t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed ju vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa<\/a><\/noindex>. Z\u00e1sadne o \u0148om ni\u010d p\u00edsa\u0165 nebudem. Prep\u00e1\u010d, %username%.<\/p>\nMimochodom, na omr\u00e1\u010denie nie je potrebn\u00e9 pumpova\u0165 drogou. Omra\u010duj\u00facim \u00fa\u010dinkom disponuje aj tak\u00e9to spojenie:
\n![\"O](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/9459778bcd10966f82ca600ecb86934e.jpg\")
\n0,001 mg\/kg sp\u00f4sobuje fyzick\u00fa slabos\u0165, s\u00edce r\u00fdchlo pomin\u00facu. Aby \u010dlovek zostal slab\u00fd nav\u017edy \u2014 treba sa prejes\u0165: toxick\u00e1 d\u00e1vka je viac ako 1000-kr\u00e1t.
\n\u00daprimne: u\u017e som zabudol triv\u00e1lne dom\u00e1ce meno tejto l\u00e1tky, ale vzorec som na\u0161iel. Pou\u017e\u00edvajte.<\/p>\n
Zvy\u0161ujeme st\u00e1vky, %username%! <\/p>\n
Sernil<\/b>![\"O](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/2298bd6f4fbe07fd90b75430d4f4fa76.jpg\")
\n
\nSernil, alebo fencyklid\u00edn, alebo SN pod\u013ea nomenklat\u00fary zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb v d\u00e1vkach 0,03-1 mg\/kg po obdob\u00ed skrytej \u010dinnosti a\u017e do jedn\u00e9ho hodiny za\u010d\u00edna p\u00f4sobi\u0165 ve\u013emi z\u00e1bavne: nast\u00e1va periodick\u00e1 zmena stavu vzru\u0161enia a depresie. Neviem, ako prenies\u0165 t\u00fato paletu pocitov, ale nakoniec organizmus ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo unavuje. Objavuje sa pocit hlbok\u00e9ho osamelosti a izol\u00e1cie, potom \u2014 negativizmus a nepriate\u013estvo. 8-10 hod\u00edn po podan\u00ed sernila sa pr\u00edznaky m\u00e1lo l\u00ed\u0161ia od podobn\u00fdch pri schizofr\u00e9nii.<\/p>\n
Ak to trochu pre\u017eeniete, pri 2 mg\/kg m\u00f4\u017ee nasta\u0165 katalepsia a\u017e na 3 dni. To je, ke\u010f sed\u00edte, pozer\u00e1te sa von oknom a nepohybujete sa. Ale s\u00fa aj v\u00fdhody \u2014 m\u00f4\u017eete sa vystavova\u0165 v nejakej gal\u00e9rii...<\/p>\n
Tento z\u00e1zrak bol vytvoren\u00fd v 50. rokoch v USA a dokonca sa spo\u010diatku pou\u017e\u00edval na medic\u00ednske \u00fa\u010dely a\u017e do roku 1965. Od roku 1979 bolo u\u017e\u00edvanie a v\u00fdroba sernila zak\u00e1zan\u00e9.<\/p>\n
Mimochodom, zauj\u00edmav\u00fd kontingent vo va\u0161ej \u0161tvrti m\u00f4\u017ee pozna\u0165 sernil ako PCP, pokojn\u00e1 pilulka, anjelsk\u00fd prach (Angel dust) \u2014 \u00e1no, \u00e1no, o tom spieva \"Aria\", HOG, Killer weed, KJ, embalming fluid, rocker fuel, sherms a \u010fal\u0161ie.<\/p>\n
Sernil ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo vyvol\u00e1va z\u00e1vislos\u0165, okrem toho je tento kamar\u00e1t extr\u00e9mne \u017eiarliv\u00fd na in\u00e9 zdroje svetsk\u00fdch p\u00f4\u017eitkov: v kombin\u00e1cii s in\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami \u2014 napr\u00edklad s alkoholom, marihuanou alebo benzodiazep\u00ednmi \u2014 m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 ku k\u00f3me.<\/p>\n
S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00edkom a spojencom sernila je toto:
\nNejak\u00e1 hl\u00fapos\u0165<\/b>![\"O](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/46bcb69d54779cecdc68f98dbec7d4d3.jpg\")
\n
\nToto je druh\u00e1 l\u00e1tka, ktorej n\u00e1zov som zabudol. Teraz vie\u0161, ak\u00e9 m\u00e1m zl\u00e9 p\u00edsmo, %username%! Verte \u2014 je to hor\u0161ie ako ak\u00fdko\u013evek jed.<\/p>\n
