{"id":30767,"date":"2019-10-31T21:37:21","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sintez-kak-odin-iz-metodov-uluchsheniya-proizvoditelnosti-postgresql\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:37:21","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:21","slug":"sintez-kak-odin-iz-metodov-uluchsheniya-proizvoditelnosti-postgresql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sintez-kak-odin-iz-metodov-uluchsheniya-proizvoditelnosti-postgresql","title":{"rendered":"Synt\u00e9za ako jedna z met\u00f3d zlep\u0161ovania v\u00fdkonu PostgreSQL","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Synt\u00e9za ako jedna z met\u00f3d zlep\u0161ovania v\u00fdkonu PostgreSQL\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/6960ab96e829332fbde0b2aebd79b48a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Filozofick\u00e9 \u00favodn\u00e9 slovo<\/h3>\n<p>\nAko je zn\u00e1me, existuj\u00fa iba dva sp\u00f4soby rie\u0161enia \u00faloh:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Met\u00f3da anal\u00fdzy alebo met\u00f3da dedukcie, alebo z v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho na konkr\u00e9tne.<\/li>\n<li>Met\u00f3da synt\u00e9zy alebo met\u00f3da indukcie, alebo z konkr\u00e9tneho na v\u0161eobecn\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nNa rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mu \u201ezlep\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdkon datab\u00e1zy\u201c to m\u00f4\u017ee vyzera\u0165 nasledovne.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<b>Anal\u00fdza<\/b> \u2014 rozober\u00e1me probl\u00e9m na jednotliv\u00e9 \u010dasti a sna\u017e\u00edme sa t\u00fdm zlep\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdkon datab\u00e1zy ako celku.<\/p>\n<p>V praxi anal\u00fdza vyzer\u00e1 pribli\u017ene takto:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vznik\u00e1 probl\u00e9m (incident v\u00fdkonu) <\/li>\n<li>Zbierame \u0161tatistick\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o stave datab\u00e1zy<\/li>\n<li>H\u013ead\u00e1me \u00fazke miesta(bottlenecks)<\/li>\n<li>Rie\u0161ime probl\u00e9my s \u00fazkymi miestami<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>\u00dazke miesta datab\u00e1zy<\/b> \u2014 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara (CPU, pam\u00e4\u0165, disky, sie\u0165, OS), nastavenia(postgresql.conf), dotazy:<\/p>\n<p><b>Infrastrukt\u00fara<\/b>: mo\u017enosti vplyvu a zmien pre in\u017einiera \u2014 takmer nulov\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><b>Nastavenia datab\u00e1zy<\/b>: mo\u017enosti na zmeny s\u00fa o nie\u010do v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie ako v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom pr\u00edpade, ale zvy\u010dajne s\u00fa st\u00e1le dos\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00e9, najm\u00e4 v cloude.<\/p>\n<p><b>Dotazy<\/b> na datab\u00e1zu: <u>jedin\u00e1 oblas\u0165 pre man\u00e9vrovanie<\/u>.<\/p>\n<p><b>Synt\u00e9za<\/b> \u2014 zlep\u0161ujeme v\u00fdkon jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed, o\u010dak\u00e1vaj\u00fac, \u017ee v\u00fdsledkom bude zlep\u0161enie v\u00fdkonu datab\u00e1zy. <\/p>\n<h3>Lyri\u010dk\u00e9 \u00favodn\u00e9 slovo alebo na \u010do je toto v\u0161etko dobr\u00e9 <\/h3>\n<p>\nAko prebieha proces rie\u0161enia incidentov v\u00fdkonu, ak v\u00fdkon datab\u00e1zy nie je monitorovan\u00fd: <\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kazn\u00edk - \u201em\u00e1me v\u0161etko zle, pomaly, urobte n\u00e1m to dobre\u201c<br \/>\nIn\u017einier - \u201ezle, to ako?\u201c<br \/>\nZ\u00e1kazn\u00edk \u2013 \u201etakto teraz (pred hodinou, v\u010dera, pri poslednej zak\u00e1zke), pomaly\u201c<br \/>\nIn\u017einier \u2013 \u201ea kedy to bolo dobre?\u201c<br \/>\nZ\u00e1kazn\u00edk \u2013 \u201epred t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148om (dvoma t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ami) to bolo celkom dobr\u00e9.\u201c (To sa podarilo)<br \/>\nZ\u00e1kazn\u00edk \u2013 \u201ea ja si nepam\u00e4t\u00e1m, kedy to bolo dobre, ale teraz je to zl\u00e9 \u201c(Be\u017en\u00e1 odpove\u010f)<\/p>\n<p>Vo v\u00fdsledku dostaneme klasick\u00fd obraz:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Synt\u00e9za ako jedna z met\u00f3d zlep\u0161ovania v\u00fdkonu PostgreSQL\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/836777a3f813b1f5c36cc23aa5af6ad0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Kto je vinn\u00fd a \u010do robi\u0165?