{"id":31906,"date":"2019-10-31T21:43:53","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:43:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sokrashhenie-riskov-downtime-blagodarya-arhitekture-shared-nothing\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:43:53","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:43:53","slug":"sokrashhenie-riskov-downtime-blagodarya-arhitekture-shared-nothing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sokrashhenie-riskov-downtime-blagodarya-arhitekture-shared-nothing","title":{"rendered":"Zn\u00ed\u017eenie rizika downtime v\u010faka architekt\u00fare Shared Nothing","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>T\u00e9ma odolnosti vo\u010di chyb\u00e1m v syst\u00e9moch ukladania d\u00e1t je v\u017edy aktu\u00e1lna, preto\u017ee v na\u0161ej dobe roz\u0161\u00edrenej virtualiz\u00e1cie a konsolid\u00e1cie zdrojov je syst\u00e9m ukladania d\u00e1t t\u00fdm \u010dl\u00e1nkom, ktor\u00e9ho porucha vedie nielen k be\u017enej hav\u00e1rii, ale aj k dlh\u00fdm prestojom slu\u017eieb. Preto modern\u00e9 syst\u00e9my ukladania d\u00e1t obsahuj\u00fa mno\u017estvo duplikovan\u00fdch komponentov (vr\u00e1tane kontrol\u00e9rov). Je v\u0161ak tak\u00e1 ochrana dostato\u010dn\u00e1?<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zn\u00ed\u017eenie rizika downtime v\u010faka architekt\u00fare Shared Nothing\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/47fc590f7b0a1f8353f61bf8461ec9b8.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>V\u0161etci dod\u00e1vatelia pri uv\u00e1dzan\u00ed charakterist\u00edk syst\u00e9mov ukladania d\u00e1t nevyhnutne spom\u00ednaj\u00fa vysok\u00fa odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di chyb\u00e1m svojich rie\u0161en\u00ed a nezabudn\u00fa prida\u0165 term\u00edn \u201ebez jedine\u010dnej chybovej koncovky\u201c. Pozrime sa bli\u017e\u0161ie na typick\u00fd syst\u00e9m ukladania d\u00e1t. Aby sa vyl\u00fa\u010dil prestoj po\u010das \u00fadr\u017eby, v syst\u00e9moch ukladania d\u00e1t s\u00fa duplikovan\u00e9 bloky nap\u00e1jania, chladenia, porty vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu, ukladacie zariadenia (mysl\u00edme RAID) a samozrejme aj kontrol\u00e9ry. Pri podrobnej\u0161om poh\u013eade na t\u00fato architekt\u00faru si mo\u017eno v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165 najmenej dva potenci\u00e1lne body poruchy, o ktor\u00fdch sa skromne ml\u010d\u00ed:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Existencia jedn\u00e9ho backplane<\/li>\n<li>Existencia jednej k\u00f3pie d\u00e1t<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Backplane je technicky zlo\u017eit\u00e1 s\u00fa\u010das\u0165, ktor\u00e1 sa mus\u00ed podrobi\u0165 rozsiahlemu testovaniu pri v\u00fdrobe. Preto sa ve\u013emi zriedka vyskytuj\u00fa pr\u00edpady, ke\u010f vypadne \u00faplne. Av\u0161ak aj pri \u010diasto\u010dn\u00fdch poruch\u00e1ch, ako je nefunk\u010dn\u00fd slot na ukladacie zariadenia, je potrebn\u00e1 jeho v\u00fdmena s \u00fapln\u00fdm vypnut\u00edm syst\u00e9mu ukladania d\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Vytvorenie viacer\u00fdch k\u00f3pi\u00ed d\u00e1t sa na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead nezd\u00e1 by\u0165 probl\u00e9mom. Napr\u00edklad funkcia Clone v syst\u00e9moch ukladania d\u00e1t, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje periodick\u00e9 aktualizovanie plnej k\u00f3pie d\u00e1t, je dos\u0165 be\u017ene roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e1. Av\u0161ak v pr\u00edpade probl\u00e9mov so samotn\u00fdm backplane bude k\u00f3pia rovnako nedostupn\u00e1 ako origin\u00e1l. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Celkom zrejm\u00e9 rie\u0161enie pre prekonanie t\u00fdchto nedostatkov je replik\u00e1cia na in\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko. Ak zavrieme o\u010di pred o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fdm zdvojn\u00e1soben\u00edm n\u00e1kladov na hardv\u00e9r (predpoklad\u00e1me, \u017ee t\u00ed, \u010do sa rozhoduj\u00fa pre tak\u00e9to rie\u0161enie, maj\u00fa adekv\u00e1tne zm\u00fd\u0161\u013eanie a vopred tento fakt akceptuj\u00fa), zostan\u00fa e\u0161te potenci\u00e1lne n\u00e1klady na organiz\u00e1ciu replik\u00e1cie vo forme licenci\u00ed, dodato\u010dn\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru a hardv\u00e9ru. A hlavne \u2013 je potrebn\u00e9 nejako zabezpe\u010di\u0165 konzistenciu replikovan\u00fdch d\u00e1t. T.j. budova\u0165 virtualiz\u00e1tor \u00falo\u017eiska\/vSAN a pod., \u010do tie\u017e vy\u017eaduje finan\u010dn\u00e9 a \u010dasov\u00e9 zdroje.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/accelstor.ru\/\">AccelStor <\/a><\/noindex>Pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed svojich syst\u00e9mov s vysokou dostupnos\u0165ou si dali cie\u013e zbavi\u0165 sa vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fdch nedostatkov. Tak sa objavila interpret\u00e1cia technol\u00f3gie Shared Nothing, \u010do vo vo\u013enom preklade znamen\u00e1 \u201ebez pou\u017e\u00edvania spolo\u010dn\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Koncept <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/accelstor.ru\/page\/modeli-vysokoj-dostupnosti-ha\">Shared Nothing<\/a><\/noindex> Architekt\u00fara predstavuje pou\u017eitie dvoch nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch uzlov (kontrol\u00e9rov), z ktor\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 svoj s\u00fabor d\u00e1t. Medzi uzlami prebieha synchronn\u00e1 replik\u00e1cia prostredn\u00edctvom rozhrania InfiniBand 56G, \u00faplne transparentne pre softv\u00e9r pracuj\u00faci nad syst\u00e9mom ukladania. V d\u00f4sledku toho nie je potrebn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 virtualiz\u00e1tory \u00falo\u017eiska, softv\u00e9rov\u00e9 agenty a pod.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Fyzicky m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 dvojuzlov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie od AccelStor realizovan\u00e9 v dvoch modeloch:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/accelstor.ru\/product\/neosapphire-h510\">H510<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 na b\u00e1ze Twin serverov v skrini 2U, ak s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 mierne v\u00fdkonnostn\u00e9 a kapacitn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky do 22TB;<\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/accelstor.ru\/product\/neosapphire-h710\">H710<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 na b\u00e1ze samostatn\u00fdch 2U serverov, ak je potrebn\u00fd vysok\u00fd v\u00fdkon a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia kapacita (do 57TB).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zn\u00ed\u017eenie rizika downtime v\u010faka architekt\u00fare Shared Nothing\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/58d7600872e0ffcb5c87795c80de2c32.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Model H510 na b\u00e1ze Twin servera<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zn\u00ed\u017eenie rizika downtime v\u010faka architekt\u00fare Shared Nothing\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/0c6aae3bbca60536aaeb1cd92dd86ce8.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Model H710 na b\u00e1ze samostatn\u00fdch serverov<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017eitie r\u00f4znych form\u00e1tov je podmienen\u00e9 potrebou r\u00f4zneho po\u010dtu SSD na dosiahnutie po\u017eadovanej kapacity a v\u00fdkonu. Navy\u0161e, Twin platforma je lacnej\u0161ia a umo\u017e\u0148uje pon\u00faka\u0165 cenovo dostupnej\u0161ie rie\u0161enia, hoci s ist\u00fdm podmienen\u00fdm \u201enedostatkom\u201c v podobe jednotn\u00e9ho backplane. V\u0161etko ostatn\u00e9, vr\u00e1tane princ\u00edpov fungovania, je u oboch modelov \u00faplne identick\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>S\u00fabor d\u00e1t na ka\u017edom uzle m\u00e1 dve skupiny <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/accelstor.ru\/page\/flexiremap-technology\">FlexiRemap<\/a><\/noindex>, plus 2 hot spare. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 skupina je schopn\u00e1 pre\u017ei\u0165 zlyhanie jedn\u00e9ho SSD. V\u0161etky prich\u00e1dzaj\u00face po\u017eiadavky na z\u00e1pis uzol v s\u00falade s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/accelstor.ru\/page\/flexiremap-advantages\">ideol\u00f3giou<\/a><\/noindex> FlexiRemap reorganizuje do sekven\u010dn\u00fdch re\u0165azcov s blokmi 4KB, ktor\u00e9 sa n\u00e1sledne zapisuj\u00fa na SSD v maxim\u00e1lne komfortnom re\u017eime (sekven\u010dn\u00e9 zapisovanie). Hostite\u013eovi sa potvrdzuje z\u00e1pis a\u017e po fyzickom umiestnen\u00ed \u00fadajov na SSD, teda bez vyrovn\u00e1vacej pam\u00e4te v RAM. V\u00fdsledkom je dosiahnutie p\u00f4sobivej v\u00fdkonnosti a\u017e 600K IOPS pri z\u00e1pise a 1M+ IOPS pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed (model H710).<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ako u\u017e bolo spomenut\u00e9, synchroniz\u00e1cia s\u00faborov prebieha v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase cez rozhranie InfiniBand 56G, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 vysok\u00fa priepustnos\u0165 a n\u00edzku latenciu. Aby sa \u010do najefekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie vyu\u017e\u00edval prenosov\u00fd kan\u00e1l pri prenose mal\u00fdch paketov. Ke\u010f\u017ee je prenosov\u00fd kan\u00e1l jedin\u00fd, na dodato\u010dn\u00e9 overenie pulzu sa pou\u017e\u00edva vyhraden\u00fd 1GbE link. Cez neho sa pren\u00e1\u0161a len heartbeat, preto sa na r\u00fdchlostn\u00e9 parametre nevz\u0165ahuj\u00fa \u017eiadne po\u017eiadavky.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V pr\u00edpade zv\u00fd\u0161enia kapacity syst\u00e9mu (a\u017e do 400+ TB) prostredn\u00edctvom <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/accelstor.ru\/page\/moduli-rasshireniya\">roz\u0161\u00edrovac\u00edch pol\u00edc<\/a><\/noindex> s\u00fa tie\u017e pripojen\u00e9 v p\u00e1roch na dodr\u017eanie koncepcie \u201ebez jedin\u00e9ho bodu zlyhania\u201c.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na dodato\u010dn\u00fa ochranu \u00fadajov (okrem toho, \u017ee AccelStor m\u00e1 dve k\u00f3pie) sa pou\u017e\u00edva \u0161peci\u00e1lny algoritmus spr\u00e1vania v pr\u00edpade zlyhania niektor\u00e9ho SSD. Ak SSD zlyh\u00e1, uzol za\u010dne rebuild \u00fadajov na jeden z hot spare diskov. Skupina FlexiRemap, nach\u00e1dzaj\u00faca sa v stave degraded, prejde do re\u017eimu read only. Rob\u00ed sa to na vyl\u00fa\u010denie interferenci\u00ed z\u00e1pisov\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed a rebuild-u na z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00fd disk, \u010do v kone\u010dnom d\u00f4sledku ur\u00fdch\u013euje proces obnovy a skracuje \u010das, po\u010das ktor\u00e9ho je syst\u00e9m potenci\u00e1lne zranite\u013en\u00fd. Po dokon\u010den\u00ed rebuildu sa uzol op\u00e4\u0165 vr\u00e1ti do norm\u00e1lneho prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9ho re\u017eimu read-write. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zn\u00ed\u017eenie rizika downtime v\u010faka architekt\u00fare Shared Nothing\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/8e0d67ff4d803f575e007df424b8ba14.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Samozrejme, ako aj v in\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch, po\u010das rebuild-u kles\u00e1 celkov\u00e1 v\u00fdkonnos\u0165 (ve\u010f z\u00e1pis nefunguje pre jednu zo skup\u00edn FlexiRemap). Av\u0161ak samotn\u00fd proces obnovenia prebieha maxim\u00e1lne r\u00fdchlo, \u010do v\u00fdhodne odli\u0161uje syst\u00e9my AccelStor od rie\u0161en\u00ed in\u00fdch dod\u00e1vate\u013eov.