Tento prostriedok v d\u00e1vkach 60-210 mcg\/kg \u00fa\u010dinkuje za 0,5-2 hodiny, ak sa u\u017eije \u00fastne, a ak sa vd\u00fdchne alebo vpichne \u2014 tak za 5 min\u00fat. Priemern\u00e1 potreba pre \u010dloveka je iba 5 mg.<\/p>\n
Pri otrave s\u00fa sympt\u00f3my ve\u013emi podobn\u00e9 sernilu. \u010coskoro po intoxik\u00e1cii sa objav\u00ed slabos\u0165, z\u00e1vraty, tria\u0161tenie a z\u00e1\u0161klby svalov, potom nastupuje nevo\u013enos\u0165, znecitlivenie v \u00fastach a poruchy re\u010di. A asi po hodine sa objav\u00ed to hlavn\u00e9. Strat\u00ed\u0161 schopnos\u0165 s\u00fastredi\u0165 sa a myslie\u0165, vn\u00edmanie \u010dasu a priestoru. Poru\u0161\u00ed sa koordin\u00e1cia, skreslia sa podmienen\u00e9 reflexy. A najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie: halucin\u00e1cie. Pestr\u00e9. Sluchov\u00e9 a zrakov\u00e9. Ale probl\u00e9m \u2014 v\u0161etky s\u00fa desiv\u00e9. Na pozad\u00ed nekon\u010diaceho pocitu strachu a hr\u00f4zy \u2014 je to nie\u010do. Bude\u0161 sa b\u00e1\u0165, po\u010du\u0165 a vidie\u0165 to, \u010doho sa boj\u00ed\u0161, dlh\u00fdch 5-6 hod\u00edn, a ak m\u00e1\u0161 \u0161\u0165astie a chyt\u00ed\u0161 200 mcg\/kg alebo viac \u2014 nast\u00e1va \u00fapln\u00e1 depersonaliz\u00e1cia, ty, %username%, u\u017e nie si %username% \u2014 ale mal\u00e9, stisnut\u00e9, tras\u00face sa stvorenie, ktor\u00e9 pla\u010de, narieka a BOJ\u00cd SA. Naozaj, je to sranda?<\/p>\n
Tak ve\u013emi z\u00e1bavn\u00e9, \u017ee najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ie psychotropn\u00e9 inkapacitanti s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 pr\u00e1ve s halucinog\u00e9nnym \u00fa\u010dinkom.<\/p>\n
Tak\u017ee, v\u00edta n\u00e1s \u2014 LSD<\/b>![\"O](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/c36ec608bc4203f2ef440b851902fedc.jpg\")
\n
\nZa slovom \"LSD\" sa, mimochodom, skr\u00fdva meno tohto majstrovsk\u00e9ho diela \u2014 N,N-diethylamid D-lysergovej kyseliny. Nu\u017e, je to asi ako keby \u0165a volali menom a priezviskom.<\/p>\n
\u00daprimne, %username%, neviem, ako a pre\u010do si \u0161vaj\u010diarsky chemik Albert Hofmann 16. novembra 1938 v Bazilei vyrobil LSD-25 z lysergovej kyseliny (25 \u2014 preto\u017ee to bolo 25. zl\u00fa\u010denie, ktor\u00e9 syntetizoval). \u013dudstvo u\u017e vedelo o toxicite ergotox\u00ednov z n\u00e1me\u013eu, Arthur Stoll v laborat\u00f3riu firmy Sandoz dokonca u\u017e v 1918 roku izoloval z kalichov ergotam\u00edn \u2014 ale sk\u00famali ho v s\u00favislosti so stimuluj\u00facim \u00fa\u010dinkom na svalstvo maternice. Nemysl\u00edm si, \u017ee Hofmann mal probl\u00e9my s maternicou, ale tak \u010di onak \u2014 LSD z\u00edskal. Potlesk pre neho (aj ke\u010f u\u017e zomrel, ale nie kv\u00f4li tomu).<\/p>\n
A tak, 19. apr\u00edla 1943, Hofmann ako prav\u00fd vedec (hm?) prijal to, \u010do syntetizoval. 250 mikrogramov. V\u00fdsledok: po chv\u00edli sa za\u010dali prejavova\u0165 z\u00e1vraty a \u00fazkos\u0165. \u010coskoro sa \u00fa\u010dinok stal tak siln\u00fdm, \u017ee Albert u\u017e nedok\u00e1zal sklada\u0165 s\u00favisl\u00e9 vety a, pozorovan\u00fd svoj\u00edm asistentom, ktor\u00fd bol o experimente informovan\u00fd, odi\u0161iel na bicykli domov. Cesta bola fascinuj\u00faca: subjekt\u00edvne pocity Hofmanna \u2014 ve\u013emi pomal\u00e1 jazda \u2014 nezodpovedali objekt\u00edvnym: uh\u00e1\u0148al ako stimulovan\u00e1 morsk\u00e9 prasa. Zn\u00e1my bulv\u00e1r na ceste domov sa pre Hofmanna premenil na obraz Salvadoru Dal\u00edho: zdalo sa mu, \u017ee budovy s\u00fa pokryt\u00e9 jemn\u00fdm vlnobit\u00edm. <\/p>\n
