{"id":32307,"date":"2019-10-31T21:46:16","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:46:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/immigratsiya-frilansera-chto-nuzhno-znat\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:46:16","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:46:16","slug":"immigratsiya-frilansera-chto-nuzhno-znat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/immigratsiya-frilansera-chto-nuzhno-znat","title":{"rendered":"Imigr\u00e1cia freelancera: \u010do potrebujete vedie\u0165","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Popularita freelancu st\u00e1le rastie. Tento sp\u00f4sob organiz\u00e1cie pracovn\u00e9ho procesu prin\u00e1\u0161a mno\u017estvo v\u00fdhod: flexibiln\u00fd pracovn\u00fd \u010das, absencia viazanosti na konkr\u00e9tne pracovisko, mo\u017enosti medzin\u00e1rodnej spolupr\u00e1ce, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia sloboda v v\u00fdbere projektov.<\/p>\n<p>Tieto v\u00fdhody vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa dobr\u00fd z\u00e1klad pre presun freelancera do inej krajiny, preto\u017ee mu nebude musie\u0165 meni\u0165 zamestnanie a pracovn\u00fd re\u017eim.<\/p>\n<p>Av\u0161ak proces presunu freelancera v r\u00f4znych krajin\u00e1ch sa mierne l\u00ed\u0161i od presunu zamestnanca. Presk\u00famajme to na pr\u00edkladoch r\u00f4znych kraj\u00edn v Eur\u00f3pe, \u00c1zii a Severnej Amerike.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>Kto je freelancer<\/h3>\n<p>\nFreelanceri s\u00fa jednotlivci, ktor\u00ed p\u00f4sobia v oblastiach IT technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, dizajnu, m\u00e9di\u00ed, \u017eurnalistiky, prekladu a taktie\u017e poskytuj\u00fa r\u00f4zne konzulta\u010dn\u00e9 alebo odborn\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n<p>Taktie\u017e sa \u010dasto za freelancerov pova\u017euj\u00fa najat\u00ed extern\u00ed zamestnanci, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa zamestnan\u00ed na obdobie pr\u00e1ce na konkr\u00e9tnom projekte.<\/p>\n<h3>Freelance v r\u00f4znych krajin\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n<p>\nSk\u00f4r ako za\u010dnete bali\u0165 kufre, mus\u00edte sa rozhodn\u00fa\u0165, kam presne chcete \u00eds\u0165. <\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4\u017eeme rozl\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 tri kateg\u00f3rie kraj\u00edn pod\u013ea dostupnosti pre presun:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dostupn\u00e9: maj\u00fa pomerne jednoduch\u00e9 imigra\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1kony, vstup a proces z\u00edskania povolenia na pobyt alebo dokonca mo\u017enos\u0165 pracova\u0165 bez neho. Napr\u00edklad Thajsko, Ekv\u00e1dor, India, Indon\u00e9zia.<\/li>\n<li>Stredne dostupn\u00e9. Existuj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u0165a\u017ekosti pre imigrantov, ale \u0161ance na pozit\u00edvny v\u00fdsledok s\u00fa ve\u013emi vysok\u00e9. Napr\u00edklad Bulharsko, Cyprus, Portugalsko, \u010c\u00edna.<\/li>\n<li>Takmer nedostupn\u00e9. Krajiny s ve\u013emi pr\u00edsnymi imigra\u010dn\u00fdmi z\u00e1konmi, do ktor\u00fdch maj\u00fa freelanceri prakticky uzavret\u00fd vstup. Napr\u00edklad USA, Kanada.