{"id":31656,"date":"2019-10-31T21:42:23","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:42:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vnedrenie-idm-podgotovka-k-vnedreniyu-so-storony-zakazchika\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:42:23","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:42:23","slug":"vnedrenie-idm-podgotovka-k-vnedreniyu-so-storony-zakazchika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vnedrenie-idm-podgotovka-k-vnedreniyu-so-storony-zakazchika","title":{"rendered":"Implement\u00e1cia IdM. Pr\u00edprava na implement\u00e1ciu zo strany z\u00e1kazn\u00edka","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich \u010dl\u00e1nkoch sme sa u\u017e venovali tomu, \u010do je IdM, ako zisti\u0165, \u010di va\u0161a organiz\u00e1cia potrebuje tak\u00fdto syst\u00e9m, ak\u00e9 \u00falohy rie\u0161i a ako od\u00f4vodni\u0165 rozpo\u010det na implement\u00e1ciu pred veden\u00edm. Dnes sa budeme zaobera\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdmi krokmi, ktor\u00fdmi si mus\u00ed organiz\u00e1cia prejs\u0165, aby dosiahla potrebn\u00fd \u00farove\u0148 zrelosti pred implement\u00e1ciou syst\u00e9mu IdM. IdM m\u00e1 za cie\u013e automatizova\u0165 procesy a nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 automatizova\u0165 chaos.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implement\u00e1cia IdM. Pr\u00edprava na implement\u00e1ciu zo strany z\u00e1kazn\u00edka\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/7afbc5d602a3a4ac7d254438769f7cf1.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Predt\u00fdm, ako spolo\u010dnos\u0165 dorastie do ve\u013ek\u00fdch rozmerov a nahromad\u00ed si r\u00f4zne podnikov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, zvy\u010dajne neuva\u017euje o spr\u00e1ve pr\u00edstupu. Preto procesy z\u00edskavania pr\u00e1v a kontroly opr\u00e1vnen\u00ed nie s\u00fa v nej \u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00e9 a zle sa podrobuj\u00fa anal\u00fdze. Zamestnanci pod\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u017eiadosti o pr\u00edstup, ako sa im zachce, proces schva\u013eovania nie je form\u00e1lny a niekedy proste neexistuje. Nemo\u017eno r\u00fdchlo zisti\u0165, ak\u00e9 pr\u00edstupy m\u00e1 zamestnanec, kto ich schv\u00e1lil a na akom z\u00e1klade.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implement\u00e1cia IdM. Pr\u00edprava na implement\u00e1ciu zo strany z\u00e1kazn\u00edka\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/1c0a8c343cc577d6f8ad11d0b862a734.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nVzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee proces automatiz\u00e1cie pr\u00edstupu sa dot\u00fdka dvoch hlavn\u00fdch str\u00e1n \u2013 person\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov a \u00fadajov informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, s ktor\u00fdmi je potrebn\u00e9 integrova\u0165, zv\u00e1\u017eime kroky potrebn\u00e9 na zabezpe\u010denie hladkej implement\u00e1cie IdM, ktor\u00e1 nesp\u00f4sob\u00ed odpor:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Anal\u00fdza person\u00e1lnych procesov a optimaliz\u00e1cia spr\u00e1vy datab\u00e1zy zamestnancov v person\u00e1lnych syst\u00e9moch.<\/li>\n<li>Anal\u00fdza \u00fadajov o pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eoch a pr\u00edstupoch, ako aj aktualiz\u00e1cia sp\u00f4sobov spr\u00e1vy pr\u00edstupu v cie\u013eov\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch, ktor\u00e9 sa pl\u00e1nuje pripoji\u0165 k IdM.<\/li>\n<li>Organiza\u010dn\u00e9 opatrenia a zapojenie zamestnancov do procesu pr\u00edpravy na implement\u00e1ciu IdM.