{"id":31582,"date":"2019-10-31T21:41:58","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/na-kakoj-diapazon-eta-antenna-izmeryaem-harakteristiki-antenn\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:41:58","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:58","slug":"na-kakoj-diapazon-eta-antenna-izmeryaem-harakteristiki-antenn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/na-kakoj-diapazon-eta-antenna-izmeryaem-harakteristiki-antenn","title":{"rendered":"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/382292eed2e7f08be017343c01eb5c2f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>\u2014 Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na?<br \/>\n\u2014 Neviem, skontroluj.<br \/>\n\u2014 JAAAK?!?!<br \/>\n<\/b><br \/>\nAko ur\u010di\u0165, ak\u00fa ant\u00e9nu m\u00e1te v ruk\u00e1ch, ak na nej nie je ozna\u010denie? Ako pochopi\u0165, ktor\u00e1 ant\u00e9na je lep\u0161ia alebo hor\u0161ia? Tieto probl\u00e9my ma u\u017e dlho tr\u00e1pi.<br \/>\nV \u010dl\u00e1nku sa jednoduch\u00fdm jazykom popisuje metodika merania charakterist\u00edk ant\u00e9n a sp\u00f4sob ur\u010denia frekven\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma ant\u00e9ny.<\/p>\n<p>Zbehli radiotechnici m\u00f4\u017eu pova\u017eova\u0165 tieto inform\u00e1cie za trivi\u00e1lne, a metodiku merania za nedostato\u010dne presn\u00fa. \u010cl\u00e1nok je ur\u010den\u00fd pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed v\u00f4bec ni\u010d nerozumej\u00fa v r\u00e1diovej elektronike, ako ja. <\/p>\n<p><b>TL;DR<\/b> Budeme mera\u0165 VSWR ant\u00e9n na r\u00f4znych frekvenci\u00e1ch pomocou pr\u00edstroja OSA 103 Mini a smerov\u00e9ho odbo\u010dn\u00edka a vytvor\u00edme graf z\u00e1vislosti VSWR na frekvencii. <br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Te\u00f3ria<\/h2>\n<p>\nKe\u010f vysiela\u010d posiela sign\u00e1l do ant\u00e9ny, \u010das\u0165 energie sa vy\u017earuje do vzduchu a \u010das\u0165 sa odr\u00e1\u017ea a vracia sp\u00e4\u0165. Vz\u0165ah medzi vy\u017earovanou a odrazenou energiou charakterizuje koeficient stojatej vlny (VSWR alebo SWR). \u010c\u00edm men\u0161\u00ed je VSWR, t\u00fdm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia \u010das\u0165 energie vysiela\u010da sa vy\u017earuje vo forme r\u00e1diov\u00fdch v\u013an. Pri VSWR = 1 nie je \u017eiadne odrazenie (v\u0161etka energia sa vy\u017earuje). VSWR re\u00e1lnej ant\u00e9ny je v\u017edy v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed ako 1.<\/p>\n<p>Ak posielame do ant\u00e9ny sign\u00e1l r\u00f4znej frekvencie a z\u00e1rove\u0148 meriame VSWR, m\u00f4\u017eeme zisti\u0165, na akej frekvencii bude odrazenie minim\u00e1lne. To bude pracovn\u00e9 p\u00e1smo ant\u00e9ny. Tie\u017e m\u00f4\u017eeme porovna\u0165 medzi sebou r\u00f4zne ant\u00e9ny na jedno p\u00e1smo a zisti\u0165, ktor\u00e1 z nich je lep\u0161ia.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/570bcfba65af1250c8245446ee38d846.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\u010cas\u0165 sign\u00e1lu vysiela\u010da sa odr\u00e1\u017ea od ant\u00e9ny<\/p>\n<p>Ant\u00e9na navrhnut\u00e1 na ur\u010dit\u00fa frekvenciu by teoreticky mala ma\u0165 najni\u017e\u0161\u00ed VSWR na svojich pracovn\u00fdch frekvenci\u00e1ch. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sta\u010d\u00ed vysiela\u0165 do ant\u00e9ny r\u00f4znymi frekvenciami a zisti\u0165, na akej frekvencii je odrazenie najni\u017e\u0161ie, teda maxim\u00e1lne mno\u017estvo energie vyletelo vo forme r\u00e1diov\u00fdch v\u013an.<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f budeme ma\u0165 mo\u017enos\u0165 generova\u0165 sign\u00e1l na r\u00f4znych frekvenci\u00e1ch a mera\u0165 odrazenie, m\u00f4\u017eeme vytvori\u0165 graf, kde na osi X bude frekvencia a na osi Y \u2014 koeficient odrazenia sign\u00e1lu. V\u00fdsledkom bude, \u017ee tam, kde na grafe bude prepad (teda najmen\u0161ie odrazenie sign\u00e1lu), bude pracovn\u00e9 p\u00e1smo ant\u00e9ny. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/6b76c3667d764ffa98ee25463cba8878.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPredstavovan\u00fd graf z\u00e1vislosti odrazenia od frekvencie. Po celom p\u00e1sme je odrazenie 100%, okrem pracovnej frekvencie ant\u00e9ny.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Pr\u00edstroj Osa103 Mini<\/h3>\n<p>\nNa merania budeme pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.osa103.ru\/\">OSA103 Mini<\/a><\/noindex>. Toto je univerz\u00e1lne meracie zariadenie, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00e1ja oscilloskop, gener\u00e1tor sign\u00e1lu, analyz\u00e1tor spektra, merac\u00ed pr\u00edstroj pre A\u010cH\/F\u010cH, vektorov\u00fd ant\u00e9nny analyz\u00e1tor, merac\u00ed pr\u00edstroj LC a dokonca aj SDR transceiver. Pracovn\u00fd rozsah OSA103 Mini je obmedzen\u00fd na 100 MHz, modul OSA-6G roz\u0161iruje frekven\u010dn\u00fd rozsah v re\u017eime IA\u010cH na 6 GHz. Nativn\u00fd program so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi funkciami m\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 3 MB, funguje na Windows a cez wine v Linuxe.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/2a959223b0f99593a8ba609429019cad.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n Osa103 Mini \u2014 univerz\u00e1lne meracie zariadenie pre r\u00e1dioamat\u00e9rov a in\u017einierov<\/p>\n<h3>Smerov\u00fd odpo\u0161\u013eova\u010d<\/h3>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/7ddcda098311bb0944b957204e09e91f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Smerov\u00fd odpo\u0161\u013eova\u010d (directional coupler) \u2014 zariadenie, ktor\u00e9 odvedie mal\u00fa \u010das\u0165 VHF-sign\u00e1lu, id\u00faceho v stanovenom smere. V na\u0161om pr\u00edpade by mal odpo\u0161\u013eova\u0165 \u010das\u0165 odrazen\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu (id\u00faceho od ant\u00e9ny sp\u00e4\u0165 do gener\u00e1tora) pre jeho meranie. <br \/>\nPreh\u013eadn\u00e1 uk\u00e1\u017eka fungovania smerov\u00e9ho odpo\u0161\u013eova\u010da: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=iBK9ZIx9YaY\">youtube.com\/watch?v=iBK9ZIx9YaY<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00e9 charakteristiky smerov\u00e9ho odpo\u0161\u013eova\u010da:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>Pracovn\u00e9 frekvencie<\/b> \u2014 rozsah frekvenci\u00ed, pri ktor\u00fdch hlavn\u00e9 parametre neprekra\u010duj\u00fa normu. M\u00f4j odpo\u0161\u013eova\u010d je ur\u010den\u00fd pre frekvencie od 1 do 1000 MHz <\/li>\n<li><b>Odpojenie (Coupling)<\/b> \u2014 ak\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 sign\u00e1lu (v decibeloch) bude odveden\u00e1 pri smerovan\u00ed vlny z IN do OUT<\/li>\n<li><b>Smerovos\u0165 (Directivity)<\/b> \u2014 ako m\u00e1lo sign\u00e1lu bude odveden\u00e9 pri pohybe sign\u00e1lu v opa\u010dnom smere z OUT do IN<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead to vyzer\u00e1 dos\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u011b. Pre preh\u013eadnos\u0165 si predstavme odpo\u0161\u013eova\u010d ako vodovodn\u00fa trubicu s mal\u00fdm odbo\u010den\u00edm vo vn\u00fatri. Odbo\u010denie je vytvoren\u00e9 tak, \u017ee pri pohybe vody v priamom smere (od IN k OUT) sa odv\u00e1dza podstatn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 vody. Mno\u017estvo vody, ktor\u00e9 sa odv\u00e1dza v tomto smere, ur\u010duje parameter Coupling v datasheete odpo\u0161\u013eova\u010da.