Akon\u00e1hle sa Hofmann dostal domov, po\u017eiadal asistenta, aby zavolal lek\u00e1ra a po\u017eiadal suseda o mlieko, ktor\u00e9 si vybral ako v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 protil\u00e1tko pri otrav\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n
Pr\u00edbyl\u00fd lek\u00e1r nena\u0161iel u pacienta \u017eiadne odch\u00fdlky, okrem roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fdch zren\u00edc. Av\u0161ak po\u010das nieko\u013ek\u00fdch hod\u00edn bol Hofmann v stave bl\u00fadenia: mal pocit, \u017ee bol posadnut\u00fd d\u00e9monmi, \u017ee jeho suseda je \u010darodejnica, a \u017ee n\u00e1bytok v jeho dome mu hroz\u00ed. Potom pocit \u00fazkosti ust\u00fapil a nahradili ho farebn\u00e9 obrazy v podobe kruhov a spir\u00e1l, ktor\u00e9 nezmizli ani pri zavret\u00fdch o\u010diach. Takisto Hofmann hovoril, \u017ee zvuk prech\u00e1dzaj\u00faceho auta vn\u00edmal vo forme optick\u00e9ho obrazu.<\/p>\n
22. apr\u00edla nap\u00edsal o svojom experimente a sk\u00fasenostiach, a nesk\u00f4r t\u00fato pozn\u00e1mku vlo\u017eil do svojej knihy \u201eLSD \u2014 m\u00f4j \u0165a\u017ek\u00fd die\u0165a\u201c.<\/p>\n
V predslove svojej knihy Hofmann nap\u00edsal, \u017ee sa stal chemikom kv\u00f4li svojej t\u00fa\u017ebe po absol\u00fatnej jednote s pr\u00edrodou. H\u013eadal l\u00e1tky, ktor\u00e9 roz\u0161iruj\u00fa schopnosti \u010dloveka vn\u00edma\u0165 okolit\u00fd svet v celej jeho plnosti. Av\u0161ak v \u010dase p\u00edsania knihy vedec u\u017e vedel, \u017ee jemu objaven\u00e1 zl\u00fa\u010denina nielen\u017ee roz\u0161iruje vedomie, ale m\u00f4\u017ee aj zni\u010di\u0165 psychiku \u010dloveka, \u010do vedie k katastrof\u00e1lnym n\u00e1sledkom. <\/p>\n
Z\u00e1mern\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1vanie mystick\u00fdch z\u00e1\u017eitkov, najm\u00e4 pomocou LSD a podobn\u00fdch halucinog\u00e9nov, v porovnan\u00ed s spont\u00e1nnym vizion\u00e1rskym z\u00e1\u017eitkom so sebou nesie rizik\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 nemo\u017eno podce\u0148ova\u0165. Praxuj\u00faci by mali vzia\u0165 do \u00favahy niektor\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky t\u00fdchto l\u00e1tok, najm\u00e4 ich schopnos\u0165 ovplyvni\u0165 na\u0161e vedomie, najhlb\u0161iu podstatu n\u00e1s samotn\u00fdch. Hist\u00f3ria LSD dnes dostato\u010dne demon\u0161truje katastrof\u00e1lne n\u00e1sledky, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu nasta\u0165, ke\u010f je h\u013abka jeho \u00fa\u010dinkov podce\u0148ovan\u00e1 a t\u00e1to l\u00e1tka je vn\u00edman\u00e1 ako droga, ktor\u00fa je mo\u017en\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edva\u0165 pre pote\u0161enie. Nespr\u00e1vne a nevhodn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvanie sp\u00f4sobilo, \u017ee LSD sa stalo moj\u00edm \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdm die\u0165a\u0165om.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
\n \u2014 \"LSD \u2014 moje \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 die\u0165a\", A. Hofmann.<\/i><\/p>\n
Napriek tomu sa od 19. apr\u00edla 1943 niektor\u00ed zasv\u00e4ten\u00ed naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa \"D\u0148om bicykla\" a dokonca ho oslavuj\u00fa. Po svojom.
