{"id":31519,"date":"2019-10-31T21:41:40","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:41:40","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:40","slug":"elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/elektricheskaya-stimulyatsiya-mozga-pomogla-pamyati-pozhilyh-lyudej-dognat-molodyh","title":{"rendered":"Elektrick\u00e1 stimul\u00e1cia mozgu pomohla pam\u00e4ti star\u0161\u00edch \u013eud\u00ed dohna\u0165 mlad\u0161\u00edch","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Od lie\u010dby depresie po zmiernenie n\u00e1sledkov Parkinsonovej choroby a prebudenie pacientov nach\u00e1dzaj\u00facich sa v vegetat\u00edvnom stave, stimul\u00e1cia mozgu elektrick\u00fdm pr\u00fadom m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd potenci\u00e1l. Jedn\u00fdm z nov\u00fdch v\u00fdskumov sa zameralo na zastavenie poklesu pozn\u00e1vac\u00edch schopnost\u00ed, zlep\u0161en\u00edm pam\u00e4ti a schopnost\u00ed u\u010denia. Experiment vykonan\u00fd vedcami z Boston University preuk\u00e1zal neinvaz\u00edvnu techniku, ktor\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee obnovi\u0165 pracovn\u00fa pam\u00e4\u0165 u 70-ro\u010dn\u00fdch star\u0161\u00edch \u013eud\u00ed tak, \u017ee sa rovn\u00e1 pam\u00e4ti 20-ro\u010dn\u00fdch.<\/p>\n

V mnoh\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch o stimul\u00e1cii mozgu sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa elektrody implantovan\u00e9 do ur\u010dit\u00fdch oblast\u00ed mozgu na dod\u00e1vanie elektrick\u00fdch impulzov. Tento proces sa naz\u00fdva \u201ehlbok\u00e1\u201c alebo \u201epriama\u201c stimul\u00e1cia mozgu a m\u00e1 svoje v\u00fdhody v\u010faka presn\u00e9mu umiestneniu stimul\u00e1cie. Napriek tomu je zavedenie elektr\u00f3d do mozgu dos\u0165 nepraktick\u00e9 a je spojen\u00e9 s ur\u010dit\u00fdmi rizikami, ako s\u00fa z\u00e1paly alebo infekcie, ak sa nedodr\u017eia v\u0161etky opera\u010dn\u00e9 normy.<\/p>\n

Alternat\u00edvou je nepriama stimul\u00e1cia pomocou neinvaz\u00edvnej (neopera\u010dnej) met\u00f3dy cez elektrody umiestnen\u00e9 na poko\u017eke hlavy, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje vykon\u00e1va\u0165 podobn\u00e9 manipul\u00e1cie aj v dom\u00e1cich podmienkach. Tento pr\u00edstup zvolil Rob Reinhart, neurobiol\u00f3g z Boston University, v snahe zlep\u0161i\u0165 pam\u00e4\u0165 star\u0161\u00edch \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00e1 sa zvy\u010dajne oslabuje s vekom.<\/p>\n