<\/h3>\n<p>\nNa prv\u00fa \u010das\u0165 ot\u00e1zky je naj\u013eah\u0161ie odpoveda\u0165 \u2014 vinn\u00fd je v\u017edy in\u017einier DBA. <\/p>\n<p>Na druh\u00fa \u010das\u0165 odpoveda\u0165 tie\u017e nie je pr\u00edli\u0161 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 \u2014 je potrebn\u00e9 implementova\u0165 syst\u00e9m monitorovania v\u00fdkonu datab\u00e1zy.<\/p>\n<p>Objavuje sa prv\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka \u2014 <b>\u010do monitorova\u0165?<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Cesta 1. Budeme monitorova\u0165 V\u0160ETKO<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Synt\u00e9za ako jedna z met\u00f3d zlep\u0161ovania v\u00fdkonu PostgreSQL\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/9aa90bcce679e67d1749e270828cf792.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nZa\u0165a\u017eenie CPU, po\u010det oper\u00e1ci\u00ed diskov\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edtania\/z\u00e1pisu, ve\u013ekos\u0165 pridelen\u00e9 pam\u00e4te, a e\u0161te megat\u00f3n r\u00f4znych \u010d\u00edta\u010dov, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017ee poskytn\u00fa\u0165 ak\u00fdko\u013evek trochu funk\u010dn\u00fd monitorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdsledkom je mno\u017estvo grafov, s\u00fahrnn\u00fdch tabuliek a neust\u00e1le upozornenia na e-mail, \u010do vedie k 100% zamestnanosti in\u017einiera rie\u0161en\u00edm mno\u017estva rovnak\u00fdch tiketov, pri\u010dom obvykle so \u0161tandardnou formul\u00e1ciou \u2014 \u201eDo\u010dasn\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Nie je potrebn\u00e1 \u017eiadna akcia\u201c. Ale v\u0161etci s\u00fa zamestnan\u00ed a v\u017edy je \u010do uk\u00e1za\u0165 z\u00e1kazn\u00edkovi \u2014 pr\u00e1ca je v plnom pr\u00fade.<\/p>\n<h3>Cesta 2. Monitorova\u0165 iba to, \u010do je potrebn\u00e9, a to, \u010do nie je potrebn\u00e9, nemus\u00edme monitorova\u0165.<\/h3>\n<p>\nM\u00f4\u017eeme monitorova\u0165 trochu inak \u2014 iba entity a udalosti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Na ktor\u00e9 in\u017einier DBA m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 vplyv.<\/li>\n<li>Pre ktor\u00e9 existuje algoritmus akci\u00ed pri vzniku udalosti alebo zmene entity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZ tohto predpokladu a s oh\u013eadom na \u201e<b>Filozofick\u00e9 \u00favodn\u00e9 slovo<\/b>\u201c, aby sa predi\u0161lo pravideln\u00e9mu opakovaniu \u201e<b>Lyri\u010dk\u00e9 \u00favodn\u00e9 slovo alebo na \u010do je toto v\u0161etko dobr\u00e9<\/b>\u201c, je rozumn\u00e9 monitorova\u0165 v\u00fdkon jednotliv\u00fdch dopytov na optimaliz\u00e1ciu a anal\u00fdzu, \u010do by malo nakoniec vies\u0165 k zlep\u0161eniu r\u00fdchlosti celej datab\u00e1zy. <\/p>\n<p>Ale aby sme zlep\u0161ili n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd dopyt, ktor\u00fd ovplyv\u0148uje celkov\u00fd v\u00fdkon datab\u00e1zy, mus\u00edme ho najprv n\u00e1js\u0165. <\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdmto vznikaj\u00fa dve vz\u00e1jomne prepojen\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ak\u00fd dopyt sa pova\u017euje za n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd <\/li>\n<li>ako h\u013eada\u0165 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 dopyty.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nJe zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd dopyt je dopyt, ktor\u00fd vyu\u017e\u00edva ve\u013ea zdrojov OS na z\u00edskanie v\u00fdsledku.<\/p>\n<p><b>Prejdime k druhej ot\u00e1zke \u2014 ako h\u013eada\u0165 a n\u00e1sledne monitorova\u0165 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9 dopyty?<\/b><\/p>\n<h3>Ak\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pre monitorovanie dopytov s\u00fa v PostgreSQL? <\/h3>\n<p>\nV porovnan\u00ed s Oracle je mo\u017enost\u00ed menej, ale aj tak je mo\u017en\u00e9 nie\u010do robi\u0165.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Synt\u00e9za ako jedna z met\u00f3d zlep\u0161ovania v\u00fdkonu PostgreSQL\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/995419a92c0b340512bef6221e76822f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>PG_STAT_STATEMENTS<\/h3>\n<p>\nNa vyh\u013ead\u00e1vanie a monitorovanie n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch dopytov v PostgreSQL sl\u00fa\u017ei \u0161tandardn\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edrenie pg_stat_statements.<\/p>\n<p>Po in\u0161tal\u00e1cii roz\u0161\u00edrenia sa v cie\u013eovej datab\u00e1ze objav\u00ed rovnomenn\u00fd poh\u013ead, ktor\u00fd je potrebn\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 na \u00fa\u010dely monitorovania.