{"id":30858,"date":"2019-10-31T21:37:49","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:37:49","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:49","slug":"pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","title":{"rendered":"Prv\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fd genom m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k vytvoreniu syntetick\u00fdch foriem \u017eivota.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u0161etky sekvencie DNA sk\u00faman\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010d\u00ed\u0161nych druhov s\u00fa ulo\u017een\u00e9 v datab\u00e1ze, ktor\u00e1 patr\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00e9mu centru biotechnologick\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed v USA. A 1. apr\u00edla sa v datab\u00e1ze objavil nov\u00fd z\u00e1znam: «Caulobacter ethensis-2.0». Je to prv\u00fd na svete \u00faplne po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovo modelovan\u00fd a n\u00e1sledne syntetizovan\u00fd syntetick\u00fd gen\u00f3m \u017eiv\u00e9ho organizmu, vyvinut\u00fd vedcami z ETH Zurich (\u0160vaj\u010diarska technick\u00e1 vysok\u00e1 \u0161kola v Zurichu). Je v\u0161ak potrebn\u00e9 zd\u00f4razni\u0165, \u017ee hoci bol gen\u00f3m C. ethensis-2.0 \u00faspe\u0161ne z\u00edskan\u00fd vo forme ve\u013ekej molekuly DNA, zodpovedaj\u00faci \u017eiv\u00fd organizmus zatia\u013e neexistuje.<\/p>\n

\"Prv\u00fd<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00fa pr\u00e1cu vykonali Bit Kristen, profesor experiment\u00e1lnej syst\u00e9movej biol\u00f3gie, a jeho brat Matthias Kristen — chemik. Nov\u00fd gen\u00f3m, nazvan\u00fd Caulobacter ethensis-2.0, bol vytvoren\u00fd \u010disten\u00edm a optimaliz\u00e1ciou prirodzen\u00e9ho k\u00f3du bakt\u00e9rie Caulobacter crescentus — ne\u0161kodnej bakt\u00e9rie, ktor\u00e1 \u017eije vo sladkej vode po celom svete.  <\/p>\n

\"Prv\u00fd
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Pred viac ne\u017e desiatimi rokmi t\u00edm pod veden\u00edm genetika Craiga Ventera vytvoril prv\u00fa «syntezovan\u00fa» bakt\u00e9riu. Po\u010das svojej pr\u00e1ce vedci syntetizovali k\u00f3piu gen\u00f3mu Mycoplasma mycoides, ktor\u00e1 bola n\u00e1sledne implantovan\u00e1 do nosiacej bunky, ktor\u00e1 sa tak stala plne \u017eivotaschopnou a zachovala si schopnos\u0165 reprodukcie.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 v\u00fdskum pokra\u010duje v pr\u00e1ci Craigera. K\u00fdm predt\u00fdm vedci vytvorili digit\u00e1lny model DNA skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho organizmu a na jeho z\u00e1klade syntetizovali molekulu, nov\u00fd projekt postupuje \u010falej, pri\u010dom vyu\u017e\u00edva p\u00f4vodn\u00fd k\u00f3d DNA. Vedci ho v\u00fdznamne prepracovali, ne\u017e ho syntetizovali a otestovali jeho funk\u010dnos\u0165.<\/p>\n

Vedci za\u010dali s origin\u00e1lnym gen\u00f3mom C. crescentus, ktor\u00fd obsahuje 4000 g\u00e9nov. Rovnako ako u v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u017eiv\u00fdch organizmov, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina t\u00fdchto g\u00e9nov nesie \u017eiadne inform\u00e1cie a predstavuje «odpadov\u00fa DNA». Po vykonan\u00ed anal\u00fdzy vedci dospeli k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee iba pribli\u017ene 680 z nich je potrebn\u00fdch na udr\u017eanie \u017eivota bakt\u00e9rie v laborat\u00f3riu.<\/p>\n