\"Elektrick\u00e1
\n<\/center><\/p>\n

Ak hovor\u00edme presne, jeho experimenty sa s\u00fastredili v\u00fdhradne na pracovn\u00fa pam\u00e4\u0165, ktor\u00e1 sa aktivuje napr\u00edklad, ke\u010f si spom\u00edname, \u010do si m\u00e1me vzia\u0165 v obchode, alebo sa sna\u017e\u00edme n\u00e1js\u0165 k\u013e\u00fa\u010de od auta. Pod\u013ea Reinharta m\u00f4\u017ee pracovn\u00e1 pam\u00e4\u0165 za\u010da\u0165 slabn\u00fa\u0165 u\u017e vo veku 30 rokov, preto\u017ee r\u00f4zne \u010dasti mozgu za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa str\u00e1ca\u0165 svoju koherenciu a st\u00e1vaj\u00fa sa menej s\u00faladn\u00e9. Ke\u010f dosiahneme 60 alebo 70 rokov, t\u00e1to nezhoda m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu poklesu kognit\u00edvnych funkci\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Vedec objavil sp\u00f4sob, ako obnovi\u0165 naru\u0161en\u00e9 neur\u00f3nov\u00e9 spojenia. Met\u00f3da sa zaklad\u00e1 na dvoch prvkoch fungovania mozgu. Prv\u00fd je \u201espojenie\u201c, ke\u010f sa r\u00f4zne \u010dasti mozgu aktivuj\u00fa v ur\u010ditej sekvencii ako dobre laden\u00fd orchester. Druh\u00fd je \u201esynchr\u00f3niz\u00e1cia\u201c, ke\u010f sa pomal\u0161ie rytmy, zn\u00e1me ako theta-rytmus a spojen\u00e9 s hipokampom, spr\u00e1vne synchronizuj\u00fa. Obe tieto funkcie sa s vekom zhor\u0161uj\u00fa a ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa pam\u00e4\u0165.<\/p>\n

\"Elektrick\u00e1<\/p>\n

Pre svoj experiment zapojil Reinhart skupinu mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed vo veku pribli\u017ene 20 rokov a tie\u017e skupinu star\u0161\u00edch \u013eud\u00ed vo veku od 60 do 70 rokov. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 skupina mala vykona\u0165 s\u00e9riu konkr\u00e9tnych \u00faloh, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148ali prezeranie obr\u00e1zku, prest\u00e1vku, prezeranie druh\u00e9ho obr\u00e1zku a n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 rozpoznanie rozdielov v nich z pam\u00e4ti.<\/p>\n

Nie je prekvapen\u00edm, \u017ee mlad\u0161ia experiment\u00e1lna skupina obst\u00e1la ove\u013ea lep\u0161ie ako star\u0161ia. Potom v\u0161ak Reinhart aplikoval 25 min\u00fat jemnej stimul\u00e1cie k\u00f4ry mozgu star\u0161\u00edch \u013eud\u00ed s impulzmi nastaven\u00fdmi na nervov\u00e9 kont\u00fary ka\u017ed\u00e9ho pacienta v s\u00falade s oblas\u0165ou k\u00f4ry zodpovednou za pracovn\u00fa pam\u00e4\u0165. Po tom skupiny pokra\u010dovali v plnen\u00ed \u00faloh a rozdiel v presnosti vykon\u00e1vania \u00faloh medzi nimi zmizol. Efekt pretrv\u00e1val najmenej 50 min\u00fat po stimul\u00e1cii. Navy\u0161e, Reinhart zistil, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee zlep\u0161i\u0165 funkciu pam\u00e4ti aj u mlad\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, ktor\u00ed si s \u00falohami nevedeli rady.<\/p>\n

\u201eZistili sme, \u017ee subjekty vo veku 20 rokov, ktor\u00e9 mali \u0165a\u017ekosti pri plnen\u00ed \u00faloh, dok\u00e1zali tie\u017e \u0165a\u017ei\u0165 z presne takej istej stimul\u00e1cie,\u201c hovor\u00ed Reinhart. \u201ePodarilo sa n\u00e1m zlep\u0161i\u0165 ich pracovn\u00fa pam\u00e4\u0165, aj ke\u010f neboli star\u0161\u00ed ako 60 alebo 70 rokov.\u201c<\/p>\n

Reinhart d\u00fafa, \u017ee bude pokra\u010dova\u0165 v \u0161t\u00fadiu toho, ako stimul\u00e1cia mozgu m\u00f4\u017ee zlep\u0161i\u0165 fungovanie mozgu \u010dloveka, najm\u00e4 pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed trpia Alzheimerovou chorobou.<\/p>\n

\u201eTo otv\u00e1ra nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pre v\u00fdskum a lie\u010dbu,\u201c hovor\u00ed. \u201eA ve\u013emi sa z toho te\u0161\u00edme.\u201c<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskum bol publikovan\u00fd v \u010dasopise Nature Neuroscience.<\/p>\n

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Zdroj: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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