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPo\u010fme sa pozrie\u0165 na Kanadu. Pre freelancera je ide\u00e1lny program presunu \"Self-employed person\", teda \"Samostatne z\u00e1robkovo \u010dinn\u00fd\". Ale existuje ve\u013ea nu\u00e1ns. Po prv\u00e9, do tejto kateg\u00f3rie spadaj\u00fa iba predstavitelia umenia a \u0161portu. Teda copywriter a web dizajn\u00e9r e\u0161te prejd\u00fa, ale SMM \u0161pecialista u\u017e nie. Okrem toho existuje ve\u013emi pr\u00edsny syst\u00e9m hodnotenia hodnoty odborn\u00edka, ktor\u00fd z\u00e1vis\u00ed od vzdelania, pracovn\u00fdch sk\u00fasenost\u00ed, jazykov\u00fdch znalost\u00ed (angli\u010dtina a franc\u00faz\u0161tina).<\/p>\n<p>V Kanade existuje viac ako 70 r\u00f4znych programov na imigr\u00e1ciu odborn\u00edkov, ale konkr\u00e9tne s freelancerami m\u00f4\u017eu vznikn\u00fa\u0165 ot\u00e1zky, preto\u017ee na leg\u00e1lnu pr\u00e1cu potrebujete zmluvu s kanadskou spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou, a otvori\u0165 si vlastn\u00fa firmu je dos\u0165 n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 a zd\u013ahav\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Napr\u00edklad v Thajsku sa v\u00edzov\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka rie\u0161i pomerne jednoducho. To ak sa rozhodnete \u00eds\u0165 ofici\u00e1lnou a leg\u00e1lnou cestou. Mus\u00edte si vybavi\u0165 ro\u010dn\u00e9 podnikate\u013esk\u00e9 v\u00edzum Non-Immigrant Visa-B bez povolenia na pr\u00e1cu. Jedin\u00e1 vec je, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 3 mesiace budete musie\u0165 v\u00edzum obnovi\u0165, v\u00fdjazdom mimo krajinu. <\/p>\n<p>Imigra\u010dn\u00e9 z\u00e1konodarstvo Thajska bolo v\u00e1\u017ene spr\u00edsnen\u00e9 v roku 2015, ale st\u00e1le je to jednoduch\u0161ie ako v Kanade alebo USA.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavne neodpor\u00fa\u010dam z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148ova\u0165 sa na r\u00f4znych machin\u00e1ci\u00e1ch s v\u00edzami. V Thajsku za 3000 dol\u00e1rov m\u00f4\u017eete z\u00edska\u0165 dokonca povolenie na pobyt, a ak sa to zist\u00ed, deport\u00e1ciou to neskon\u010d\u00ed \u2014 m\u00f4\u017eete dosta\u0165 skuto\u010dn\u00fd trest od\u0148atia slobody na 3-5 rokov. O viac rozvinut\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch ani nehovoriac, tam s\u00fa tresty ove\u013ea pr\u00edsnej\u0161ie. <\/p>\n<p>Av\u0161ak, ak pl\u00e1nujete \u017ei\u0165 v krajine pol roka a\u017e rok, pr\u00edli\u0161 sa nezam\u00fd\u0161\u013eajte nad v\u00edzami. V mnoh\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch, vr\u00e1tane eur\u00f3pskych, existuj\u00fa mo\u017enosti na z\u00e1klade turistick\u00fdch v\u00edz, s pomocou ktor\u00fdch m\u00f4\u017eete v krajine str\u00e1vi\u0165 dos\u0165 dlh\u00fd \u010das, ak ich pravidelne obnovujete.<\/p>\n<p>Aby ste sa dozvedeli o \u0161pecifik\u00e1ch vybavenia a predl\u017eovania v\u00edz, m\u00f4\u017eete sa obr\u00e1ti\u0165 na konzul\u00e1t vybranej krajiny alebo na \u0161peci\u00e1lne v\u00edzov\u00e9 stredisko.<\/p>\n<h3>Ceny za \u017eivot v krajin\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n<p>\nPred pres\u0165ahovan\u00edm si ur\u010dite zhodno\u0165te n\u00e1klady na \u017eivot v krajine a spo\u010d\u00edtajte, ak\u00fd minim\u00e1lny pr\u00edjem je potrebn\u00fd, aby ste sa v tejto krajine c\u00edtili pohodlne.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00e9 pravidlo je jedno: \"pracova\u0165 v krajine s vysok\u00fdm pr\u00edjmom a \u017ei\u0165 v krajine s n\u00edzkymi n\u00e1kladmi na \u017eivot.