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/96e6f67afd733afca5ec69b6bd566af3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPri pohybe vody v opa\u010dnom smere sa odvedie omnoho menej vody. M\u00f4\u017eeme to pova\u017eova\u0165 za ved\u013eaj\u0161\u00ed jav. Mno\u017estvo vody odveden\u00e9 pri tomto pohybe ur\u010duje parameter Directivity v datasheete. \u010c\u00edm je tento parameter men\u0161\u00ed (v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia hodnota dB), t\u00fdm je to lep\u0161ie pre na\u0161u \u00falohu. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/40ab73a0be05c89af4408c5af096bec9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Principi\u00e1lny sch\u00e9ma<\/h3>\n<p>\nKe\u010f\u017ee chceme mera\u0165 \u00farove\u0148 sign\u00e1lu odrazen\u00e9ho od ant\u00e9ny, pripoj\u00edme ju k IN odpo\u0161\u013eova\u010da, a gener\u00e1tor k OUT. Tak t\u00fdm do prij\u00edma\u010da prenikne \u010das\u0165 odrazen\u00e9ho od ant\u00e9ny sign\u00e1lu na meranie. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/bdf04c64d65c320d65e3db4b99c99363.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nSch\u00e9ma pripojenia odpo\u0161\u013eova\u010da. Odrazen\u00fd sign\u00e1l sa odvedie na prij\u00edma\u010d<\/p>\n<h3>Meracia in\u0161tal\u00e1cia<\/h3>\n<p>\nZostav\u00edme in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu na meranie KSV pod\u013ea sch\u00e9my. Na v\u00fdstupe gener\u00e1tora zariadenia dodato\u010dne nain\u0161talujeme atenu\u00e1tor so ziskom 15 dB. To zlep\u0161\u00ed zladenie odbo\u010dn\u00edka so v\u00fdstupom gener\u00e1tora a zv\u00fd\u0161i presnos\u0165 merania. Atenu\u00e1tor m\u00f4\u017eeme vzia\u0165 so ziskom 5..15 dB. Hodnota zisku sa automaticky zoh\u013eadn\u00ed pri neskor\u0161ej kalibr\u00e1cii.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/7a882805d26fdee67107f38f0864850c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nAtenu\u00e1tor oslabuje sign\u00e1l o pevn\u00fd po\u010det decibelov. Hlavnou charakteristikou atenu\u00e1tora je koeficient \u00fatlmu (atenu\u00e1cie) sign\u00e1lu a pracovn\u00fd frekven\u010dn\u00fd rozsah. V frekvenci\u00e1ch mimo pracovn\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma sa charakteristiky atenu\u00e1tora m\u00f4\u017eu nepredv\u00eddate\u013ene meni\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Takto vyzer\u00e1 fin\u00e1lna in\u0161tal\u00e1cia. Je tie\u017e potrebn\u00e9 nezabudn\u00fa\u0165 poskytn\u00fa\u0165 sign\u00e1l medzifrekvencie (MF) z modulu OSA-6G na hlavn\u00fa dosku pr\u00edstroja. Na to prepoj\u00edme port IF OUTPUT na hlavnej doske s INPUT na module OSA-6G.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/d1045f27ece8d915bbc0d5afaaa94da3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Na zn\u00ed\u017eenie \u00farovne ru\u0161enia od impulzn\u00e9ho zdroja nap\u00e1jania notebooku v\u0161etky merania vykon\u00e1vam pri nap\u00e1jan\u00ed notebooku z bat\u00e9rie. <br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/053c4405f0f06559d97ce171a2335447.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Kalibr\u00e1cia<\/h2>\n<p>\nPred za\u010diatkom meran\u00ed je potrebn\u00e9 overi\u0165 funk\u010dnos\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch uzlov pr\u00edstroja a kvalitu k\u00e1blov, preto prepoj\u00edme gener\u00e1tor a prij\u00edma\u010d k\u00e1blom priamo, zapneme gener\u00e1tor a vykon\u00e1me meranie A\u010cH. Z\u00edskame takmer rovn\u00fd graf na 0dB. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na celom frekven\u010dnom rozsahu sa v\u0161etka vy\u017earovan\u00e1 energia gener\u00e1tora dostala k prij\u00edma\u010du. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/8e5bc1632e289e083ef3abd3a9ab9cc4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPripojenie gener\u00e1tora priamo k prij\u00edma\u010du<\/p>\n<p>Prid\u00e1me do sch\u00e9my atenu\u00e1tor. Vidno takmer rovnomern\u00e9 oslabenie sign\u00e1lu o 15dB na celom rozsahu. <br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/490a7cb5a17313e73fb9c612d667e8f3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPripojenie gener\u00e1tora cez atenu\u00e1tor na 15dB k prij\u00edma\u010du<\/p>\n<p>Pripoj\u00edme gener\u00e1tor k konektoru OUT odbo\u010dn\u00edka, a prij\u00edma\u010d k CPL odbo\u010dn\u00edka. Ke\u010f\u017ee k portu IN nie je pripojen\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie, cel\u00fd generovan\u00fd sign\u00e1l sa m\u00e1 odr\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 a \u010das\u0165 odbo\u010dova\u0165 na prij\u00edma\u010d. Pod\u013ea d\u00e1tov\u00e9ho listu na n\u00e1\u0161 odbo\u010dn\u00edk (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ww2.minicircuits.com\/pdfs\/ZEDC-15-2B.pdf\">ZEDC-15-2B<\/a><\/noindex>), parameter Coupling is about ~15db, which means we should see a horizontal line around -30 dB (coupling + attenuator loss). However, since the operating range of the splitter is limited to 1 GHz, all measurements above this frequency can be considered meaningless. This is clearly visible in the graph; after 1 GHz, the readings are chaotic and lack significance. Therefore, all further measurements will be conducted within the working range of the splitter.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/ac734456bcd9752786af57efc9ac06bf.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nConnecting the splitter without load. The limit of the splitter's working range is visible.<\/p>\n<p>Since the measurement data above 1 GHz, in our case, is meaningless, we will limit the maximum frequency of the generator to the operational values of the splitter. The measurements yield a straight line.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/360c60083a6bd8ef2b46a8d24edb34e5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nLimiting the generator's range to the operational range of the splitter.<\/p>\n<p>To visually measure the SWR of antennas, we need to perform calibration to take the current parameters of the circuit (100% reflection) as the reference point, that is, zero dB. For this, the OSA103 Mini software has a built-in calibration function. Calibration is performed without a connected antenna (load), and the calibration data is recorded in a file and will be automatically considered in future graph constructions.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/6069e45a30f0a5a14f0ff0ab113bbb12.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nCalibration function of the SWR in the OSA103 Mini program.<\/p>\n<p>Applying the calibration results and starting measurements without load, we obtain a flat graph at 0dB. <br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/b916728c3dc3c644b437add9fa31736a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nGraph after calibration.<\/p>\n<h3>Measuring antennas.<\/h3>\n<p>\nNow we can proceed with measuring the antennas. Thanks to the calibration, we will see and measure the reduction in reflection after connecting the antenna. <\/p>\n<h2>Antenna from Aliexpress at 433MHz.<\/h2>\n<p>\nAntenna labeled 443MHz. It is clear that the antenna works most effectively in the range of 446MHz, at this frequency the SWR is 1.16. However, at the declared frequency, the indicators are significantly worse, at 433MHz the SWR is 4.2.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/7b9ba1ad3069235fb10fb92112f52097.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Unknown antenna 1<\/h2>\n<p>\nAntenna without labeling. According to the graph, it is designed for 800 MHz, presumably for the GSM range. To be fair, this antenna also works at 1800 MHz, but due to the limitations of the splitter, I cannot make accurate measurements at these frequencies.