<\/p>\n<p>Cie\u013eov\u00e9 st\u013apce pg_stat_statements na vytvorenie syst\u00e9mu monitorovania:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>queryid <\/b>Intern\u00fd hash k\u00f3d vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00fd pod\u013ea stromu rozboru oper\u00e1tora.<\/li>\n<li><b>max_time <\/b>Maxim\u00e1lny \u010das str\u00e1ven\u00fd na oper\u00e1tore v milisekund\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nZhroma\u017eden\u00edm a pou\u017eit\u00edm \u0161tatistiky pod\u013ea t\u00fdchto dvoch st\u013apcov je mo\u017en\u00e9 vybudova\u0165 monitorovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<h3>Ako sa pou\u017e\u00edva pg_stat_statements na monitorovanie v\u00fdkonu PostgreSQL.<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Synt\u00e9za ako jedna z met\u00f3d zlep\u0161ovania v\u00fdkonu PostgreSQL\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/fbec099eb6ff2de2fb3c90c7cbcf9505.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNa monitorovanie v\u00fdkonu dopytov sa pou\u017e\u00edva:<br \/>\nNa strane cie\u013eovej datab\u00e1zy \u2014 poh\u013ead pg_stat_statements. <br \/>\nZ poh\u013eadu <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"servera\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3479\">servera<\/a> a datab\u00e1zy monitorovania \u2014 s\u00fabor bash skriptov a servisn\u00fdch tabuliek.<\/p>\n<h3>1. etapa \u2014 zber \u0161tatistick\u00fdch \u00fadajov<\/h3>\n<p>\nNa monitorovacom hostingu sa pravidelne sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a skript cez cron, ktor\u00fd kop\u00edruje obsah poh\u013eadu pg_stat_statements z cie\u013eovej datab\u00e1zy do tabu\u013eky pg_stat_history v datab\u00e1ze monitorovania. <\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom sa vytv\u00e1ra hist\u00f3ria vykon\u00e1vania jednotliv\u00fdch dopytov, ktor\u00e1 sa d\u00e1 vyu\u017ei\u0165 na vytv\u00e1ranie spr\u00e1v o v\u00fdkonnosti a nastavenie metr\u00edk.<\/p>\n<h3>2. etapa \u2014 nastavenie metr\u00edk v\u00fdkonnosti<\/h3>\n<p>\nNa z\u00e1klade zozbieran\u00fdch \u00fadajov vyber\u00e1me dopyty, ktor\u00fdch vykon\u00e1vanie je pre klienta (aplik\u00e1ciu) najkritickej\u0161ie\/na najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie. Po dohode so z\u00e1kazn\u00edkom nastavujeme hodnoty metr\u00edk v\u00fdkonnosti pomocou pol\u00ed queryid a max_time. <\/p>\n<h3>V\u00fdsledok \u2014 za\u010diatok monitorovania v\u00fdkonnosti<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Monitorovac\u00ed skript pri spusten\u00ed kontroluje nakonfigurovan\u00e9 metriky v\u00fdkonnosti, porovn\u00e1va hodnotu max_time metriky s hodnotou z poh\u013eadu pg_stat_statements v cie\u013eovej datab\u00e1ze.<\/li>\n<li>Ak hodnota v cie\u013eovej datab\u00e1ze presahuje hodnotu metriky, vygeneruje sa upozornenie (incident v syst\u00e9me tiketov)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>\u010eal\u0161ia mo\u017enos\u0165 1<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Hist\u00f3ria pl\u00e1nov vykon\u00e1vania dopytov<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Na neskor\u0161ie rie\u0161enie incidentov v\u00fdkonnosti je ve\u013emi dobr\u00e9 ma\u0165 hist\u00f3riu zmien pl\u00e1nov vykon\u00e1vania dopytov. <\/p>\n<p>Na uchov\u00e1vanie hist\u00f3rie sa pou\u017e\u00edva servisn\u00e1 tabu\u013eka log_query. Tabu\u013eka sa pln\u00ed pri anal\u00fdze nahran\u00e9ho log s\u00faboru PostgreSQL. Ke\u010f\u017ee v log s\u00fabore, na rozdiel od poh\u013eadu pg_stat_statements, sa nach\u00e1dza kompletn\u00fd text s hodnotami parametrov vykon\u00e1vania a nie normalizovan\u00fd text, je mo\u017en\u00e9 uchov\u00e1va\u0165 nielen \u010das a trvanie dopytov, ale aj pl\u00e1ny vykon\u00e1vania v aktu\u00e1lnom \u010dase.<\/p>\n<h3>\u010eal\u0161ia mo\u017enos\u0165 2<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Proces nepretr\u017eit\u00e9ho zlep\u0161ovania v\u00fdkonnosti<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Monitorovanie jednotliv\u00fdch dopytov vo v\u0161eobecnosti nie je ur\u010den\u00e9 na rie\u0161enie \u00falohy nepretr\u017eit\u00e9ho zlep\u0161ovania v\u00fdkonnosti datab\u00e1zy ako celku, preto\u017ee kontroluje a rie\u0161i ot\u00e1zky v\u00fdkonnosti len pre jednotliv\u00e9 dopyty. M\u00f4\u017ee sa v\u0161ak roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 met\u00f3da a nastavi\u0165 monitorovanie dopytov pre v\u0161etky datab\u00e1zy. <\/p>\n<p>Na to je potrebn\u00e9 zavies\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie metriky v\u00fdkonnosti:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V posledn\u00fdch d\u0148och<\/li>\n<li>Za z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 obdobie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSkript vyber\u00e1 dotazy z poh\u013eadu pg_stat_statements v cie\u013eovej datab\u00e1ze a porovn\u00e1va hodnotu max_time s priemernou hodnotou max_time, v prvom pr\u00edpade za posledn\u00e9 dni alebo za vybran\u00fd \u010dasov\u00fd \u00fasek (baseline), v druhom pr\u00edpade.