{"id":30716,"date":"2019-10-31T21:37:05","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-zapretit-standartnye-paroli-i-zastavit-vseh-tebya-nenavidet\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:37:05","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:05","slug":"kak-zapretit-standartnye-paroli-i-zastavit-vseh-tebya-nenavidet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-zapretit-standartnye-paroli-i-zastavit-vseh-tebya-nenavidet","title":{"rendered":"Ako zak\u00e1za\u0165 \u0161tandardn\u00e9 hesl\u00e1 a don\u00fati\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u0165a nen\u00e1vidie\u0165","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u010clovek, ako je zn\u00e1me, je leniv\u00e1 bytos\u0165. <br \/>\nA zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165, ke\u010f ide o v\u00fdber siln\u00e9ho hesla.<\/p>\n<p>Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd administr\u00e1tor u\u017e niekedy narazil na probl\u00e9m s pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm jednoduch\u00fdch a \u0161tandardn\u00fdch hesiel. Tento jav sa \u010dasto vyskytuje medzi ved\u00facimi pracovn\u00edkmi spolo\u010dnosti. Presne medzi t\u00fdmi, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa pr\u00edstup k tajn\u00fdm alebo obchodn\u00fdm inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m, a ve\u013emi ne\u017eelan\u00e9 by bolo odstra\u0148ova\u0165 n\u00e1sledky \u00faniku\/vylomenia hesla a \u010fal\u0161\u00edch incidentov.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nVo svojej praxi som mal pr\u00edpad, ke\u010f v dom\u00e9ne Active Directory s povolenou politiku hesiel si \u013eudia v \u00fa\u010dtovn\u00edctve sami do\u0161li k my\u0161lienke, \u017ee heslo vo forme \u201ePas$w0rd1234\u201c skvele sp\u013a\u0148a po\u017eiadavky politiky. D\u00f4sledkom bolo roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie tohto hesla v\u0161ade a v\u017edy. Rozdiel bol niekedy len v sade \u010d\u00edslic. <\/p>\n<p>Ve\u013emi som si prial ma\u0165 mo\u017enos\u0165 nielen zapn\u00fa\u0165 politiku hesiel a ur\u010dova\u0165 sadu znakov, ale aj filtrova\u0165 pod\u013ea slovn\u00edka. Aby som vyl\u00fa\u010dil mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvania tak\u00fdchto hesiel.<\/p>\n<p>Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Microsoft n\u00e1m l\u00e1skavo oznamuje na odkaze, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd, kto vie spr\u00e1vne pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 kompil\u00e1tor, IDE a dok\u00e1\u017ee spr\u00e1vne vyslovi\u0165 C++, je schopn\u00fd s\u00e1m sebe skompilova\u0165 potrebn\u00fa kni\u017enicu a pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ju po svojom rozume. V\u00e1\u0161 pokorn\u00fd sluha na to nie je schopn\u00fd, tak\u017ee som musel h\u013eada\u0165 hotov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie.<\/p>\n<p>Po dlhom hodine h\u013eadania sa objavili dva varianty rie\u0161enia probl\u00e9mu. Samozrejme, hovor\u00edm o open source rie\u0161en\u00ed. Preto\u017ee platen\u00e9 mo\u017enosti s\u00fa od a do.<\/p>\n<p><u>Variant \u010d. 1.<\/u> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/jephthai\/OpenPasswordFilter\"><b>OpenPasswordFilter<\/b><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>\u017diadne commity u\u017e asi 2 roky. Nativny in\u0161tal\u00e1tor funguje raz a raz, treba ho upravova\u0165 ru\u010dne. Vytv\u00e1ra svoju samostatn\u00fa slu\u017ebu. Pri aktualiz\u00e1cii s\u00faboru hesiel DLL automaticky nez\u00edskava zmenen\u00fd obsah, treba zastavi\u0165 slu\u017ebu, \u010daka\u0165 \u010dasov\u00fd limit, upravi\u0165 s\u00fabor, spusti\u0165 slu\u017ebu. <\/p>\n<p><b><u>Nie je to dobr\u00e9!<\/u><\/b><\/p>\n<p><u>Variant \u010d. 2.