Po odstr\u00e1nen\u00ed «odpadovej DNA» a z\u00edskan\u00ed minim\u00e1lneho gen\u00f3mu C. crescentus t\u00edm pokra\u010doval v pr\u00e1ci. Pre DNA \u017eiv\u00fdch organizmov je charakteristick\u00e1 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 zabudovanej redundancie, ktor\u00e1 spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee synt\u00e9za rovnak\u00e9ho prote\u00ednu je k\u00f3dovan\u00e1 r\u00f4znymi g\u00e9nmi na nieko\u013ek\u00fdch miestach re\u0165azca. Vedci nahradili viac ako 1\/6 z 800 000 p\u00edsmen DNA v priebehu optimaliz\u00e1cie zameranej na odstr\u00e1nenie duplicitn\u00e9ho k\u00f3du.<\/p>\n

«V\u010faka n\u00e1\u0161mu algoritmu sme \u00faplne prep\u00edsali genom do novej sekvencie p\u00edsmen DNA, ktor\u00e1 sa u\u017e nepodob\u00e1 na p\u00f4vodn\u00fa», hovor\u00ed Bit Kristen, spoluredaktor \u0161t\u00fadie. «Biologick\u00e1 funkcia na \u00farovni synt\u00e9zy prote\u00ednov pritom zostala nezmenen\u00e1».<\/p>\n

Aby sme overili, \u010di bude z\u00edskan\u00e1 re\u0165azec riadne fungova\u0165 v \u017eivej bunke, vedci vypestovali kme\u0148 bakt\u00e9ri\u00ed, ktor\u00fd mal vo svojej DNA ako pr\u00edrodn\u00fd genom Caulobacter, tak aj segmenty umel\u00e9ho gen\u00f3mu. Vedci deaktivovali jednotliv\u00e9 pr\u00edrodn\u00e9 g\u00e9ny a testovali schopnos\u0165 ich umel\u00fdch n\u00e1protivkov vykon\u00e1va\u0165 t\u00fa ist\u00fa biologick\u00fa \u00falohu. V\u00fdsledok bol dos\u0165 p\u00f4sobiv\u00fd: pribli\u017ene 580 z 680 umel\u00fdch g\u00e9nov sa uk\u00e1zalo ako funk\u010dn\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

«V\u010faka z\u00edskan\u00fdm poznatkom budeme schopn\u00ed zlep\u0161i\u0165 n\u00e1\u0161 algoritmus a vyvin\u00fa\u0165 nov\u00fa verziu gen\u00f3mu 3.0», hovor\u00ed Kristen. «Ver\u00edme, \u017ee v bl\u00edzkej bud\u00facnosti vytvor\u00edme \u017eiv\u00e9 bakteri\u00e1lne bunky s \u00faplne syntetick\u00fdm gen\u00f3mom».<\/p>\n

V prvej f\u00e1ze tak\u00e9to v\u00fdskumy pom\u00f4\u017eu genetikom overi\u0165 spr\u00e1vnos\u0165 svojich poznatkov v oblasti porozumenia DNA a \u00falohy jednotliv\u00fdch g\u00e9nov v \u0148om, preto\u017ee ak\u00e1ko\u013evek chyba v synt\u00e9ze re\u0165azca povedie k tomu, \u017ee organizmus s nov\u00fdm gen\u00f3mom zomrie alebo bude nefunk\u010dn\u00fd. V bud\u00facnosti v\u0161ak poved\u00fa k vzniku syntetick\u00fdch mikroorganizmov, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa vytvoren\u00e9 na vopred ur\u010den\u00e9 \u00falohy. Umel\u00e9 v\u00edry bud\u00fa m\u00f4c\u0165 bojova\u0165 so svojimi pr\u00edrodn\u00fdmi pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi a \u0161peci\u00e1lne bakt\u00e9rie bud\u00fa produkova\u0165 vitam\u00edny alebo lieky.<\/p>\n

\u0160t\u00fadia bola uverejnen\u00e1 v \u010dasopise PNAS.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u017eivota | ProHoster","description":"V\u0161etky sekvencie DNA sk\u00faman\u00fdch foriem \u017eivota s\u00fa ulo\u017een\u00e9 v datab\u00e1ze patriacej N\u00e1rodn\u00e9mu centru biotechnologick\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed v USA.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sk_SK","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 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