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee v pr\u00edpade degrad\u00e1cie v\u00fdkonnosti pre ak\u00fdko\u013evek dotaz bude varovanie automaticky vytvoren\u00e9 bez ru\u010dnej anal\u00fdzy spr\u00e1v. <\/p>\n<h3>A \u010do m\u00e1 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 so synt\u00e9zou?<\/h3>\n<p>\nV op\u00edsanom pr\u00edstupe, ako nazna\u010duje met\u00f3da synt\u00e9zy \u2014 zlep\u0161en\u00edm jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed syst\u00e9mu zlep\u0161ujeme syst\u00e9m ako celok.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dotaz vykon\u00e1van\u00fd datab\u00e1zou \u2013 t\u00e9za<\/li>\n<li>Upraven\u00fd dotaz \u2013 antit\u00e9za<\/li>\n<li>Zmena stavu syst\u00e9mu \u2014 synt\u00e9za<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Synt\u00e9za ako jedna z met\u00f3d zlep\u0161ovania v\u00fdkonu PostgreSQL\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/088abb9900319353a42d236d26a20a2c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Rozvoj syst\u00e9mu<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Roz\u0161\u00edrenie zhroma\u017e\u010fovanej \u0161tatistiky pridan\u00edm hist\u00f3rie pre syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 zobrazenie pg_stat_activity<\/li>\n<li>Roz\u0161\u00edrenie zhroma\u017e\u010fovanej \u0161tatistiky pridan\u00edm hist\u00f3rie pre \u0161tatistiky jednotliv\u00fdch tabuliek zapojen\u00fdch do dotazov <\/li>\n<li>Integr\u00e1cia so syst\u00e9mom monitorovania v cloude AWS<\/li>\n<li>A e\u0161te, nie\u010do m\u00f4\u017eeme vymyslie\u0165\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/444988\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0424\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447: \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u201c\u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445\u201d \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":22752,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-30767","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0424\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sintez-kak-odin-iz-metodov-uluchsheniya-proizvoditelnosti-postgresql\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.4\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 PostgreSQL | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0424\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435.\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sintez-kak-odin-iz-metodov-uluchsheniya-proizvoditelnosti-postgresql\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:37:21+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:37:21+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Synt\u00e9za ako jedna z met\u00f3d zlep\u0161enia v\u00fdkonu PostgreSQL | ProHoster","description":"Filozofick\u00e9.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sintez-kak-odin-iz-metodov-uluchsheniya-proizvoditelnosti-postgresql","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sk_SK","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 PostgreSQL | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0424\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0444\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435.","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sintez-kak-odin-iz-metodov-uluchsheniya-proizvoditelnosti-postgresql","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T18:37:21+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T18:37:21+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"30767","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-02-22 15:31:13","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 03:29:57","updated":"2026-02-22 15:31:13","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30767","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=30767"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30767\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":162005,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/30767\/revisions\/162005"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22752"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30767"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=30767"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=30767"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}