<\/u> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ryanries\/PassFiltEx\"><b>PassFiltEx<\/b><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Projekt je akt\u00edvny, \u017eiv\u00fd a ani ho netreba dobieha\u0165.<br \/>\nIn\u0161tal\u00e1cia filtra spo\u010d\u00edva v skop\u00edrovan\u00ed dvoch s\u00faborov a vytvoren\u00ed nieko\u013ek\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov v registri. S\u00fabor hesiel nie je v pokoji, to znamen\u00e1 \u2014 je dostupn\u00fd na \u00fapravy a pod\u013ea zam\u00fd\u0161\u013eania autora projektu sa jednoducho \u010d\u00edta raz za min\u00fatu. Taktie\u017e pomocou \u010fal\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1znamov v registri je mo\u017en\u00e9 vykona\u0165 dodato\u010dn\u00e9 nastavenie ako samotn\u00e9ho filtra, tak aj nu\u00e1ns politiky hesiel.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee. <br \/>\nDan\u00e9: dom\u00e9na Active Directory test.local<br \/>\n testovacia pracovn\u00e1 stanica Windows 8.1 (pre podmienku \u00falohy \u2014 nepodstatn\u00e9)<br \/>\n filter hesiel PassFiltEx<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Stiahnite si najnov\u0161iu verziu z odkazu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ryanries\/PassFiltEx\/releases\">PassFiltEx<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li>Kop\u00edrujeme <i>PassFiltEx.dll<\/i> v <i>C:WindowsSystem32<\/i> (alebo <i>%SystemRoot%System32<\/i>).<br \/>\nKop\u00edrujeme <i>PassFiltExBlacklist.txt<\/i> v <i>C:WindowsSystem32<\/i> (alebo <i>%SystemRoot%System32<\/i>). Ak je to potrebn\u00e9, dopln\u00edme ho vlastn\u00fdmi \u0161abl\u00f3nami<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako zak\u00e1za\u0165 \u0161tandardn\u00e9 hesl\u00e1 a don\u00fati\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u0165a nen\u00e1vidie\u0165\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/c14d6bbd157b85ff4834caab40dbf0c7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>\n<\/li>\n<li>Upravujeme vetvu registra: <b>HKLMSYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlLsa<\/b> =&gt; <i>Notification Packages<\/i><br \/>\nPrid\u00e1vame <i>PassFiltEx<\/i> na konci zoznamu. (Nie je potrebn\u00e9 uv\u00e1dza\u0165 pr\u00edponu.) Kompletn\u00fd zoznam bal\u00edkov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch na kontrolu bude vyzera\u0165 takto &#171;<i>rassfm scecli PassFiltEx<\/i>&#171;.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako zak\u00e1za\u0165 \u0161tandardn\u00e9 hesl\u00e1 a don\u00fati\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u0165a nen\u00e1vidie\u0165\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/438c34e142f15140860a1f2cf9d007af.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>\n<\/li>\n<li>Re\u0161tartujeme riadiaci server dom\u00e9ny.<\/li>\n<li>Opakujeme vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fd postup pre v\u0161etky ovl\u00e1daj\u00face servery dom\u00e9ny.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTaktie\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e9 prida\u0165 nasleduj\u00face z\u00e1znamy v registri, \u010do poskytuje v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu flexibilitu pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed tohto filtra:<\/p>\n<p>Sekcia: <b>HKLMSOFTWAREPassFiltEx<\/b> \u2014 vytvor\u00ed sa automaticky.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li> <b>HKLMSOFTWAREPassFiltExBlacklistFileName<\/b>, REG_SZ, Predvolen\u00e9: PassFiltExBlacklist.txt\n<p><i>BlacklistFileName<\/i> \u2014 umo\u017e\u0148uje zada\u0165 vlastn\u00fa cestu k s\u00faboru so \u0161abl\u00f3nami hesiel. Ak m\u00e1 tento z\u00e1znam v registri pr\u00e1zdnu hodnotu alebo neexistuje, pou\u017eije sa predvolen\u00e1 cesta, a to \u2014 <i>%SystemRoot%System32<\/i>. M\u00f4\u017eete zada\u0165 dokonca aj sie\u0165ov\u00fa cestu, ALE treba ma\u0165 na pam\u00e4ti, \u017ee s\u00fabor so \u0161abl\u00f3nami mus\u00ed ma\u0165 nastaven\u00e9 jasn\u00e9 opr\u00e1vnenia na \u010d\u00edtanie, z\u00e1pis, vymazanie, zmenu.