{"id":32930,"date":"2019-10-31T21:49:45","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/amd-byla-osnovana-rovno-50-let-nazad-so-startovym-kapitalom-v-50-tysyach\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:49:45","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:45","slug":"amd-byla-osnovana-rovno-50-let-nazad-so-startovym-kapitalom-v-50-tysyach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/amd-byla-osnovana-rovno-50-let-nazad-so-startovym-kapitalom-v-50-tysyach","title":{"rendered":"AMD bola zalo\u017een\u00e1 presne pred 50 rokmi so \u0161tartovac\u00edm kapit\u00e1lom 50 tis\u00edc dol\u00e1rov","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Polovodi\u010dov\u00fd priemysel je pomerne mlad\u00fd a mnoh\u00fdm ve\u013ek\u00fdm spolo\u010dnostiam v \u0148om je iba p\u00e1r desiatok rokov. No s\u00fa aj veter\u00e1ni, ktor\u00ed oslavuj\u00fa polstoro\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdro\u010dia. Medzi nich patr\u00ed Intel (ktor\u00e1 oslavovala<\/a><\/noindex> 50 rokov od svojho zalo\u017eenia minul\u00fd rok) a jej mnohoro\u010dn\u00fd konkurent AMD. Pon\u00fakame si pripomen\u00fa\u0165 niektor\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 m\u00ed\u013eniky v bohat\u00fdch dejin\u00e1ch spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e1 bola zalo\u017een\u00e1 1. m\u00e1ja 1969 so s\u00eddlom v Sunnyvale (Kalifornia) s z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm kapit\u00e1lom iba 50 000 dol\u00e1rov.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

Prv\u00fdm v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm riadite\u013eom AMD, od septembra 1969, sa stal jeden zo spoluzakladate\u013eov, Jerry Sanders, ktor\u00fd v \u010dele spolo\u010dnosti st\u00e1l impozantn\u00fdch 33 rokov, k\u00fdm v apr\u00edli 2002 neodi\u0161iel. Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 sa hrd\u00ed t\u00fdm, \u017ee jednou z najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch jeho fr\u00e1z bolo \u201eHlavn\u00e9 s\u00fa \u013eudia, produkty a v\u00fdnosy pr\u00eddu sam\u00e9\u201c, ktorou sa AMD sna\u017e\u00ed riadi\u0165 aj dnes.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm \u00faspechom spolo\u010dnosti bol uvedenie v septembri 1970 prv\u00e9ho v odvetv\u00ed dvojbit\u00e9ho\/hexadecim\u00e1lneho logick\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edta\u010da Am2501 (vlastn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj AMD), ktor\u00fd sa uk\u00e1zal ako ve\u013emi \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd na trhu a stal sa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm m\u00ed\u013enikom v priemysle ako celku. Pre\u0161li \u010fal\u0161ie dva roky a v septembri 1972 sa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 stala verejnou: bolo vydan\u00fdch 500 000 akci\u00ed s cenou 15,5 dol\u00e1rov za kus; v r\u00e1mci prvotnej verejnej ponuky sa na burze z\u00edskalo 7,2 mili\u00f3na dol\u00e1rov.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V prv\u00fdch rokoch svojej existencie AMD, okrem vlastn\u00fdch \u010dipov, vyr\u00e1bala aj procesory na licenciu. Napr\u00edklad v roku 1975 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 podp\u00edsala kr\u00ed\u017eov\u00fa licen\u010dn\u00fa zmluvu s Intelas a za\u010dala vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 svoj prv\u00fd procesor pre PC (am9080, ekvivalent Intel 8080), ktor\u00fd bol navrhnut\u00fd AMD na z\u00e1klade reverzn\u00e9ho in\u017einierstva, bol kompatibiln\u00fd s origin\u00e1lom z h\u013eadiska in\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9ho s\u00faboru, no s 40 % vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdkonom.<\/p>\n