\" <\/p>\n<p>To znamen\u00e1, ak pracujete ako freelancer pre klientov z Nemecka alebo USA, tak sa budete c\u00edti\u0165 pohodlne \u017eij\u00fac takmer v akejko\u013evek krajine. <\/p>\n<p>Ale s rusk\u00fdmi pr\u00edjmami mus\u00edte vybra\u0165 krajinu, kde \u00farove\u0148 n\u00e1kladov na \u017eivot nie je vy\u0161\u0161ia ako v Rusku. Inak budete musie\u0165 ve\u013emi \u0161etri\u0165, a samotn\u00fd zmysel pres\u0165ahovania do inej krajiny za \u00fa\u010delom pohodlnej\u0161ej pr\u00e1ce strat\u00ed v\u00fdznam.<\/p>\n<p>Na \u010do si treba da\u0165 osobitn\u00fd pozor:<\/p>\n<p><b>Cena b\u00fdvania a utility.<\/b> A tie\u017e charakteristiky pren\u00e1jmu nehnute\u013enost\u00ed. V Taliansku, napr\u00edklad, samotn\u00fd proces pren\u00e1jmu trv\u00e1 a\u017e jeden a pol mesiaca. Tie\u017e si budete musie\u0165 sami uzavrie\u0165 zmluvu s dod\u00e1vate\u013emi energie na pripojenie elektriny, na \u010do budete potrebova\u0165 talianske identifika\u010dn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo. Celkovo je byrokracia na vysokej \u00farovni. <\/p>\n<p><b>Internet.<\/b> \u0160peci\u00e1lnu pozornos\u0165 venova\u0165 cene a charakteristik\u00e1m internetu. V eur\u00f3pskych krajin\u00e1ch je internet pomerne drah\u00fd \u2013 norm\u00e1lny bal\u00edk so r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou 10 Mbit a vy\u0161\u0161ou v\u00e1s vyjde minim\u00e1lne na 40 $. V \u00e1zijsk\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch je internet \u010dasto nestabiln\u00fd, tak\u017ee mnoh\u00ed si musia k\u00fapi\u0165 dva modemy od r\u00f4znych oper\u00e1torov a navy\u0161e plati\u0165 za mobiln\u00fd internet. <\/p>\n<p><b>Cena potrav\u00edn a oble\u010denia.<\/b> Najlep\u0161ie je pos\u00fadi\u0165 cenu z\u00e1kladn\u00e9ho bal\u00edka potrav\u00edn: mlieko, chlieb, syr, kuracie prsia, obilniny, miestne zeleniny a ovocie. V r\u00f4znych krajin\u00e1ch sa z\u00e1kladn\u00fd bal\u00edk m\u00f4\u017ee l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165. Napr\u00edklad, v ostrovn\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch (Cyprus, Sr\u00ed Lanka) s\u00fa morsk\u00e9 plody lacnej\u0161ie ako m\u00e4so. <\/p>\n<p><b>Doprava.<\/b> Ur\u010dite sa informujte o najlep\u0161om sp\u00f4sobe dopravy. M\u00f4\u017ee to by\u0165 bu\u010f verejn\u00e1 doprava, pren\u00e1jom auta alebo k\u00fapa sk\u00fatrom. Napr\u00edklad, v Po\u013esku je dobre rozvinut\u00e1 verejn\u00e1 doprava, ale v \u010ciernej Hore sa odpor\u00fa\u010da k\u00fapi\u0165 sk\u00fatrom na cestovanie.<\/p>\n<p>Ak m\u00e1te deti pred\u0161kolsk\u00e9ho alebo \u0161kolsk\u00e9ho veku, ur\u010dite (!) si pozrite <b>ceny \u0161k\u00f4lok a \u0161k\u00f4l<\/b>. M\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 nesmierne vysok\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161etky \u0161tatistick\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie m\u00f4\u017eete z\u00edska\u0165 na webe <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.numbeo.com\/cost-of-living\/\">Numbeo v sekcii \u201eCena \u017eivota\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n<p>Pre v\u00e1s sme zhroma\u017edili nieko\u013eko najbe\u017enej\u0161\u00edch lokal\u00edt na pres\u0165ahovanie freelancerov a porovnali n\u00e1klady na \u017eivot v nich:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Imigr\u00e1cia freelancera: \u010do potrebujete vedie\u0165\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/18ba28dbe594e3d1862fca9c95ecac42.