{"id":33056,"date":"2019-10-31T21:50:30","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:50:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-1\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:50:30","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:50:30","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-1","title":{"rendered":"Vydanie jadra Linux 5.1","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvoch mesiacoch v\u00fdvoja Linus Torvalds <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2019\/5\/5\/278\">predstavil<\/a><\/noindex> uvo\u013enenie jadra <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\">Linux 5.1<\/a><\/noindex>. Medzi najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie zmeny patr\u00ed nov\u00fd rozhranie pre asynchr\u00f3nny vstup\/v\u00fdstup io_uring, mo\u017enos\u0165 vyu\u017e\u00edvania NVDIMM ako RAM, podpora zdie\u013eanej virtu\u00e1lnej pam\u00e4te v Nouveau, podpora \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013en\u00e9ho sledovania ve\u013emi ve\u013ek\u00fdch FS cez fanotify, mo\u017enos\u0165 nastavenia \u00farovn\u00ed kompresie Zstd v Btrfs, nov\u00fd spr\u00e1vca cpuidle TEO, implement\u00e1cia syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch volan\u00ed na rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mu roku 2038, mo\u017enos\u0165 zav\u00e1dzania z zariaden\u00ed device-mapper bez initramfs, LSM modul SafeSetID, podpora kombinovan\u00fdch live-patchov.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernelnewbies.org\/Linux_5.1\">Hlavn\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/783084\">novinky<\/a><\/noindex>: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, I\/O a s\u00faborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol nov\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00fd rozhranie pre asynchr\u00f3nne vstupy\/v\u00fdstupy \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/kernel.dk\/io_uring.pdf\">io_uring<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00e9 sa vyzna\u010duje podporou polling vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu a mo\u017enos\u0165ou pracova\u0165 s vyrovn\u00e1vacou pam\u00e4\u0165ou aj bez nej. Pripom\u00edname, \u017ee navrhovan\u00fd mechanizmus asynchr\u00f3nneho vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu \u201eaio\u201c nepodporoval vyrovn\u00e1van\u00fd vstup\/v\u00fdstup, mohol fungova\u0165 len v re\u017eime O_DIRECT (bez vyrovn\u00e1vacej pam\u00e4te a obch\u00e1dzania cache), mal probl\u00e9my so zablokovan\u00edm kv\u00f4li \u010dakanie na dostupnos\u0165 metad\u00e1t a vykazoval vysok\u00e9 re\u017eijn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady kv\u00f4li kop\u00edrovaniu \u00fadajov v pam\u00e4ti.\n<p>V r\u00e1mci API<br \/>\nio_uring sa v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri sna\u017eili odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 nedostatky star\u00e9ho rozhrania aio. Pod\u013ea <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-block\/20190116175003.17880-1-axboe@kernel.dk\/\">v\u00fdkonu<\/a><\/noindex> io_uring je ve\u013emi bl\u00edzko <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/spdk.io\/\">SPDK<\/a><\/noindex> a v\u00fdznamne predbehne libaio pri pr\u00e1ci s povolen\u00fdm pollingom. Na pou\u017eitie io_uring v kone\u010dn\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 pracuj\u00fa v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore, bola pripraven\u00e1 kni\u017enica <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/git.kernel.dk\/cgit\/liburing\/\">liburing<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00e1 poskytuje vysok\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 obalenia nad rozhran\u00edm jadra;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> V mechanizme sledovania udalost\u00ed v FS fanotify() <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/amir73il\/fsnotify-utils\/wiki\/Super-block-root-watch\">bola pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> podpora sledovania situ\u00e1ci\u00ed zmeny superbloku a \u0161trukt\u00fary <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ext4.wiki.kernel.org\/index.php\/Ext4_Disk_Layout\">dirent<\/a><\/noindex> (udalosti vytv\u00e1rania, mazania a pres\u00favania adres\u00e1rov). Predstaven\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pom\u00e1haj\u00fa