<\/center>
\n\"AMD<\/p>\n

Ve\u013ek\u00fdm m\u00ed\u013enikom pre spolo\u010dnos\u0165 bolo podp\u00edsanie v roku 1982 zmluvy s IBM, na z\u00e1klade ktorej sa AMD stala druh\u00fdm dod\u00e1vate\u013eom mikropo\u010d\u00edta\u010dov pre IBM PC s architekt\u00farou iAPX86. V febru\u00e1ri 1986 AMD predstavila prv\u00fd na svete megabitov\u00fd (65K \u00d7 16-bit) programovate\u013en\u00fd \u010dip s kon\u0161tantnou pam\u00e4\u0165ou EPROM, vyroben\u00fd pomocou unik\u00e1tneho technologick\u00e9ho procesu AMD CMOS. Tento produkt umo\u017enil v\u00fdrobcom r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 prototypy a prisp\u00f4sobova\u0165 svoje rie\u0161enia r\u00f4znym trhom.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V marci 1991 AMD predstavila rodinu procesorov Am386, kompatibiln\u00fdch so 32-bitov\u00fdmi procesormi s architekt\u00farou 80386 - boli popul\u00e1rne ako cenovo dostupnej\u0161ie alternat\u00edvy rie\u0161en\u00ed Intel. V apr\u00edli 1993 pri\u0161iel na trh Am486, ktor\u00fd prekonal anal\u00f3g Intel v oblasti v\u00fdkonu o 20 %, pri\u010dom mal rovnak\u00fa cenu. Toto v\u0161etko boli v podstate klony rie\u0161en\u00ed Intel.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V marci 1996 sa debutovali zn\u00e1me 350-nm procesory AMD-K5, prv\u00fd samostatne vyvinut\u00fd procesor x86, ktor\u00fd bol kompatibiln\u00fd s kontaktnou platformou konkurenta, ale zalo\u017een\u00fd na architekt\u00fare RISC. Be\u017en\u00e9 in\u0161trukcie boli prekodovan\u00e9 do mikroin\u0161trukci\u00ed, \u010do v\u00fdrazne posilnilo v\u00fdkon. Av\u0161ak, tentoraz sa spolo\u010dnosti AMD nepodarilo prekona\u0165 Intel v takte.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

Vydanie \u010dipov AMD-K6 v apr\u00edli 1997 umo\u017enilo zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 cenu PC prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t pod psychologick\u00fa hranicu 1000 dol\u00e1rov. V z\u00e1klade t\u00fdchto 250-nm \u010dipov boli poznatky spolo\u010dnosti NextGen a in\u00e1 architekt\u00fara zalo\u017een\u00e1 na RISC Nx686. AMD sa zamerala na pomer ceny a v\u00fdkonu, ke\u010f\u017ee sa im nepodarilo predbehn\u00fa\u0165 Pentium II. Architekt\u00fara K6 bola nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t vylep\u0161en\u00e1 (v K6 II bolo pridan\u00fdch nieko\u013eko s\u00faborov in\u0161trukci\u00ed pod n\u00e1zvom technol\u00f3gie 3DNow!, a v K6 III - cache L2).<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

Skuto\u010dn\u00fd prelom pri\u0161iel pre AMD znova v j\u00fani 1999 s uveden\u00edm procesorov \u0161iestej gener\u00e1cie, sl\u00e1vneho Athlonu, ktor\u00fd umo\u017enil spolo\u010dnosti z\u00edska\u0165 prvenstvo z h\u013eadiska v\u00fdkonu pred Intedom. Boli to tie\u017e prv\u00e9 procesory, pri ich v\u00fdrobe sa pou\u017e\u00edvala me\u010f namiesto hlin\u00edka.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V marci 2000 sa predstavil Athlon 1000, ktor\u00fd ako prv\u00fd v priemysle dosiahol frekvenciu 1 GHz. U\u017e v j\u00fani 2001 za\u010dala \u00e9ra modern\u00fdch viacjadrov\u00fdch procesorov uveden\u00edm Athlon MP. Mimochodom, Athlon MP bol prv\u00fdm rie\u0161en\u00edm AMD navrhnut\u00fdm zameran\u00fdm na trh serverov<\/a> a pracovn\u00fdch stan\u00edc.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