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV\u0161etky miestne ceny s\u00fa preveden\u00e9 na americk\u00e9 dol\u00e1re pre pohodlie porovnania.<\/p>\n<p>* Cenn\u00edk na pozemn\u00fa dopravu.<br \/>\n** Pren\u00e1jom jednopokojov\u00e9ho bytu v centre stredn\u00e9ho alebo ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mesta.<br \/>\n*** V ko\u0161\u00edku s\u00fa: mlieko, obilniny alebo cestoviny, m\u00e4so (hov\u00e4dzina), vajcia, syr, chlieb, miestne zeleniny a ovocie.<\/p>\n<p><b>Charakteristiky pr\u00e1ce a prevodu pe\u0148az\u00ed<\/b><br \/>\nPri pres\u0165ahovan\u00ed do inej krajiny mus\u00edte rozhodn\u00fa\u0165, \u010di pl\u00e1nujete v nej zosta\u0165 dlhodobo alebo len na rok-dva.<\/p>\n<p>Druh\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 je v byrokratickom zmysle omnoho jednoduch\u0161ia, preto\u017ee v\u00e1s nezav\u00e4zuje registrova\u0165 sa ako da\u0148ov\u00fd poplatn\u00edk v krajine. V podstate zost\u00e1vate pod jurisdikciou Ruska a dane plat\u00edte tie\u017e v Rusku. Form\u00e1lne ste na \u00fazem\u00ed in\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tu evidovan\u00ed ako turista, \u010do prin\u00e1\u0161a svoje obmedzenia.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>S\u00favisiace s uzatv\u00e1ran\u00edm ofici\u00e1lnych zml\u00fav s rezidentmi to bude problematick\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine pr\u00edpadov nebudete m\u00f4c\u0165 otvori\u0165 \u00fa\u010det v banke. Alebo pre otvorenie \u00fa\u010dtu bude potrebn\u00e1 slu\u0161n\u00e1 suma nieko\u013ek\u00fdch desiatok tis\u00edc dol\u00e1rov.<\/li>\n<li>M\u00f4\u017eete prij\u00edma\u0165 prevody iba na medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 bankov\u00e9 karty alebo slu\u017eby. Preto je potrebn\u00e9 z\u00edska\u0165 fyzick\u00fa kartu slu\u017eby. Napr\u00edklad debetn\u00fa kartu Payoneer alebo Paypal. Ale v takom pr\u00edpade sa m\u00f4\u017eete stretn\u00fa\u0165 s dvojitou alebo dokonca trojitou konverziou na karte, ak mena karty nebude zodpoveda\u0165 mene krajiny, v ktorej sa nach\u00e1dzate. <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nCelkovo sa s v\u0161etk\u00fdmi \u0165a\u017ekos\u0165ami, ktor\u00e9 v tak\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch vznikaj\u00fa, d\u00e1 vyrovna\u0165 za nieko\u013eko t\u00fd\u017ed\u0148ov. Najm\u00e4 ak sa priprav\u00edte e\u0161te pri pobyte v Rusku. <\/p>\n<p>Vo v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine kraj\u00edn je obmedzen\u00fd \u010das nepretr\u017eit\u00e9ho pobytu v krajine, ak ste pri\u0161li na turistick\u00e9 v\u00edza. Preto je potrebn\u00e9 vopred sk\u00fama\u0165 tento aspekt. Napr\u00edklad, multiv\u00edza do Thajska plat\u00ed 180 dn\u00ed, ale m\u00f4\u017eete pob\u00fdva\u0165 nepretr\u017eite iba 60 dn\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed krajiny. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na leg\u00e1lne zotrvanie v Thajsku budete musie\u0165 dvakr\u00e1t za pol roka pricestova\u0165 na hranicu alebo do inej krajiny.<\/p>\n<p>Ak v\u0161ak pl\u00e1nujete dlhodob\u00fd presun \u2014 nieko\u013eko rokov alebo dokonca s perspekt\u00edvou z\u00edskania trval\u00e9ho pobytu, situ\u00e1cia je ove\u013ea zlo\u017eitej\u0161ia. A \u010disto m\u00f4j n\u00e1zor \u2014 trval\u00fd pobyt nie je freelancerovi tak ve\u013emi potrebn\u00fd, preto\u017ee m\u00e1m klientov-freelancerov, pre ktor\u00fdch som pred nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi rokmi vybavoval biznis v\u00edzum s predpokladom dlhodob\u00e9ho pobytu, a ned\u00e1vno sa na m\u0148a op\u00e4\u0165 obr\u00e1tili, aby sa presunuli do inej krajiny, preto\u017ee t\u00e1 ich u\u017e omrzela.