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Person\u00e1lne \u00fadaje<\/h3>\n<p>\nZdroj person\u00e1lnych \u00fadajov v organiz\u00e1cii m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 jeden alebo viacero. Napr\u00edklad organiz\u00e1cia m\u00f4\u017ee ma\u0165 \u0161irok\u00fa pobo\u010dkov\u00fa sie\u0165 a v ka\u017edej pobo\u010dke m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e1 vlastn\u00e1 person\u00e1lna datab\u00e1za.<\/p>\n<p>Predov\u0161etk\u00fdm je potrebn\u00e9 pochopi\u0165, ak\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 \u00fadaje o zamestnancoch s\u00fa uchov\u00e1van\u00e9 v syst\u00e9me person\u00e1lneho \u00fa\u010dtovn\u00edctva, ak\u00e9 udalosti sa zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00fa a pos\u00fadi\u0165 ich \u00faplnos\u0165 a \u0161trukt\u00faru.<\/p>\n<p>\u010casto sa st\u00e1va, \u017ee nie v\u0161etky person\u00e1lne udalosti s\u00fa zaznamen\u00e1van\u00e9 v person\u00e1lnom zdroji (a e\u0161te \u010dastej\u0161ie s\u00fa zaznamen\u00e1van\u00e9 oneskorene a nie \u00faplne presne). Tu je nieko\u013eko typick\u00fdch pr\u00edkladov:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>nezan\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa sa dovolenky, ich kateg\u00f3rie a term\u00edny (riadne alebo dlh\u00e9);<\/li>\n<li>nefixuje sa \u010diasto\u010dn\u00e1 zamestnanos\u0165: napr\u00edklad po\u010das dlhodobej materskej dovolenky m\u00f4\u017ee zamestnanec z\u00e1rove\u0148 pracova\u0165 na \u010diasto\u010dn\u00fd \u00fav\u00e4zok;<\/li>\n<li>skuto\u010dn\u00fd status kandid\u00e1ta alebo zamestnanca sa u\u017e zmenil (naberanie\/premiestnenie\/prepustenie), pr\u00edkaz o tejto udalosti sa v\u0161ak oneskorene vyd\u00e1va;<\/li>\n<li>zamestnanca premiest\u0148uj\u00fa na nov\u00fa pracovn\u00fa poz\u00edciu cez prepustenie, pri\u010dom v person\u00e1lnom syst\u00e9me sa nezaznamen\u00e1va inform\u00e1cia o tom, \u017ee ide o technick\u00e9 prepustenie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nRovnako je potrebn\u00e9 osobitne venova\u0165 pozornos\u0165 hodnoteniu kvality \u00fadajov, preto\u017ee ak\u00e9ko\u013evek chyby a nepresnosti z\u00edskan\u00e9 z d\u00f4veryhodn\u00e9ho zdroja, ktor\u00fdm s\u00fa syst\u00e9my spr\u00e1vy zamestnancov, m\u00f4\u017eu nesk\u00f4r st\u00e1\u0165 ve\u013ea pe\u0148az\u00ed a sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 mno\u017estvo probl\u00e9mov pri implement\u00e1cii IdM. Napr\u00edklad zamestnanci person\u00e1lnych slu\u017eieb \u010dasto zav\u00e1dzaj\u00fa poz\u00edcie zamestnancov do person\u00e1lneho syst\u00e9mu v r\u00f4znych form\u00e1toch: ve\u013ek\u00e9 a mal\u00e9 p\u00edsmen\u00e1, skratky, r\u00f4zny po\u010det medzier a podobne. V\u00fdsledkom je, \u017ee t\u00e1 ist\u00e1 poz\u00edcia m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v person\u00e1lnom syst\u00e9me zaznamenan\u00e1 v t\u00fdchto vari\u00e1ci\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ved\u00faci mana\u017e\u00e9r<\/li>\n<li>ved\u00faci mana\u017e\u00e9r<\/li>\n<li>v. mana\u017e\u00e9r<\/li>\n<li>v. mana\u017e\u00e9r\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u010casto sa stretneme aj s rozdielmi v p\u00edsan\u00ed Meno a Priezvisko:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0160mel\u00ebva Nat\u00e1lia Gennadiyevna,<\/li>\n<li>\u0160mel\u00ebva Nat\u00e1lia Gennadievna\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPre \u010fal\u0161iu automatiz\u00e1ciu tak\u00fdto zm\u00e4tok nie je prijate\u013en\u00fd, obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 ak s\u00fa tieto atrib\u00faty k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm znakom identifik\u00e1cie, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u00fadaje o zamestnancovi a jeho pr\u00e1vomociach sa v syst\u00e9moch porovn\u00e1vaj\u00fa pr\u00e1ve pod\u013ea Mena a Priezviska.