25. apr\u00edla 2002 sa do vedenia spolo\u010dnosti AMD dostal nov\u00fd gener\u00e1lny riadite\u013e Hector Ruiz, ktor\u00fd p\u00f4sobil vo firme ako prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fd riadite\u013e a prezident od janu\u00e1ra 2000 a predt\u00fdm viedol div\u00edziu polovodi\u010dov\u00fdch produktov v spolo\u010dnosti Motorola. U\u017e v janu\u00e1ri 2003 uzavrel so spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou IBM strategick\u00e9 partnerstvo na spolo\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed s vyu\u017eit\u00edm pokro\u010dil\u00fdch \u0161trukt\u00far a materi\u00e1lov, vr\u00e1tane SOI tranzistorov (krem\u00edk na izol\u00e1tore), medi a vylep\u0161en\u00fdch izol\u00e1torov s n\u00edzkou dielektrickou kon\u0161tantou.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V apr\u00edli 2003 sa objavil prv\u00fd na svete procesor x86 s 64-bitovou architekt\u00farou, ktor\u00e1 sa dnes u\u017e d\u00e1vno stala normou. Bol to serverov\u00fd Opteron zalo\u017een\u00fd na AMD64. U\u017e v septembri dostali pou\u017e\u00edvatelia PC aj 64-bitov\u00e9 \u010dipy v podobe Athlon 64 FX, ktor\u00e9 vtedy pova\u017eovali za najpokro\u010dilej\u0161ie a najv\u00fdkonnej\u0161ie spotrebite\u013esk\u00e9 procesory na trhu.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

Nasleduj\u00facou historickou udalos\u0165ou bolo ur\u010dite prevzatie spolo\u010dnosti ATI Technologies v okt\u00f3bri 2006 za 5,4 miliardy dol\u00e1rov, ktor\u00e1 bola jedn\u00fdm z popredn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobcov grafick\u00fdch kariet v tom \u010dase. Pr\u00e1ve tento t\u00edm, postupne meniacich zlo\u017eenie, je zodpovedn\u00fd za v\u0161etky neskor\u0161ie GPU vydan\u00e9 pod zna\u010dkou Radeon. Grafick\u00e9 karty sa stali ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eitou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou podnikania spolo\u010dnosti a tento nov\u00fd segment trhu pom\u00e1hal pre\u017ei\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 \u010dasy.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V septembri 2007 bol uveden\u00fd na trh prv\u00fd na svete 4-jadrov\u00fd procesor na jednom \u010dipe s n\u00e1zvom AMD Opteron. Z\u00edskal aj technol\u00f3giu Rapid Virtualization Indexing pre \u00falohy virtualiz\u00e1cie. V j\u00fani 2008 AMD predstavil FireStream 9250, prv\u00e9 GPU, ktor\u00e9 prekonalo hranicu v\u00fdkonu na \u00farovni 1 teraflopu. I\u0161lo o \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 rie\u0161enie pre vysoce paraleln\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho ur\u010denia.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