\n<\/li>\n<li> <b>HKLMSOFTWAREPassFiltExTokenPercentageOfPassword<\/b>, REG_DWORD, Predvolen\u00e9: 60\n<p><i>TokenPercentageOfPassword<\/i> \u2014 umo\u017e\u0148uje zada\u0165 percentu\u00e1lny podiel masky v novom hesle. Predvolen\u00e9 hodnoty s\u00fa 60%. Napr\u00edklad, ak je zadan\u00fd percentu\u00e1lny podiel 60 a v s\u00fabore \u0161abl\u00f3n je riadok starwars, potom heslo <b>Starwars1!<\/b> bude zamietnut\u00e9, zatia\u013e \u010do heslo <b>starwars1!DarthVader88<\/b> bude prijat\u00e9, preto\u017ee percentu\u00e1lny podiel re\u0165azca v hesle je menej ako 60%.\n<\/li>\n<li> <b>HKLMSOFTWAREPassFiltExRequireCharClasses<\/b>, REG_DWORD, Predvolen\u00e9: 0\n<p><i>RequireCharClasses<\/i> \u2014 umo\u017e\u0148uje roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 po\u017eiadavky na hesl\u00e1 v porovnan\u00ed s be\u017en\u00fdmi po\u017eiadavkami na zlo\u017eitosti hesiel ActiveDirectory. Vstavan\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky na zlo\u017eitosti vy\u017eaduj\u00fa 3 z 5 mo\u017en\u00fdch r\u00f4znych typov symbolov: Ve\u013ek\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno, Mal\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno, \u010c\u00edslo, \u0160peci\u00e1lny a Unicode. Pomocou tejto polo\u017eky registra je mo\u017en\u00e9 nastavi\u0165 vlastn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky na zlo\u017eitosti hesiel. Hodnota, ktor\u00fa je mo\u017en\u00e9 zada\u0165, je sada bitov, pri\u010dom ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich predstavuje zodpovedaj\u00facu mocninu dvoch.<br \/>\nTeda \u2014 1 = mal\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno, 2 = ve\u013ek\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno, 4 = \u010d\u00edslo, 8 = \u0161peci\u00e1lny symbol, a 16 = Unicode symbol. <br \/>\nTak\u017ee pri hodnote 7 bud\u00fa po\u017eiadavky \"Ve\u013ek\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno <b>A<\/b> mal\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno <b>A<\/b> \u010d\u00edslo \", zatia\u013e \u010do pri hodnote 31 bud\u00fa \"Ve\u013ek\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno <b>A<\/b> mal\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno <b>A<\/b> \u010d\u00edslo <b>A<\/b> \u0161peci\u00e1lny symbol <b>A<\/b> Unicode symbol\".<br \/>\nDokonca je mo\u017en\u00e9 kombinova\u0165 \u2014 19 = \"Ve\u013ek\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno <b>A<\/b> mal\u00e9 p\u00edsmeno <b>A<\/b> Unicode symbol\".\n<\/li>\n<li><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako zak\u00e1za\u0165 \u0161tandardn\u00e9 hesl\u00e1 a don\u00fati\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u0165a nen\u00e1vidie\u0165\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/86a94d4a38b63632da9e7b56d2171fce.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nS\u00e9ria pravidiel pri zostavovan\u00ed s\u00faborov \u0161abl\u00f3n:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0160abl\u00f3ny s\u00fa nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 na ve\u013ekosti p\u00edsmen. Preto bude z\u00e1znam v s\u00fabore <b>starwars<\/b> a <b>StarWarS<\/b> pova\u017eovan\u00fd za rovnak\u00fa hodnotu. <\/li>\n<li>S\u00fabor \u010diernej listiny sa \u010d\u00edta ka\u017ed\u00fdch 60 sek\u00fand, tak\u017ee ho mo\u017eno v pohode upravova\u0165, po min\u00fate bud\u00fa nov\u00e9 \u00fadaje u\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 filtrom. <\/li>\n<li>V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti nie je podpora Unicode pre kontrolu pod\u013ea \u0161abl\u00f3ny. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvanie Unicode symbolov v hesl\u00e1ch je mo\u017en\u00e9, ale filter nefunkuje. To nie je kritick\u00e9, preto\u017ee som nevidel pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, ktor\u00ed by pou\u017e\u00edvali hesl\u00e1 v Unicode. <\/li>\n<li>Je vhodn\u00e9 sa vyhn\u00fa\u0165 pr\u00e1zdnym riadkom v s\u00fabore \u0161abl\u00f3n. V debugu potom vidno chybu, ke\u010f doch\u00e1dza k na\u010d\u00edtaniu \u00fadajov zo s\u00faboru. Filter funguje, ale pre\u010do zbyto\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdnimky? <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPre debugovanie v arch\u00edve id\u00fa bat s\u00fabory, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa vytvori\u0165 log a potom ho rozobra\u0165 pomocou, napr\u00edklad, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/download\/details.aspx?id=44226\">Microsoft Message Analyzer.<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nTento filter hesiel vyu\u017e\u00edva Event Tracing for Windows.<\/p>\n<p>ETW poskytovate\u013e pre tento filter hesiel \u2014 <b>07d83223-7594-4852-babc-784803fdf6c5<\/b>. Tak, napr\u00edklad, je mo\u017en\u00e9 nastavi\u0165 sledovanie udalost\u00ed po \u010fal\u0161om re\u0161tarte: <br \/>\n<code>logman create trace autosessionPassFiltEx -o %SystemRoot%DebugPassFiltEx.etl -p \"{07d83223-7594-4852-babc-784803fdf6c5}\" 0xFFFFFFFF -ets<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Sledovanie bude spusten\u00e9 po \u010fal\u0161om re\u0161tarte syst\u00e9mu. Ak chcete zastavi\u0165: <br \/>\n<code>logman stop PassFiltEx -ets &amp;&amp; logman delete autosessionPassFiltEx -ets<\/code><br \/>\nV\u0161etky tieto pr\u00edkazy s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 v skriptoch <i>StartTracingAtBoot.cmd<\/i> a <i>StopTracingAtBoot.cmd<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>Na jednorazov\u00fa kontrolu fungovania filtra je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 <i>StartTracing.cmd<\/i> a <i>StopTracing.cmd<\/i>.<br \/>\nAby ste mohli pohodlne \u010d\u00edta\u0165 v\u00fdstup ladenia tohto filtra v <i>Microsoft Message Analyzer <\/i>, odpor\u00fa\u010da sa pou\u017ei\u0165 nasleduj\u00face nastavenia:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako zak\u00e1za\u0165 \u0161tandardn\u00e9 hesl\u00e1 a don\u00fati\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u0165a nen\u00e1vidie\u0165\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cc83eb4aa6df9d1c424e0583b0014d18.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako zak\u00e1za\u0165 \u0161tandardn\u00e9 hesl\u00e1 a don\u00fati\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u0165a nen\u00e1vidie\u0165\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/d699f9a8e93fd2795b64fce94a4dd7ca.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPri zastaven\u00ed protokolu a anal\u00fdze v <i>Microsoft Message Analyzer<\/i> vyzer\u00e1 v\u0161etko zhruba takto:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako zak\u00e1za\u0165 \u0161tandardn\u00e9 hesl\u00e1 a don\u00fati\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u0165a nen\u00e1vidie\u0165\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/4a7802318acdfa62b03b07d90e283f0b.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nTu je vidno, \u017ee do\u0161lo k pokusu o nastavenie hesla pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea \u2014 o tom n\u00e1m hovor\u00ed k\u00fazeln\u00e9 slovo <b>SET<\/b> v lad\u011bn\u00ed. A heslo bolo odmietnut\u00e9 kv\u00f4li pr\u00edtomnosti v s\u00fabore \u0161abl\u00f3n a viac ako 30% zhode v zadanom texte. <\/p>\n<p>Pri \u00faspe\u0161nom pokuse o zmenu hesla vid\u00edme toto:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako zak\u00e1za\u0165 \u0161tandardn\u00e9 hesl\u00e1 a don\u00fati\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u0165a nen\u00e1vidie\u0165\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/129b69641f3dc26c0607d34360bbe255.