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implement\u00e1cia IdM. Pr\u00edprava na implement\u00e1ciu zo strany z\u00e1kazn\u00edka\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/02a88e4af7d06b3eb0268b5a9f38e8a6.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nNavy\u0161e, nemali by sme zab\u00fada\u0165 na mo\u017enos\u0165 existencie pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch priezvisk a \u00fapln\u00fdch mien. Ak je v organiz\u00e1cii tis\u00edc zamestnancov, tak\u00fdchto zcohoden\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 m\u00e1lo, ale ak je ich 50 tis\u00edc, m\u00f4\u017ee to predstavova\u0165 kritick\u00fa prek\u00e1\u017eku pre spr\u00e1vnu funkciu IdM syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p><b>Zhr\u0148uj\u00fac v\u0161etko vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e9, dospejeme k z\u00e1veru: form\u00e1t zad\u00e1vania \u00fadajov do person\u00e1lnej datab\u00e1zy organiz\u00e1cie by mal by\u0165 \u0161tandardizovan\u00fd.<\/b> Parametre zad\u00e1vania Mena a Priezviska, poz\u00edci\u00ed a oddelen\u00ed by mali by\u0165 presne definovan\u00e9. Optim\u00e1lny variant je, ke\u010f person\u00e1lny pracovn\u00edk nezad\u00e1va \u00fadaje manu\u00e1lne, ale vyber\u00e1 ich z predpripraven\u00e9ho zoznamu \u0161trukt\u00fary oddelen\u00ed a poz\u00edci\u00ed pomocou funkcie \u201eselect\u201c, ktor\u00e1 je k dispoz\u00edcii v person\u00e1lnom syst\u00e9me.<\/p>\n<p>Aby sme predi\u0161li \u010fal\u0161\u00edm chyb\u00e1m v synchroniz\u00e1cii a vyhli sa ru\u010dn\u00e9mu opravovaniu nezrovnalost\u00ed v spr\u00e1vach, <b>najpreferovanej\u0161\u00edm sp\u00f4sobom identifik\u00e1cie zamestnancov je zavedenie ID <\/b>pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho zamestnanca organiz\u00e1cie. Tento identifik\u00e1tor bude pridelen\u00fd ka\u017ed\u00e9mu nov\u00e9mu zamestnancovi a bude sa vyskytova\u0165 ako v person\u00e1lnom syst\u00e9me, tak aj v informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch organiz\u00e1cie ako povinn\u00fd atrib\u00fat \u00fa\u010dtu. Nez\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na tom, \u010di pozost\u00e1va z \u010d\u00edslic alebo p\u00edsmen - d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 je, aby bol pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho zamestnanca jedine\u010dn\u00fd (napr\u00edklad mnoh\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa zamestnaneck\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo). V bud\u00facnosti zavedenie tohto atrib\u00fatu v\u00fdznamne u\u013eah\u010d\u00ed prepojenie \u00fadajov o zamestnancovi v person\u00e1lnom zdroji s jeho \u00fa\u010dtami a opr\u00e1vneniami v informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u017ee v\u0161etky kroky a mechanizmy person\u00e1lneho \u00fa\u010dtovn\u00edctva bude potrebn\u00e9 analyzova\u0165 a upravi\u0165. Je ve\u013emi mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 procesy bude potrebn\u00e9 zmeni\u0165 alebo doplni\u0165. Je to zd\u013ahav\u00e1 a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca, ale je nevyhnutn\u00e1, inak nedostatok jasn\u00fdch a \u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00fdch \u00fadajov o person\u00e1lnych udalostiach povedie k chyb\u00e1m pri ich automatickom spracovan\u00ed. V najhor\u0161om pr\u00edpade nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 ne\u0161trukturovan\u00e9 procesy v\u00f4bec automatizova\u0165.