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161ou u\u017eito\u010dnou vlastnos\u0165ou technol\u00f3gie Nothing Shared je, \u017ee architekt\u00fara pracovn\u00fdch uzlov funguje v tzv. re\u017eime true active-active. Na rozdiel od \u201eklasickej\u201c architekt\u00fary, kde konkr\u00e9tny zv\u00e4zok \/ pool vlastn\u00ed len jeden kontrol\u00e9r, zatia\u013e \u010do druh\u00fd sa len podie\u013ea na oper\u00e1ci\u00e1ch vstupu \/ v\u00fdstupu, v syst\u00e9moch <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/accelstor.ru\/\">AccelStor<\/a><\/noindex> Ka\u017ed\u00e1 uzol pracuje so svojou sadou \u00fadajov a nepreposiela po\u017eiadavky \"susedovi\". V d\u00f4sledku toho sa zvy\u0161uje celkov\u00fd v\u00fdkon syst\u00e9mu v\u010faka paraleln\u00e9mu spracovaniu po\u017eiadaviek na vstup\/v\u00fdstup uzlami a pr\u00edstupu k \u00falo\u017en\u00fdm zariadeniam. Taktie\u017e prakticky neexistuje pojmanie, ako failover, preto\u017ee odovzd\u00e1va\u0165 kontrolu nad objemami in\u00e9mu uzlu v pr\u00edpade zlyhania jednoducho nie je potrebn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ak porovn\u00e1me technol\u00f3giu Nothing Shared architekt\u00fary s kompletnou replik\u00e1ciou \u00falo\u017en\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead mierne zaost\u00e1va za komplexn\u00fdm uskuto\u010dnen\u00edm disaster recovery vo flexibilite. Osobitne to plat\u00ed pre organiz\u00e1ciu komunika\u010dnej linky medzi \u00falo\u017en\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami. Tak\u017ee v modeli H710 je mo\u017en\u00e9 rozmiestni\u0165 uzly na vzdialenos\u0165 a\u017e 100m v\u010faka pou\u017e\u00edvaniu nie \u00faplne lacn\u00fdch akt\u00edvnych optick\u00fdch k\u00e1blov InfiniBand. Ale aj v porovnan\u00ed s be\u017enou implement\u00e1ciou synchronnej replik\u00e1cie u in\u00fdch dod\u00e1vate\u013eov cez dostupn\u00fd FibreChannel aj na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie vzdialenosti je rie\u0161enie od AccelStor lacnej\u0161ie a jednoduch\u0161ie na in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu\/exploat\u00e1ciu, preto\u017ee nie je potrebn\u00e9 in\u0161talova\u0165 virtualiz\u00e1tory \u00falo\u017en\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a\/alebo vykon\u00e1va\u0165 integr\u00e1ciu s softv\u00e9rom (\u010do nie je v\u017edy mo\u017en\u00e9 v z\u00e1sade). Plus, nezab\u00fadajme, \u017ee rie\u0161enia AccelStor s\u00fa All Flash s\u00fastavy s v\u00fdkonom vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm ako \"klasick\u00e9\" \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my so SSD only.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zn\u00ed\u017eenie rizika downtime v\u010faka architekt\u00fare Shared Nothing\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/46d39a96eedcd20e5ddcac2dc1301411.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed technol\u00f3gie Nothing Shared architekt\u00fary od AccelStor je mo\u017en\u00e9 dosiahnu\u0165 dostupnos\u0165 \u00falo\u017en\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu na \u00farovni 99.9999% za celkom rozumn\u00fa cenu. Spolu s vysokou spo\u013eahlivos\u0165ou rie\u0161enia, vr\u00e1tane pou\u017e\u00edvania dvoch k\u00f3pi\u00ed \u00fadajov, a p\u00f4sobivou v\u00fdkonnos\u0165ou v\u010faka vlastn\u00fdm algoritmom <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/accelstor.ru\/page\/flexiremap-technology\">FlexiRemap<\/a><\/noindex>, rie\u0161enia od <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.accelstor.com\/\">AccelStor<\/a><\/noindex> s\u00fa vynikaj\u00facimi kandid\u00e1tmi na k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 poz\u00edcie pri budovan\u00ed modern\u00e9ho d\u00e1tov\u00e9ho centra.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/accelstor\/blog\/441780\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0422\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439\u0447\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 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