rie\u0161i\u0165 probl\u00e9my so \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enos\u0165ou, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed rekurz\u00edvneho sledovania zmien vo ve\u013emi ve\u013ek\u00fdch FS pomocou mechanizmu inotify (zmeny dirent sa predt\u00fdm dali sledova\u0165 len cez inotify, ale<br \/>\nefektivita v podmienkach rekurz\u00edvneho sledovania ve\u013ek\u00fdch vnoren\u00fdch adres\u00e1rov zanech\u00e1vala prianie). Teraz je mo\u017en\u00e9 tak\u00e9to monitorovanie efekt\u00edvne vykon\u00e1va\u0165 cez fanotify;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Vo s\u00faborovom syst\u00e9me Btrfs <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=3f93aef535c8ea03e40cd8acf0753b3e6ed33e96\">bola pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> mo\u017enos\u0165 nastavenia \u00farovne kompresie pre algoritmus zstd, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pova\u017eovan\u00fd za optim\u00e1lny kompromis medzi r\u00fdchlym, ale neefekt\u00edvnym lz4 a pomal\u00fdm, ale dobre kompresuj\u00facim xz. Podobne ako sa predt\u00fdm mohla nastavi\u0165 \u00farove\u0148 kompresie pri pou\u017eit\u00ed zlib pre zstd, bola pridan\u00e1 podpora mo\u017enosti montovania \u201e-o compress=zstd:level\u201c. Pri testovan\u00ed minim\u00e1lna prv\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 zabezpe\u010dila kompresiu \u00fadajov v pomere 2.658 pri r\u00fdchlosti kompresie 438.47 MB\/s, r\u00fdchlosti dekompresie 910.51 MB\/s a spotrebe pam\u00e4te 780 MB, zatia\u013e \u010do maxim\u00e1lna 15. \u00farove\u0148 \u2014 v pomere 3.126, ale pri r\u00fdchlosti kompresie 37.30 MB\/s, dekompresie 878.84 MB\/s a spotrebe pam\u00e4te 2547 MB;\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/plain\/Documentation\/device-mapper\/dm-init.txt?id=6bbc923dfcf57d6b97388819a7393835664c7a8e\">Pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> mo\u017enos\u0165 sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania z filesyst\u00e9mu umiestnen\u00e9ho na zariaden\u00ed device-mapper, bez pou\u017eitia initramfs. Za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fac s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdm vydan\u00edm jadra, zariadenie device-mapper sa m\u00f4\u017ee priamo pou\u017ei\u0165 po\u010das sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania, napr\u00edklad ako oddiel s kore\u0148ov\u00fdm FS. Konfigur\u00e1cia oddielu sa vykon\u00e1va pomocou sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165acieho parametra \u201edm-mod.create\u201c. Medzi povolen\u00e9 moduly pre sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie device-mapper patr\u00ed: \u201ecrypt\u201c, \u201edelay\u201c, \u201elinear\u201c, \u201esnapshot-origin\u201c a \u201everity\u201c;\n<li class=\"l\"> Do flash-optim\u00e1lnej s\u00faborovej s\u00fastavy F2FS bol pridan\u00fd flag F2FS_NOCOW_FL, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vypn\u00fa\u0165 re\u017eim copy-on-write pre po\u017eadovan\u00fd s\u00fabor;\n<li class=\"l\"> Z jadra bola odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1 s\u00faborov\u00e1 s\u00fastava <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=22084\">Exofs<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00e1 predstavuje variant ext2 prisp\u00f4soben\u00fd na pr\u00e1cu so skladovac\u00edmi zariadeniami OSD (Object-based Storage Device). Tie\u017e bola odstr\u00e1nen\u00e1 podpora SCSI protokolu pre tak\u00e9to objekto\u00e9 ulo\u017eenie;\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualiz\u00e1cia a bezpe\u010dnos\u0165<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do prctl() bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 PR_SPEC_DISABLE_NOEXEC na riadenie \u0161pekulat\u00edvneho vykon\u00e1vania in\u0161trukci\u00ed pre vybran\u00fd proces. Nov\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 umo\u017e\u0148uje selekt\u00edvne vypn\u00fa\u0165 \u0161pekulat\u00edvne vykon\u00e1vanie pre procesy, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 potenci\u00e1lne napadnut\u00e9 \u00fatokom typu Spectre. Zablokovanie plat\u00ed a\u017e do prv\u00e9ho volania exec();\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol implementovan\u00fd LSM modul <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/admin-guide\/LSM\/SafeSetID.html\">SafeSetID<\/a><\/noindex>, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00face syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm slu\u017eb\u00e1m bezpe\u010dne spravova\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov bez zv\u00fd\u0161enia opr\u00e1vnen\u00ed (CAP_SETUID) a bez z\u00edskania pr\u00e1v pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea root. Pridelenie opr\u00e1vnen\u00ed sa uskuto\u010d\u0148uje prostredn\u00edctvom definovania v securityfs pravidiel na z\u00e1klade bieleho zoznamu povolen\u00fdch pripojen\u00ed (vo forme \u201eUID1:UID2\u201c);\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e9 n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 zmeny potrebn\u00e9 pre z\u00e1sobn\u00edkov\u00fa organiz\u00e1ciu na\u010d\u00edtania modulov bezpe\u010dnosti (LSM). Predstaven\u00e1 sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165acia vo\u013eba jadra \u201elsm\u201c, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje spravova\u0165, ktor\u00e9 moduly sa na\u010d\u00edtavaj\u00fa a v akom porad\u00ed;\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9mu auditu bola pridan\u00e1 podpora menn\u00fdch priestorov s\u00faborov;\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/81a56f6dcd20\">Roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> mo\u017enosti GCC pluginu structleak, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje blokova\u0165 potenci\u00e1lne \u00faniky obsahu pam\u00e4te. Zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 inicializ\u00e1cia ak\u00fdchko\u013evek premenn\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v k\u00f3de cez odkaz v z\u00e1sobn\u00edku;\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sie\u0165ov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre sokety <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/f5dd3d0c9638\">bola implementovan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> nov\u00e1 vo\u013eba \u201eSO_BINDTOIFINDEX\u201c, podobn\u00e1<br \/>\n&#171;SO_BINDTODEVICE&#187;, ale prij\u00edma ako argument indexov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo sie\u0165ov\u00e9ho rozhrania namiesto n\u00e1zvu rozhrania;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do stohu mac80211 bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 priradi\u0165 jedn\u00e9mu zariadeniu viacero BSSID (MAC adries). V r\u00e1mci projektu na optimaliz\u00e1ciu v\u00fdkonu WiFi do stohu mac80211 bola pridan\u00e1 podpora rozdelenia vzdu\u0161n\u00e9ho \u010dasu a mo\u017enos\u0165 rozde\u013eova\u0165 vzdu\u0161n\u00fd \u010das medzi viacer\u00e9 stanice (pri pr\u00e1ci v re\u017eime pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu zabezpe\u010duje men\u0161ie vyhradenie \u010dasu na prenos pomal\u00fdm bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fdm stanic\u00e1m namiesto rovnomern\u00e9ho rozdelenia \u010dasu medzi v\u0161etky stanice);\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00fd mechanizmus &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=db2ab7a08f06\">devlink health<\/a><\/noindex>&#171;, ktor\u00fd poskytuje ozn\u00e1menia pri vzniku probl\u00e9mov so sie\u0165ov\u00fdm rozhran\u00edm;\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pam\u00e4\u0165 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/torvalds\/c\/a9dce6679d736cb3d612af39bab9f31f8db66f9b\">Realizovan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 doru\u010dovanie sign\u00e1lov, ber\u00face do \u00favahy mo\u017enos\u0165 op\u00e4tovn\u00e9ho pou\u017eitia PID. Napr\u00edklad pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed volania kill mohla predt\u00fdm vznikn\u00fa\u0165 situ\u00e1cia, kedy hne\u010f po odoslan\u00ed sign\u00e1lu mohol by\u0165 cie\u013eov\u00fd PID uvo\u013enen\u00fd kv\u00f4li ukon\u010deniu procesu a znovu obsaden\u00fd in\u00fdm procesom, pri\u010dom sign\u00e1l bol nakoniec odoslan\u00fd in\u00e9mu procesu. Aby sa predi\u0161lo podobn\u00fdm situ\u00e1ci\u00e1m, bol pridan\u00fd nov\u00fd syst\u00e9mov\u00fd volac\u00ed pidfd_send_signal, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edva s\u00faborov\u00e9 deskriptory z \/proc\/pid na zabezpe\u010denie stabilnej viazanosti na proces. Aj keby bol PID znova pou\u017eit\u00fd po\u010das spracovania syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho volania, s\u00faborov\u00fd deskriptor sa nezmen\u00ed a m\u00f4\u017ee sa bezpe\u010dne pou\u017ei\u0165 na odoslanie sign\u00e1lu