<\/p>\n<h3>Cie\u013eov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/h3>\n<p>\nV \u010fal\u0161ej f\u00e1ze je potrebn\u00e9 zisti\u0165, ko\u013eko informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov chceme integrova\u0165 do \u0161trukt\u00fary IdM, ak\u00e9 \u00fadaje o pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eoch a ich pr\u00e1vach s\u00fa ulo\u017een\u00e9 v t\u00fdchto syst\u00e9moch a ako nimi spravova\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>V mnoh\u00fdch organiz\u00e1ci\u00e1ch prevl\u00e1da n\u00e1zor, \u017ee akon\u00e1hle nain\u0161talujeme IdM, nastav\u00edme konektory na cie\u013eov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, v\u0161etko za\u010dne fungova\u0165 akoby m\u00e1vnut\u00edm \u010darovn\u00e9ho pr\u00fatika, bez \u010fal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1mahy z na\u0161ej strany. To, \u017eia\u013e, takto nefunguje. V spolo\u010dnostiach sa krajina informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov postupne vyv\u00edja a roz\u0161iruje. V ka\u017edom z t\u00fdchto syst\u00e9mov m\u00f4\u017ee existova\u0165 r\u00f4zny pr\u00edstup k poskytovaniu spr\u00e1vy pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, teda m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 nastaven\u00e9 r\u00f4zne rozhrania na riadenie pr\u00edstupu. Niekde sa spr\u00e1va uskuto\u010d\u0148uje prostredn\u00edctvom API (application programming interface), niekde cez datab\u00e1zu pomocou ulo\u017een\u00fdch proced\u00far, inde m\u00f4\u017eu rozhrania na interakciu dokonca ch\u00fdba\u0165. Je potrebn\u00e9 by\u0165 pripraven\u00fd na to, \u017ee bude potrebn\u00e9 prehodnoti\u0165 mnoh\u00e9 existuj\u00face procesy spr\u00e1vy pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dtov a pr\u00e1v v syst\u00e9moch organiz\u00e1cie: zmeni\u0165 form\u00e1t d\u00e1t, vopred upravi\u0165 rozhrania interakcie a vy\u010dleni\u0165 zdroje na tieto pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n<h3>Rolov\u00e1 model<\/h3>\n<p>\nS pojmom rolovej modely sa pravdepodobne stretnete u\u017e v \u0161t\u00e1diu v\u00fdberu dod\u00e1vate\u013ea IdM rie\u0161enia, preto\u017ee je to jedna z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch my\u0161lienok v oblasti spr\u00e1vy pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. V tejto modeli sa poskytovanie pr\u00edstupu k \u00fadajom uskuto\u010d\u0148uje prostredn\u00edctvom rol\u00ed. Rola je s\u00fabor pr\u00edstupov, minim\u00e1lne potrebn\u00fdch na to, aby zamestnanec na ur\u010ditej poz\u00edcii mohol vykon\u00e1va\u0165 svoje funk\u010dn\u00e9 povinnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Rolov\u00e1 spr\u00e1va pr\u00edstupu m\u00e1 nieko\u013eko nepopierate\u013en\u00fdch v\u00fdhod:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>jednoduchos\u0165 a efekt\u00edvnos\u0165 prira\u010fovania rovnak\u00fdch pr\u00e1v ve\u013ek\u00e9mu po\u010dtu zamestnancov;<\/li>\n<li>operat\u00edvna zmena pr\u00edstupu zamestnancov, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa rovnak\u00fd s\u00fabor pr\u00e1v; <\/li>\n<li>vyl\u00fa\u010denie nadbyto\u010dnosti pr\u00e1v a rozdelenie nezlu\u010dite\u013en\u00fdch opr\u00e1vnen\u00ed pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nRolov\u00e1 matica sa najprv vybuduje osobitne v ka\u017edom z syst\u00e9mov organiz\u00e1cie a potom sa roz\u0161\u00edri na cel\u00fa IT krajinu, kde sa z rol\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu vytvoria glob\u00e1lne biznisov\u00e9 role. Napr\u00edklad biznisov\u00e1 rola \u201e\u00da\u010dtovn\u00edk\u201c bude zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 nieko\u013eko samostatn\u00fdch rol\u00ed z ka\u017edej z informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v \u00fa\u010dtovn\u00edctve podniku.