O mesiac, v j\u00fali 2008 sa op\u00e4\u0165 zmenil gener\u00e1lny riadite\u013e a prezident spolo\u010dnosti AMD \u2013 stal sa n\u00edm Dirk Meyer, ktor\u00fd pracoval vo firme od roku 1995 a podie\u013eal sa na p\u00f4vodnom procesore Athlon. \u017dia\u013e, pr\u00e1ve za jeho p\u00f4sobenia bola v z\u00e1ujme optimaliz\u00e1cie n\u00e1kladov uzavret\u00e1 mno\u017estvo perspekt\u00edvnych projektov, vr\u00e1tane v\u00fdvoja mobiln\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch na \u010dipoch ARM \u2013 v janu\u00e1ri 2009 Qualcomm odk\u00fapil Imageon IP (mobiln\u00fa grafiku ATI) a pokra\u010duje s jej akt\u00edvnym rozvojom vo svojich \u010dipov\u00fdch grafik\u00e1ch Adreno (tento n\u00e1zov je anagramom Radeon).<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V marci 2009 sa spolo\u010dnos\u0165 rozhodla s\u00fastredi\u0165 na v\u00fdvoj \u010dipov, ke\u010f presunula v\u00fdrobu do nov\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho podniku s arabskou ATIC, spolo\u010dnosti GlobalFoundries. T\u00e1to spolo\u010dnos\u0165 existovala pomerne \u00faspe\u0161ne, no jej vlastn\u00edci sa ned\u00e1vno vzdali s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ee s TSMC, Samsungom a in\u00fdmi ved\u00facimi zmluvn\u00fdmi v\u00fdrobcami polovodi\u010dov a ukon\u010dili pr\u00e1ce na osvojen\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00fdch 7-nm norm.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

Grafick\u00e9 karty s frekvenciou nad 1 GHz dnes u\u017e nikoho neprekvapia, no prv\u00fdm tak\u00fdmto produktom sa v m\u00e1ji 2009 stala ATI Radeon HD 4890, ktor\u00e1 sa vyr\u00e1bala vo verzi\u00e1ch s factory overclockingom GPU na 1 GHz a vzduchov\u00fdm chladen\u00edm. A v septembri 2009 bola predstaven\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia ATI Eyefinity, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017enila pripoji\u0165 k jednej grafickej karte a\u017e \u0161es\u0165 vysokorozli\u0161ovac\u00edch displejov.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

Zl\u00fa\u010denie s ATI bolo v zna\u010dnej miere vykonan\u00e9 pre \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 spojenie GPU a CPU v jednom produkte a v j\u00fani 2010 AMD na Computex 2010 predstavila svoj prv\u00fd ur\u00fdchlen\u00fd procesor. A v janu\u00e1ri 2011 bol na trh uveden\u00fd prv\u00fd jednocipov\u00fd APU.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V auguste 2011 pre\u0161iel post \u0161\u00e9fa spolo\u010dnosti na Roryho Reada, ktor\u00fd pri\u0161iel z podobnej poz\u00edcie vo firme Lenovo Group. V j\u00fani 2012 bola do procesorov AMD zaveden\u00e1 \u0161peci\u00e1lna jednotka zalo\u017een\u00e1 na technol\u00f3gii ARM TrustZone v z\u00e1ujme bezpe\u010dnosti (predov\u0161etk\u00fdm r\u00f4znych online platieb). Ried v\u0161ak vo svojej funkcii nezostal dlhho \u2013 u\u017e v okt\u00f3bri 2014 sa gener\u00e1lnou riadite\u013ekou stala jej s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 l\u00edderka Lisa Su.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V roku 2012 AMD predstavila nov\u00fa grafick\u00fa architekt\u00faru Graphics Core Next (GCN). Prvou grafickou kartou bola Radeon HD 7770. V GCN bola zaveden\u00e1 podpora adresovania x86 s unifikovan\u00fdm adresn\u00fdm priestorom pre CPU a GPU, za\u010dali sa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 in\u0161trukcie RISC SIMD namiesto VLIW MIMD pre GPGPU a boli vykonan\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie zmeny. Dnes je t\u00e1to architekt\u00fara, ktor\u00e1 sa neust\u00e1le vyv\u00edja, z\u00e1kladom grafick\u00fdch ur\u00fdch\u013eova\u010dov spolo\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ve GCN bola z\u00e1kladom modern\u00fdch konzol Xbox One a PlayStation 4, ktor\u00e9 sa objavili v rokoch 2013\u20132014 \u2013 na z\u00e1klade oboch syst\u00e9mov st\u00e1li podobn\u00e9 (s r\u00f4znymi nuansami) jednocipov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my AMD s 8 jadrami CPU Jaguar a r\u00f4znym po\u010dtom v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fdch blokov GPU. Pova\u017euje sa, \u017ee skuto\u010dne novou architekt\u00farou GPU od AMD sa stane Navi, vytv\u00e1ran\u00e1 pre PS5 a Xbox Next.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V novembri 2014 AMD predstavila otvoren\u00fd \u0161tandard na synchroniz\u00e1ciu vykres\u013eovania sn\u00edmok s frekvenciou obrazovky \u2013 FreeSync, zn\u00e1my tie\u017e pod n\u00e1zvom VESA Adaptive Sync a po ned\u00e1vnej podpore NVIDIA v r\u00e1mci kompatibility G-Sync sa stal v podstate priemyseln\u00fdm \u0161tandardom. Technol\u00f3gia ide\u00e1lne umo\u017e\u0148uje zbavi\u0165 sa trhania sn\u00edmok, pri\u010dom dosiahnu\u0165 minim\u00e1lne oneskorenie odozvy a plynulej\u0161ie hern\u00e9 prostredie.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V j\u00fani 2015 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 vydala prv\u00fa grafick\u00fa kartu, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00e1ja pod jedn\u00fdm obalom vysokor\u00fdchlostn\u00fa pam\u00e4\u0165 HBM a GPU \u2013 vlajkov\u00e1 lo\u010f AMD Radeon R9 Fury X z\u00edskala podstatne vy\u0161\u0161iu priepustnos\u0165 a trikr\u00e1t prekonala v\u00fdkon na watt predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej gener\u00e1cie pam\u00e4te GDDR.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