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/69c4c7d6084a0b835d141912f3465999.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Unknown antenna 2<\/h2>\n<p>\nAnother antenna that has been lying in my boxes for a long time. Apparently, it is also for the GSM range, but already better than the previous one. At a frequency of 764 MHz, the SWR is close to one, at 900 MHz the SWR is 1.4.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/d6c9c55c62865cf348001d2f26b0cd7b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Nezn\u00e1ma ant\u00e9na 3<\/h2>\n<p>\nToto vyzer\u00e1 ako Wi-Fi ant\u00e9na, ale konektor je nejak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom SMA-Male, nie RP-SMA, ako pri v\u0161etk\u00fdch Wi-Fi ant\u00e9nach. Pod\u013ea meran\u00ed t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na nie je u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 na frekvenci\u00e1ch pod 1 MHz. Znovu, kv\u00f4li obmedzeniam rozde\u013eova\u010da nevieme, \u010do t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na vlastne je.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/554d1bb265a202f8129882cff1d45c88.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Teleskopick\u00e1 ant\u00e9na<\/h2>\n<p>\nPok\u00fasime sa vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165, ako \u010faleko mus\u00edme vytiahnu\u0165 teleskopick\u00fa ant\u00e9nu pre p\u00e1smo 433MHz. Vzorec na v\u00fdpo\u010det vlnovej d\u013a\u017eky: \u03bb = C\/f, kde C je r\u00fdchlos\u0165 svetla, f je frekvencia.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"plaintext\">299.792.458 \/ 443.000.000 = 0.69719176279\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\n<b>Celkov\u00e1 vlnov\u00e1 d\u013a\u017eka<\/b> \u2014 69,24 cm<br \/>\n<b>Polovi\u010dn\u00e1 vlnov\u00e1 d\u013a\u017eka<\/b> \u2014 34,62 cm<br \/>\n<b>\u0160tvrtinov\u00e1 vlnov\u00e1 d\u013a\u017eka<\/b> \u2014 17,31 cm<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/928234231cbc70c38eda904650cb191f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nTakto vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e1 ant\u00e9na sa uk\u00e1zala ako \u00faplne neu\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1. Na frekvencii 433MHz je hodnota VSWR 11. <br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/828b8bc7eacb444902373ade0690e769.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nExperiment\u00e1lnym sp\u00f4sobom vytiahnut\u00edm ant\u00e9ny sa mi podarilo dosiahnu\u0165 minim\u00e1lnu hodnotu VSWR 2.8 pri d\u013a\u017eke ant\u00e9ny pribli\u017ene 50 cm. Pri tom sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee hr\u00fabka sekci\u00ed m\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00fd v\u00fdznam. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee s vytiahnut\u00edm len tenk\u00fdch krajov\u00fdch sekci\u00ed bol v\u00fdsledok lep\u0161\u00ed ako pri vytiahnut\u00ed na t\u00fa ist\u00fa d\u013a\u017eku len hrub\u00fdch sekci\u00ed. Neviem, do akej miery by som sa mal na tieto v\u00fdpo\u010dty t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa d\u013a\u017eky teleskopickej ant\u00e9ny spolieha\u0165, preto\u017ee v praxi nefunguj\u00fa. Mo\u017eno s in\u00fdmi ant\u00e9nami alebo frekvenciami to funguje inak, neviem.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/834043959699179660d30b5653ba7ecd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>K\u00fasok dr\u00f4tu na 433MHz<\/h2>\n<p>\n\u010casto v r\u00f4znych zariadeniach, ako s\u00fa r\u00e1diov\u00e9 vyp\u00edna\u010de, m\u00f4\u017eete vidie\u0165 k\u00fasok priam\u00e9ho dr\u00f4tu ako ant\u00e9nu. Odrezal som k\u00fasok dr\u00f4tu rovnaj\u00faci sa \u0161tvrtine vlnovej d\u013a\u017eky 433 MHz (17,3 cm) a sp\u00e1jkoval som koniec tak, aby presne zapadol do konektora SMA Female. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/32bc231d1a8cf9d54db19d3baace112c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV\u00fdsledok bol zvl\u00e1\u0161tny: tak\u00fd dr\u00f4t celkom dobre funguje na 360 MHz, ale je neu\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd na 433 MHz.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/e28f05ef88e4306ebb4a8a77e7ae844c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nZa\u010dal som po k\u00faskoch skracova\u0165 dr\u00f4t z konca a sledoval som hodnotenia. Prepad na grafe sa za\u010dal pomaly pos\u00fava\u0165 doprava, smerom k 433 MHz. Nakoniec pri d\u013a\u017eke dr\u00f4tu pribli\u017ene 15,5 cm sa mi podarilo dosiahnu\u0165 najni\u017e\u0161iu hodnotu VSWR 1.8 na frekvencii 438 MHz. \u010eal\u0161ie skr\u00e1tenie k\u00e1bla viedlo k zv\u00fd\u0161eniu VSWR.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Na ak\u00e9 p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? Meriame parametre ant\u00e9n\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/42496a059f333808e836b5a62c281a7b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1ver<\/h2>\n<p>\nKv\u00f4li obmedzeniam rozde\u013eova\u010da sa nedalo mera\u0165 ant\u00e9ny na p\u00e1smach nad 1 GHz, napr\u00edklad Wi-Fi ant\u00e9ny. To by sa dalo spravi\u0165, keby som mal \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rozde\u013eova\u010d.<\/p>\n<p>Rozde\u013eova\u010d, pripojovacie k\u00e1ble, zariadenie a dokonca aj notebook \u2013 to s\u00fa \u010dasti v\u00fdslednej ant\u00e9nnej s\u00fastavy. Ich geometria, poloha v priestore a okolit\u00fd predmety ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa v\u00fdsledok merania. Po in\u0161tal\u00e1cii na skuto\u010dn\u00fa r\u00e1diostanicu alebo modem sa m\u00f4\u017ee frekvencia posun\u00fa\u0165, preto\u017ee telo r\u00e1diostanice, modemu a oper\u00e1tora sa stan\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ant\u00e9ny.<\/p>\n<p>OSA103 Mini \u2013 ve\u013emi skvel\u00e9 multifunk\u010dn\u00e9 zariadenie. Vyslovujem po\u010fakovanie jeho v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rovi za konzult\u00e1ciu pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed meran\u00ed.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/447092\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2014 \u041d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430? \u2014 \u041d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c. \u2014 \u041a\u0410\u0410\u0410\u041a?!?! \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0432 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438? \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u0443\u0436\u0435? \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f \u043c\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d, \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b. \u041e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":23504,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/na-kakoj-diapazon-eta-antenna-izmeryaem-harakteristiki-antenn\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u041d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430? \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u043d | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/na-kakoj-diapazon-eta-antenna-izmeryaem-harakteristiki-antenn\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:41:58+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:41:58+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Na ak\u00fd p\u00e1smo je t\u00e1to ant\u00e9na? 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