<\/p>\n<p>Ned\u00e1vno sa pova\u017euje za \u201enajlep\u0161iu prax\u201c, \u017ee u\u017e v \u0161t\u00e1diu v\u00fdvoja aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, datab\u00e1z a opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov by sa mala vytvori\u0165 rolov\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa niekedy st\u00e1va, \u017ee v syst\u00e9me nie s\u00fa nastaven\u00e9 \u017eiadne role alebo s\u00fa pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 len minim\u00e1lne. V tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch by mal administr\u00e1tor tohto syst\u00e9mu vlo\u017ei\u0165 \u00fadaje o \u00fa\u010dte do nieko\u013ek\u00fdch r\u00f4znych s\u00faborov, kni\u017en\u00edc a adres\u00e1rov, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 opr\u00e1vnenia. Vyu\u017eitie vopred stanoven\u00fdch rol\u00ed v\u0161ak umo\u017e\u0148uje ude\u013eova\u0165 opr\u00e1vnenia na vykon\u00e1vanie cel\u00e9ho komplexu oper\u00e1ci\u00ed v syst\u00e9me so zlo\u017een\u00fdmi d\u00e1tami.<\/p>\n<p>Roly v informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch sa zvy\u010dajne prira\u010fuj\u00fa k poz\u00edci\u00e1m a oddeleniam pod\u013ea organiza\u010dnej \u0161trukt\u00fary, ale m\u00f4\u017eu sa vytvori\u0165 aj pre ur\u010dit\u00e9 obchodn\u00e9 procesy. Napr\u00edklad vo finan\u010dnej organiz\u00e1cii nieko\u013eko zamestnancov oddelenia v\u00fdpo\u010dtov vykon\u00e1va rovnak\u00fa poz\u00edciu \u2013 oper\u00e1tor. Vo vn\u00fatri oddelenia v\u0161ak existuje aj rozdelenie na jednotliv\u00e9 procesy pod\u013ea r\u00f4znych typov oper\u00e1ci\u00ed (vonkaj\u0161ie alebo vn\u00fatorn\u00e9, v r\u00f4znych men\u00e1ch, s r\u00f4znymi segmentmi organiz\u00e1cie). Aby ka\u017ed\u00e9mu obchodn\u00e9mu smeru jedn\u00e9ho oddelenia bol poskytnut\u00fd pr\u00edstup v informa\u010dnom syst\u00e9me pod\u013ea po\u017eadovanej \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie, je potrebn\u00e9 zahrn\u00fa\u0165 pr\u00e1va do samostatn\u00fdch funk\u010dn\u00fdch rol\u00ed. To umo\u017en\u00ed poskytn\u00fa\u0165 minim\u00e1lne potrebn\u00fd s\u00fabor opr\u00e1vnen\u00ed, ktor\u00fd nezah\u0155\u0148a nadbyto\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1va pre ka\u017ed\u00fd smer \u010dinnosti.<\/p>\n<p>Okrem toho pre ve\u013ek\u00e9 syst\u00e9my so stovkami rol\u00ed, tis\u00edckami pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov a mili\u00f3nmi opr\u00e1vnen\u00ed je dobrou praxou pou\u017e\u00edvanie hierarchie rol\u00ed a dedi\u010dstva opr\u00e1vnen\u00ed. Napr\u00edklad rodi\u010dovsk\u00e1 rola Administr\u00e1tor bude dedi\u0165 opr\u00e1vnenia od dc\u00e9rskych rol\u00ed: Pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e a \u010citate\u013e, preto\u017ee Administr\u00e1tor m\u00f4\u017ee robi\u0165 v\u0161etko to, \u010do Pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e a \u010citate\u013e, a navy\u0161e bude ma\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie administr\u00e1torsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1va. Pri pou\u017eit\u00ed hierarchie nie je potrebn\u00e9 opakovane uv\u00e1dza\u0165 rovnak\u00e9 pr\u00e1va v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch rol\u00e1ch jedn\u00e9ho modulu alebo syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p>V prvej f\u00e1ze je mo\u017en\u00e9 vytvori\u0165 role v t\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch, kde je mo\u017en\u00e9 mno\u017estvo kombin\u00e1ci\u00ed pr\u00e1v relat\u00edvne mal\u00e9, a teda nie je zlo\u017eit\u00e9 spravova\u0165 mal\u00e9 mno\u017estvo rol\u00ed. M\u00f4\u017eu to by\u0165 typov\u00e9 pr\u00e1va potrebn\u00e9 v\u0161etk\u00fdm zamestnancom spolo\u010dnosti, v verejn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch, ako je adres\u00e1r Active Directory (AD), e-mailov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, Service Manager a podobne. Potom bud\u00fa vytvoren\u00e9 rolov\u00e9 matice pre informa\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my m\u00f4c\u0165 by\u0165 zahrnut\u00e9 do celkovej rolovej modely, spojen\u00edm do Biznis-rol\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00edm tak\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu bude \u010falej pri implement\u00e1cii IdM-syst\u00e9mu jednoduch\u00e9 automatizova\u0165 cel\u00fd proces poskytovania pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v na z\u00e1klade vytvoren\u00fdch rol\u00ed prvej f\u00e1zy.