procesu;\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/777212\/\">Pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017ei\u0165 zariadenia trvalej pam\u00e4te (persistent-memory, napr\u00edklad <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/NVDIMM\">NVDIMM<\/a><\/noindex>) ako RAM. Doteraz sa podobn\u00e9 zariadenia v jadre vyu\u017e\u00edvali ako \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 zariadenia, no teraz ich je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 aj ako dodato\u010dn\u00fa opera\u010dn\u00fa pam\u00e4\u0165. Mo\u017enos\u0165 bola zaveden\u00e1 na z\u00e1klade po\u017eiadaviek pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa pripraven\u00ed zn\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 pokles v\u00fdkonu a chc\u00fa vyu\u017ei\u0165 \u0161tandardn\u00e9 API na spr\u00e1vu pam\u00e4te jadra Linux namiesto pou\u017e\u00edvania existuj\u00facich syst\u00e9mov rozde\u013eovania pam\u00e4te v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore, ktor\u00e9 pracuj\u00fa nad mmap pre dax s\u00fabor;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00fd nov\u00fd spracovate\u013e sp\u00e1nku CPU (cpuidle, ktor\u00fd ur\u010duje, kedy je mo\u017en\u00e9 previes\u0165 CPU do hlbok\u00fdch re\u017eimov \u00faspory energie, \u010d\u00edm je hlb\u0161\u00ed re\u017eim &#8212; t\u00fdm v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ia \u00faspora, ale aj viac \u010dasu je potrebn\u00e9ho na prebudenie z re\u017eimu) &#8212; TEO (Timer Events Oriented Governor). Doteraz boli navrhnut\u00e9 dva spracovatelia cpuidle &#8212; &#171;menu&#187; a &#171;ladder&#187;, ktor\u00e9 sa l\u00ed\u0161ia heuristikou. V spracovate\u013eovi &#171;menu&#187; existuj\u00fa zn\u00e1me probl\u00e9my s prij\u00edman\u00edm heuristick\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00ed, pre ich odstr\u00e1nenie bolo rozhodnut\u00e9 pripravi\u0165 nov\u00fd spracovate\u013e. TEO je pozicionovan\u00fd ako alternat\u00edva spracovate\u013ea &#171;menu&#187;, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje dosiahnu\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon pri zachovan\u00ed rovnakej \u00farovne spotreby energie.<br \/>\nAktivova\u0165 nov\u00fd spracovate\u013e je mo\u017en\u00e9 pomocou zav\u00e1dzac\u00edch parametrov &#171;cpuidle.governor=teo&#187;;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> V r\u00e1mci pr\u00e1ce na odstr\u00e1nen\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0_2038_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0\">probl\u00e9mov roku 2038<\/a><\/noindex>, sp\u00f4soben\u00e9ho prekro\u010den\u00edm 32-bitov\u00e9ho typu time_t, s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou zahrnut\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 volania pon\u00fakaj\u00face pre 32-bitov\u00e9 architekt\u00fary 64-bitov\u00e9 \u010dasov\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtadl\u00e1. V\u00fdsledkom je, \u017ee 64-bitov\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara time_t je teraz pou\u017eite\u013en\u00e1 na v\u0161etk\u00fdch architekt\u00farach. Podobn\u00e9 zmeny boli tie\u017e implementovan\u00e9 v sie\u0165ovom subsyst\u00e9me pre mo\u017enosti <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/Documentation\/networking\/timestamping.txt\">timestamp<\/a><\/noindex>  sie\u0165ov\u00fdch soketov;\n<li class=\"l\"> Do syst\u00e9mu hor\u00faceho aplika\u010dn\u00e9ho patchovania jadra (live patching) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/tree\/Documentation\/livepatch\/cumulative-patches.txt?id=c4e6874f2a2965e932f4a5cf2631bc6024e55021\">bola pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> mo\u017enos\u0165 &#171;Atomic Replace&#187; pre atom\u00e1rne uplatnenie s\u00e9rie zmien na jednu funkciu. Uveden\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 umo\u017e\u0148uje \u0161\u00edri\u0165 s\u00fahrnn\u00e9 z\u00e1platy, ktor\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fa hne\u010f nieko\u013eko zmien, namiesto dos\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00e9ho procesu po etapovom aplikovan\u00ed live-z\u00e1pasov v striktne definovanom porad\u00ed. Ak bolo predt\u00fdm ka\u017ed\u00e9 nasleduj\u00face zmenenie z\u00e1visl\u00e9 od stavu funkcie po predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej zmene, teraz je mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0161\u00edri\u0165 