<\/p>\n<p>Ak je to mo\u017en\u00e9, odpor\u00fa\u010dam vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 pribli\u017ene mesiac \"testovacie\" b\u00fdvanie v krajine. \u010casto sa st\u00e1va, \u017ee o\u010dak\u00e1vania od \u017eivota a pr\u00e1ce v krajine sa v\u00fdrazne l\u00ed\u0161ia od reality.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Vezmeme si napr\u00edklad Bali. Mnoh\u00ed freelanceri sa sna\u017eia pres\u0165ahova\u0165 pr\u00e1ve tam. Av\u0161ak okrem \"rajsk\u00e9ho poh\u013eadu\" existuje mno\u017estvo nu\u00e1ns. Pracova\u0165 pod palmou nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 \u2014 po\u010das hlavnej sez\u00f3ny teplota na ulici dosahuje 35 stup\u0148ov. Oproti tomu, oce\u00e1n je dos\u0165 studen\u00fd kv\u00f4li morsk\u00fdm pr\u00fadom. Tieto pr\u00fady s\u00fa siln\u00e9 a zradn\u00e9, aj ne\u010faleko od brehu, tak\u017ee pl\u00e1va\u0165 \u010faleko je jednoducho nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. V mest\u00e1ch Indon\u00e9zie prevl\u00e1da siln\u00e1 nezdrav\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia \u2014 po cest\u00e1ch sa m\u00f4\u017eu neru\u0161ene pohybova\u0165 potkany. Na to v\u0161etko m\u00e1 siln\u00fd vplyv islam na spolo\u010dnos\u0165. <\/p>\n<p>Podobn\u00e9 negat\u00edvne nuansy sa odhalia iba priamo pri pobyte. A m\u00f4\u017eu ve\u013emi negat\u00edvne ovplyvni\u0165 dojem, a\u017e do \u00fapln\u00e9ho sklamania. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p> Tak\u017ee stoj\u00ed za to str\u00e1vi\u0165 v krajine trochu dlh\u0161\u00ed \u010das, ako trv\u00e1 be\u017en\u00e1 dovolenka. Tri a\u017e \u0161tyri t\u00fd\u017edne by mali sta\u010di\u0165. <\/p>\n<p>Ak ste sa predt\u00fdm nezaoberali pl\u00e1novan\u00edm relok\u00e1cie, odpor\u00fa\u010dam v\u00e1m obr\u00e1ti\u0165 sa na odborn\u00edkov. Existuje mno\u017estvo nu\u00e1ns, ktor\u00e9 by ste z d\u00f4vodu neznalosti nemohli zoh\u013eadni\u0165, a to by viedlo k vysok\u00fdm n\u00e1kladom a r\u00f4znym probl\u00e9mom na novom mieste.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00fahlas\u00edte, \u017ee by bolo sklaman\u00edm napl\u00e1nova\u0165 pres\u0165ahovanie vr\u00e1tane objednania leteniek a potom zisti\u0165, \u017ee v\u00e1m zamietli v\u00edzum. Alebo, \u010do je e\u0161te hor\u0161ie, u\u017e v krajine objavi\u0165, \u017ee v\u00e1s ako cudzinca o\u0161idili v trojn\u00e1sobnej v\u00fd\u0161ke.<\/p>\n<p>Ale ak ste sa predsa len rozhodli, tak do toho! Pre freelancera je to skvel\u00e1 sk\u00fasenos\u0165 a mo\u017enos\u0165 spozna\u0165 \u017eivot r\u00f4znych kraj\u00edn a kult\u00far.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449314\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c. \u0412\u0435\u0434\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441\u043e\u0432: \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a, \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044b \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0443, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":24124,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-32307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" 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