<\/p>\n<p><b>N.B. <\/b>Nesna\u017ete sa hne\u010f zahrn\u00fa\u0165 do integr\u00e1cie \u010do najviac syst\u00e9mov. Syst\u00e9my s komplikovanej\u0161ou architekt\u00farou a \u0161trukt\u00farou spr\u00e1vy pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch pr\u00e1v by mali by\u0165 v prvej f\u00e1ze pripojen\u00e9 k IdM v polokoautomatickom re\u017eime. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na z\u00e1klade person\u00e1lnych udalost\u00ed by sa malo automaticky vytvori\u0165 iba \u017eiadanie o pr\u00edstup, ktor\u00e9 bude zaslan\u00e9 na spracovanie administr\u00e1torovi, a ten nastav\u00ed pr\u00e1va ru\u010dne.<\/p>\n<p>Po \u00faspe\u0161nom dokon\u010den\u00ed prvej f\u00e1zy je mo\u017en\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 funk\u010dnos\u0165 syst\u00e9mu na nov\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 biznis procesy, vykona\u0165 \u00fapln\u00fa automatiz\u00e1ciu a \u0161k\u00e1lovanie s pripojen\u00edm \u010fal\u0161\u00edch informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implement\u00e1cia IdM. Pr\u00edprava na implement\u00e1ciu zo strany z\u00e1kazn\u00edka\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/8962ae078524c321544b00816e2d3780.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>In\u00fdmi slovami, aby sa \u010dlovek pripravil na implement\u00e1ciu IdM, je potrebn\u00e9 zhodnoti\u0165 pripravenos\u0165 informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov na nov\u00fd proces a vopred upravi\u0165 extern\u00e9 rozhrania interakcie na spr\u00e1vu \u00fa\u010dtov a pr\u00e1v pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, ak tak\u00e9to rozhrania v syst\u00e9me ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa. Rovnako je potrebn\u00e9 sa zaobera\u0165 ot\u00e1zkou postupn\u00e9ho vytv\u00e1rania rol\u00ed v informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch na komplexn\u00e9 riadenie pr\u00edstupu.<\/i><\/p>\n<h3>Organiza\u010dn\u00e9 opatrenia<\/h3>\n<p>\nNeh\u00e1d\u017ete bokom organiza\u010dn\u00e9 aspekty. V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017eu hra\u0165 rozhoduj\u00facu \u00falohu, preto\u017ee efekt\u00edvna komunik\u00e1cia medzi oddeleniami \u010dasto ovplyv\u0148uje v\u00fdsledok cel\u00e9ho projektu. Preto obvykle odpor\u00fa\u010dame vytvori\u0165 v organiz\u00e1cii t\u00edm \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov procesu, ktor\u00fd bude zah\u0155\u0148a\u0165 v\u0161etky z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00e9 oddelenia. Ke\u010f\u017ee pre \u013eud\u00ed ide o dodato\u010dn\u00fa z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e, sna\u017ete sa vopred vysvetli\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkom bud\u00faceho procesu ich \u00falohu a v\u00fdznam v \u0161trukt\u00fare interakcie. Ak sa na tomto kroku podar\u00ed \u201epreda\u0165\u201c kolegom my\u0161lienku IdM, mnoh\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom v bud\u00facnosti sa d\u00e1 vyhn\u00fa\u0165.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implement\u00e1cia IdM. Pr\u00edprava na implement\u00e1ciu zo strany z\u00e1kazn\u00edka\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/b230e2a7bba590300dd11a4e7eefdf60.