hne\u010f nieko\u013eko zmien viazan\u00fdch na jeden po\u010diato\u010dn\u00fd stav (t.j. spr\u00e1vcovia m\u00f4\u017eu podporova\u0165 jeden s\u00fahrnn\u00fd patch vzh\u013eadom k z\u00e1kladn\u00e9mu jadru namiesto re\u0165azca z\u00e1visl\u00fdch z\u00e1plat);\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=eac616557050737a8d6ef6fe0322d0980ff0ffde\">Ohl\u00e1sen\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> zastaran\u00e1 podpora form\u00e1tu spustite\u013en\u00fdch s\u00faborov a.out a<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=08300f4402abc0eb3bc9c91b27a529836710d32d\">bol odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex> k\u00f3d na generovanie core s\u00faborov vo form\u00e1te a.out, ktor\u00fd je v zanedbanom stave. Form\u00e1t a.out sa u\u017e d\u00e1vno nepou\u017e\u00edva na syst\u00e9moch s Linuxom a generovanie s\u00faborov a.out u\u017e d\u00e1vno nie je podporovan\u00e9 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdmi n\u00e1strojmi vo v\u00fdchoz\u00edch konfigur\u00e1ci\u00e1ch pre Linux. Okrem toho m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 na\u010d\u00edta\u010d pre s\u00fabory a.out implementovan\u00fd \u00faplne v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do mechanizmu overovania programov BPF bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 identifik\u00e1cie a odstr\u00e1nenia nepou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho k\u00f3du. Do jadra s\u00fa tie\u017e zahrnut\u00e9 patche s podporou spinlock pre subsyst\u00e9m BPF, poskytuj\u00face \u010fal\u0161ie mo\u017enosti pre spr\u00e1vu paraleln\u00e9ho vykon\u00e1vania programov BPF;\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Zariadenie<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di Nouveau <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=eeaf06ac1a5584e41cf289f8351e446bb131374b\">bola pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> podpora heterog\u00e9nneho spravovania pam\u00e4te, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje pr\u00edstup CPU a GPU k zdie\u013ean\u00fdm synchronizovan\u00fdm oblastiam pam\u00e4te. Syst\u00e9m zdie\u013eanej virtu\u00e1lnej pam\u00e4te (SVM, shared virtual memory) je realizovan\u00fd na b\u00e1ze subsyst\u00e9mu HMM (Heterogeneous memory management), \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 zariadenia s vlastn\u00fdmi blokmi spr\u00e1vy pam\u00e4te (MMU, memory management unit), ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edstup k hlavnej pam\u00e4ti. Pomocou HMM je mo\u017en\u00e9 organizova\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00fd adresn\u00fd priestor medzi GPU a CPU, v ktorom m\u00f4\u017ee GPU z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edstup k hlavnej pam\u00e4ti procesu. Podpora SVM je zatia\u013e zapnut\u00e1 len pre GPU rodiny Pascal, hoci podpora je zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 aj pre GPU Volta a Turing. Okrem toho v Nouveau <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=f180bf12ac061f093abb9247505f661817973cae\">bol pridan\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex> nov\u00fd ioctl na spr\u00e1vu migr\u00e1cie oblast\u00ed pam\u00e4te procesov do pam\u00e4te GPU;\n<li class=\"l\"> V DRM ovl\u00e1da\u010di Intel pre GPU Skylake a nov\u0161ie (gen9+) <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=7360c9f6b857e22a48e545f4e99c79630994e932\">je zapnut\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex> predvolen\u00e9 nastavenie fastboot, ktor\u00e9 vylu\u010duje zbyto\u010dn\u00e9 prep\u00ednanie re\u017eimov po\u010das spustenia. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=5e0f5a58b167fc2c8352d90c0faa8c0c9ca75c26\">Boli pridan\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/03ca3cf8e9aa7549e6c398462af0f68bdd43e7fe\">nov\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> identifik\u00e1tory zariaden\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na mikroarchitekt\u00farach Coffelake a Ice Lake. Pre \u010dipy Coffelake <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=c3b5a8430daadf5b8ec9757d6c81149903cbe99f\">bola pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> podpora GVT (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=41187\">virtualiz\u00e1cia GPU<\/a><\/noindex>). Pre virtu\u00e1lne GPU <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=39c68e87bc50a71bcfe93582d9b0673ef30db418\">bola implementovan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> podpora VFIO EDID. Pre LCD panely MIPI\/DSI <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=7b5618f4b834330a052958db934c3dffad4a15c2\">bola pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> podpora prvkov ACPI\/PMIC. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=a0ff6779c75fe86a66b8c2eb439a40a12139eb02\">Realizovan\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> nov\u00e9 TV re\u017eimy 1080p30\/50\/60 TV;\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di amdgpu bola pridan\u00e1 podpora GPU Vega10\/20 BACO. Realizovan\u00e9 prostriedky spr\u00e1vy energie pre Vega 10\/20 a tabu\u013eky spr\u00e1vy ventil\u00e1tora pre Vega 10. Pridan\u00e9 nov\u00e9 PCI identifik\u00e1tory zariaden\u00ed pre GPU Picasso. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=67dd1a36334ffce82bebeb2d633e152aa436d370\">Pridan\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> rozhranie na spr\u00e1vu pl\u00e1novan\u00fdch z\u00e1vislost\u00ed na vyl\u00fa\u010denie vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch zablokovan\u00ed;\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=557c37360eca864eba692be7b7b72ec937b330af\">Pridan\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> DRM\/KMS ovl\u00e1da\u010d pre akceler\u00e1tory obrazov\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/community.arm.com\/developer\/tools-software\/graphics\/b\/blog\/posts\/mali-d71-and-the-next-generation-display-solution\">ARM Komeda<\/a><\/noindex> (Mali D71);\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora obrazov\u00fdch panelov Toppoly TPG110, Sitronix ST7701, PDA 91-00156-A0, LeMaker BL035-RGB-002 3.5 a Kingdisplay kd097d04;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora zvukov\u00fdch kodekov Rockchip RK3328, Cirrus Logic CS4341 a CS35L36, MediaTek MT6358, Qualcomm WCD9335 a Ingenic JZ4725B, ako aj zvukovej platformy Mediatek MT8183;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora NAND ovl\u00e1da\u010dov Flash STMicroelectronics FMC2, Amlogic Meson;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora akceler\u00e1torov pre syst\u00e9my strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia Habana AI;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora gigabitov\u00fdch Ethernet ovl\u00e1da\u010dov NXP ENETC a bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fdch rozhran\u00ed MediaTek MT7603E (PCIe) a MT76x8.\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 Latinskoamerick\u00e1 nad\u00e1cia slobodn\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">vytvorila<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nvariantu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">\u00faplne slobodn\u00e9ho jadra 5.1<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/linux-libre.fsfla.org\/pub\/linux-libre\/releases\/5.1-gnu\/\">Linux-libre 5.1-gnu<\/a><\/noindex>, vy\u010disten\u00e9ho od prvkov firmv\u00e9ru a ovl\u00e1da\u010dov, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa neslobodn\u00e9 komponenty alebo fragmenty k\u00f3du, ktor\u00fdch pou\u017eitie je obmedzen\u00e9 v\u00fdrobcom. V novej verzii bola vypnut\u00e1 na\u010d\u00edtanie blobov v ovl\u00e1da\u010doch mt7603 a goya. Aktu\u00e1lny k\u00f3d na \u010distenie blobov v ovl\u00e1da\u010doch a subsyst\u00e9moch wilc1000, iwlwifi, soc-acpi-intel, brcmfmac, mwifiex, btmrvl, btmtk a touchscreen_dmi. \u010cistenie blobov v bootloaderi firmv\u00e9ru lantiq xrx200 bolo zastaven\u00e9, preto\u017ee bol odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd z jadra.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50631\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.1. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 io_uring, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f NVDIMM \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u041e\u0417\u0423, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0432 Nouveau \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0424\u0421 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 fanotify, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f Zstd \u0432 Btrfs, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a cpuidle TEO, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri 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