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nExistuje ur\u010dit\u00e9 nepohodlie pre koncov\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. Pri pokuse o zmenu hesla, ktor\u00e9 sa dostane na zoznam s\u00faboru \u0161abl\u00f3n, sa spr\u00e1va na obrazovke nel\u00ed\u0161i rozumom a d\u00f4vtipom od \u0161tandardnej spr\u00e1vy pri ne\u00faspechu politiky hesiel.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako zak\u00e1za\u0165 \u0161tandardn\u00e9 hesl\u00e1 a don\u00fati\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u0165a nen\u00e1vidie\u0165\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/cb9eedc3e07fc6140760df213175648c.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPreto bu\u010fte pripraven\u00ed na telefon\u00e1ty a v\u00fdkriky: \u201eZadal(a) som heslo spr\u00e1vne, ale nefunguje to.\u201c<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1ver.<\/h3>\n<p>\nT\u00e1to kni\u017enica umo\u017e\u0148uje zak\u00e1za\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvanie jednoduch\u00fdch alebo \u0161tandardn\u00fdch hesiel v dom\u00e9ne Active Directory. Povedzme \"Nie!\" hesl\u00e1m vo forme: \"P@ssw0rd\", \"Qwerty123\", \"ADm1n098\".<br \/>\n\u00c1no, bezpochyby, pou\u017e\u00edvatelia v\u00e1s bud\u00fa ma\u0165 e\u0161te rad\u0161ej za tak\u00fa starostlivos\u0165 o ich bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a potrebu vymyslie\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00e1 hesl\u00e1. A mo\u017eno sa po\u010det telefon\u00e1tov a \u017eiadost\u00ed o pomoc s heslom u v\u00e1s zv\u00fd\u0161i. Ale za bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 sa plat\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><u>Odkazy na pou\u017eit\u00e9 zdroje:<\/u><br \/>\n\u010cl\u00e1nok od Microsoftu t\u00fdkaj\u00faci sa vlastnej kni\u017enice filtra hesiel: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/docs.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows\/desktop\/secmgmt\/password-filters\">Password Filters<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nPassFiltEx: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ryanries\/PassFiltEx\">PassFiltEx<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nOdkaz na vydanie: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/ryanries\/PassFiltEx\/releases\">Latest Release<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nZoznamy hesiel:<br \/>\nDanielMiessler lists: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/danielmiessler\/SecLists\">Link.<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nWordlist z weakpass.com: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/weakpass.com\/wordlist\">Link.<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nWordlist z repozit\u00e1ra berzerk0: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/berzerk0\/Probable-Wordlists\">Link.<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nMicrosoft Message Analyzer: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.microsoft.com\/en-us\/download\/details.aspx?id=44226\">Microsoft Message Analyzer.<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/446336\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0427\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0435. \u0410 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f. \u0414\u0443\u043c\u0430\u044e, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u0448\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0414\u0430-\u0434\u0430, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":22701,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0427\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0435.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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