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n\u010casto s\u00fa \u201edr\u017eite\u013emi\u201c projektu implement\u00e1cie IdM v spolo\u010dnosti oddelenia informa\u010dnej bezpe\u010dnosti alebo IT, pri\u010dom n\u00e1zory biznis-oddelen\u00ed sa ignoruj\u00fa. To je ve\u013ek\u00e1 chyba, preto\u017ee len oni vedia, ak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom a v ktor\u00fdch biznis procesoch sa vyu\u017e\u00edva ka\u017ed\u00fd zdroj, komu treba poskytn\u00fa\u0165 pr\u00edstup a komu nie. Preto je v priebehu pr\u00edpravy d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 zd\u00f4razni\u0165, \u017ee podnikate\u013esk\u00fd vlastn\u00edk je zodpovedn\u00fd za funk\u010dn\u00fa model, na z\u00e1klade ktor\u00e9ho sa vypracov\u00e1vaj\u00fa s\u00fabory pr\u00e1v (rol\u00ed) pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov v informa\u010dnom syst\u00e9me, ako aj za to, aby tieto role boli aktu\u00e1lne. Rolov\u00e1 model nie je statick\u00e1 matica, ktor\u00fa raz zostavili a m\u00f4\u017eete s t\u00fdm by\u0165 spokojn\u00ed. Je to \u201e\u017eiv\u00fd organizmus\u201c, ktor\u00fd sa mus\u00ed neust\u00e1le meni\u0165, aktualizova\u0165 a vyv\u00edja\u0165, aby sledoval zmeny v \u0161trukt\u00fare organiz\u00e1cie a funkci\u00e1ch zamestnancov. Inak sa za\u010dn\u00fa probl\u00e9my so oneskoren\u00edm v poskytovan\u00ed pr\u00edstupu alebo vznikn\u00fa rizik\u00e1 informa\u010dnej bezpe\u010dnosti spojen\u00e9 s nadbyto\u010dn\u00fdmi pr\u00edstupov\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vami, \u010do je e\u0161te hor\u0161ie.<\/p>\n<p>Ako je zn\u00e1me, \u201es mnoh\u00fdmi opatrovate\u013ekami je die\u0165a bez oka\u201c, preto by mala by\u0165 vo firme vypracovan\u00e1 metodol\u00f3gia, ktor\u00e1 opisuje architekt\u00faru rolov\u00e9ho modelu, interakciu a zodpovednos\u0165 konkr\u00e9tnych \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov procesu za udr\u017eiavanie jej aktu\u00e1lnosti. Ak m\u00e1 firma ve\u013ea oblast\u00ed podnikania a teda mno\u017estvo oddelen\u00ed a kancel\u00e1ri\u00ed, je potrebn\u00e9 pre ka\u017ed\u00fa oblas\u0165 (napr\u00edklad \u00faverovanie, opera\u010dn\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165, dia\u013ekov\u00e9 slu\u017eby, compliance a in\u00e9) v r\u00e1mci procesu riadenia pr\u00edstupu ozna\u010di\u0165 samostatn\u00fdch kur\u00e1torov. Cez nich bude mo\u017en\u00e9 operat\u00edvne z\u00edska\u0165 inform\u00e1cie o zmen\u00e1ch v \u0161trukt\u00fare oddelenia a pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch pr\u00e1vach potrebn\u00fdch pre ka\u017ed\u00fa rolu.<\/p>\n<p>Ur\u010dite je potrebn\u00e9 z\u00edska\u0165 podporu vedenia organiz\u00e1cie na rie\u0161enie konfliktov medzi oddeleniami \u2013 \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkmi procesu. A konflikty pri zav\u00e1dzan\u00ed ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek nov\u00e9ho procesu s\u00fa nevyhnutn\u00e9, verte na\u0161im sk\u00fasenostiam. Preto je potrebn\u00fd rozhodca, ktor\u00fd bude rie\u0161i\u0165 mo\u017en\u00e9 konflikty z\u00e1ujmov, aby sme nestr\u00e1cali \u010das kv\u00f4li nezhod\u00e1m a sabot\u00e1\u017eam.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Implement\u00e1cia IdM. Pr\u00edprava na implement\u00e1ciu zo strany z\u00e1kazn\u00edka\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/2d52e4b68be059cd908ed5c9dfc3cfb5.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<b>N.B. <\/b>Dobr\u00fdm za\u010diatkom na zv\u00fd\u0161enie \u00farovne informovanosti bude \u0161kolenie person\u00e1lu. Podrobn\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadium fungovania bud\u00faceho procesu a \u00falohy ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edka v \u0148om umo\u017en\u00ed minimalizova\u0165 \u0165a\u017ekosti prechodu na nov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie.<\/p>\n<h3>Kontroln\u00fd zoznam<\/h3>\n<p>\nNa z\u00e1ver zhrnieme hlavn\u00e9 kroky, ktor\u00e9 by mala organiz\u00e1cia podnikn\u00fa\u0165, ak pl\u00e1nuje zavedenie IdM:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>usporiada\u0165 \u00fadaje o zamestnancoch;<\/li>\n<li>zavies\u0165 jedine\u010dn\u00fd identifika\u010dn\u00fd parameter pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho zamestnanca;<\/li>\n<li>zhodnoti\u0165 pripravenos\u0165 informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov na zavedenie IdM;<\/li>\n<li>vypracova\u0165 rozhrania na interakciu s informa\u010dn\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami na spr\u00e1vu pr\u00edstupu, ak ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa, a vy\u010dleni\u0165 prostriedky na tieto pr\u00e1ce;<\/li>\n<li>vypracova\u0165 a postavi\u0165 rolov\u00fd model;<\/li>\n<li>vybudova\u0165 proces riadenia rolov\u00e9ho modelu a zahrn\u00fa\u0165 do\u0148 kur\u00e1torov z ka\u017ed\u00e9ho podnikate\u013esk\u00e9ho smerovania;<\/li>\n<li>vybra\u0165 nieko\u013eko syst\u00e9mov na po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 pripojenie k IdM;<\/li>\n<li>vytvori\u0165 efekt\u00edvny projektov\u00fd t\u00edm;<\/li>\n<li>z\u00edska\u0165 podporu vedenia firmy;<\/li>\n<li>vy\u0161kolit person\u00e1l.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nProces pr\u00edpravy m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, preto, ak je to mo\u017en\u00e9, zapojte poradcov.<\/p>\n<p>Implement\u00e1cia IdM rie\u0161enia je n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd a zodpovedn\u00fd krok, a pre \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fa realiz\u00e1ciu s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 ako \u00fasilie jednotliv\u00fdch str\u00e1n \u2013 zamestnancov obchodn\u00fdch oddelen\u00ed, IT a IB slu\u017eieb, tak aj interakcia cel\u00e9ho t\u00edmu ako celku. Ale \u00fasilie sa oplat\u00ed: po implement\u00e1cii IdM vo firme kles\u00e1 po\u010det incidentov spojen\u00fdch s nadmern\u00fdmi opr\u00e1vneniami a neopr\u00e1vnen\u00fdmi pr\u00edstupmi v informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch; mizn\u00fa prestoje zamestnancov z d\u00f4vodu nedostatku\/dlh\u00e9ho \u010dakania na potrebn\u00e9 pr\u00e1va; v\u010faka automatiz\u00e1cii sa zni\u017euj\u00fa pracovn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady a zvy\u0161uje produktivita pr\u00e1ce IT a IB slu\u017eieb.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/solarsecurity\/blog\/447536\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u0445 \u043c\u044b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 IdM, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u044e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b IdM. \u0412\u0435\u0434\u044c IdM \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b, \u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":23566,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - 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Pr\u00edprava na implement\u00e1ciu zo strany objedn\u00e1vate\u013ea | ProHoster","description":"V predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich \u010dl\u00e1nkoch sme u\u017e presk\u00famali, \u010do je IdM, ako zisti\u0165, \u010di va\u0161a organiz\u00e1cia potrebuje tak\u00fdto syst\u00e9m, ak\u00e9 \u00falohy rie\u0161i a ako obhajova\u0165 rozpo\u010det na implement\u00e1ciu pred veden\u00edm.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vnedrenie-idm-podgotovka-k-vnedreniyu-so-storony-zakazchika","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sk_SK","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS 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