AMD od \u010dias K10 a Bulldozer bezn\u00e1dejne zaost\u00e1vala za Intellom v oblasti v\u00fdkonu CPU, ale v j\u00fani 2016 sa zjavilo svetlo: spolo\u010dnos\u0165 prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t predstavila procesor na z\u00e1sadne novej architekt\u00fare x86 Zen pre p\u00e4ticu AM4. Bol to 8-jadrov\u00fd 16-vl\u00e1knov\u00fd \u010dip, ktor\u00fd v decembri 2016 premenil na prv\u00fa gener\u00e1ciu v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch CPU Ryzen, ktor\u00e9 prin\u00fatili Intel h\u00fdba\u0165 sa a tie\u017e sa za\u010da\u0165 zameriava\u0165 na zvy\u0161ovanie po\u010dtu jadier. Niet divu, ke\u010f\u017ee vy\u0161li procesory AMD Threadripper pre nad\u0161encov. V lete 2017 architekt\u00fara Zen prenikla na serverov\u00fd trh v\u010faka rodine EPYC.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

V novembri minul\u00e9ho roka spolo\u010dnos\u0165 predstavila prv\u00fd na svete 7-nm GPU pre d\u00e1tov\u00e9 centr\u00e1 v podobe Radeon Instinct MI60 a MI40 pre \u00falohy strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia a vysoko paraleln\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010dtov. U\u017e v tomto roku sa objavila prv\u00e1 7-nm Radeon VII, a \u010doskoro sa o\u010dak\u00e1va uvedenie pokro\u010dil\u00fdch 7-nm procesorov Ryzen 3000 zalo\u017een\u00fdch na architekt\u00fare Zen 2 a 7-nm grafick\u00fdch kariet na b\u00e1ze GPU Navi. V skratke, AMD je na vzostupe a do bud\u00facnosti m\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 s polstoro\u010dnou hist\u00f3riou e\u0161te ve\u013ea zauj\u00edmav\u00e9ho, ako je platforma Google Stadia.<\/p>\n

\"AMD<\/p>\n

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Zdroj: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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