00e1me kontakty na pr\u00edpad n\u00fadze. <\/p>\n

\u00dapln\u00fd zoznam vo\u013en\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch miest je dostupn\u00fd<\/p>\n

, a na tej istej str\u00e1nke m\u00f4\u017eete posla\u0165 svoje CV. Budeme radi za va\u0161e reakcie! tu<\/a><\/noindex>Zdroj: vagabond.bg<\/p>\n

\"Z\u00e1lohovanie
\n
\n\"Z\u00e1lohovanie
\n
\n\"Z\u00e1lohovanie
\n31. marca oslavujeme medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fd de\u0148 z\u00e1lohovania \u2013 a tento rok po piatykr\u00e1t realizujeme prieskum venovan\u00fd z\u00e1lohovaniu.<\/i>
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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