\nZna\u010dka na po\u010des\u0165 oslavy. \u010co je na zn\u00e1mke z druhej strany \u2014 uh\u00e1dni?<\/b>![\"O](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/bfdb01308596054dd06ecc08de5844d8.jpg\")
\n
\nMechanizmus p\u00f4sobenia LSD je dos\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00fd. V prvom rade je t\u00e1to l\u00e1tka \u0161truktur\u00e1lny anal\u00f3g seroton\u00ednu \u2014 neurotransmitera, ktor\u00fd reguluje stavy pokoja, sp\u00e1nku a hromadenia energie. Antiseroton\u00ednov\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok LSD vedie k halucin\u00e1ci\u00e1m. Okrem m\u00e1lo \u0161pecifick\u00e9ho serotonolytika (l\u00e1tky, ktor\u00e1 blokuje receptory nervov\u00fdch synapsi\u00ed, v ktor\u00fdch je medi\u00e1torom seroton\u00edn) m\u00e1 LSD e\u0161te inhibi\u010dn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok na monoaminooxid\u00e1zu (MAO) seroton\u00ednu, ako aj na MAO in\u00fdch medi\u00e1torov \u2014 \u03b3-aminomaslov\u00e1 kyselina, histam\u00edn a noradrenal\u00edn. Skr\u00e1tka, \u00fa\u010dinok je dos\u0165 rozmanit\u00fd a treba poveda\u0165 \u2014 dodnes nie je \u00faplne presk\u00faman\u00fd.<\/p>\n
N nejak\u00fd \u010das sa predpokladalo, \u017ee \u0161t\u00fadium novej l\u00e1tky umo\u017en\u00ed pochopi\u0165 povahu schizofr\u00e9nie, ktor\u00e1 je taktie\u017e charakterizovan\u00e1 probl\u00e9mami s \u010dinnos\u0165ou seroton\u00ednu. Av\u0161ak mnoh\u00ed vedci neverili, \u017ee psychadelick\u00fd a schizofrenick\u00fd psych\u00f3za s\u00fa identick\u00e9. Napriek niektor\u00fdm spolo\u010dn\u00fdm rysom bola hypot\u00e9za o jedinej povahe schizofr\u00e9nie a p\u00f4soben\u00ed LSD vyvr\u00e1ten\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Tak \u010di onak, v 60. rokoch 20. storo\u010dia sa akt\u00edvne vykon\u00e1vali v\u00fdskumy LSD \u2014 a hovor\u00edm teraz o \u00faplne miernom \u0161t\u00fadiu vedcov na univerzit\u00e1ch USA a in\u00fdch kraj\u00edn. Najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu znalos\u0165 z\u00edskali v\u00fdskumy Stanislava Grofa a Timothyho Learyho. Posledn\u00fd akt\u00edvne propagoval t\u00fato psychotropn\u00fa l\u00e1tku, preto\u017ee veril, \u017ee u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok z nej prevy\u0161uje mo\u017en\u00e9 ved\u013eaj\u0161ie \u00fa\u010dinky. Okrem toho d\u00e1val LSD niektor\u00fdm \u0161tudentom, bez toho aby ich varoval o jej n\u00e1zve, ako sa \u010dasto praktikovalo v tom obdob\u00ed pri v\u00fdskume psychedelik. N\u00e1sledne bol Timothy Leary akt\u00edvne prenasledovan\u00fd \u00faradmi, vr\u00e1tane z d\u00f4vodu jeho agres\u00edvnej poz\u00edcie o pr\u00ednosoch \"roz\u0161\u00edrenia vedomia\" pre \u010dloveka.<\/p>\n
V roku 1977 po\u010das vypo\u010d\u00favania v americkom sen\u00e1te riadite\u013e CIA Stansfield Turner priznal, \u017ee CIA od za\u010diatku 60. rokov vykon\u00e1vala s\u00e9riu experimentov s pou\u017eit\u00edm LSD na \u013eu\u010foch bez ich s\u00fahlasu a vedomia (program \"MK Ultra\"). T\u00fdmto experimentom podliehalo mno\u017estvo Ameri\u010danov, medzi ktor\u00fdmi boli okrem in\u00e9ho v\u00e4zni, pacienti psychiatrick\u00fdch nemocn\u00edc a onkologick\u00fdch centier, zdravotn\u00e9 sestry, \"in\u00fd zdravotn\u00edcky person\u00e1l\". U niektor\u00fdch podozriv\u00fdch pritom \"sa objavili prv\u00e9 sympt\u00f3my schizofr\u00e9nie\".<\/p>\n
Po Amerike sa prehnala vlna nad\u0161enia psychotropn\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami a LSD, ktor\u00e1 mala ve\u013ek\u00fd vplyv na formovanie kontrakult\u00fary \u0161es\u0165desiatych a sedemdesiatych rokov. \u0160iroko zn\u00e1ma sa stala fr\u00e1za doktora Learyho, ktor\u00e1 sa premenila na heslo priaznivcov u\u017e\u00edvania psychedel\u00edk: \"Turn on, tune in, drop out\" (\"Zapni, nalad\u0165 sa, odpadni\"). Pod slovom \"odpadni\" mali na mysli odklon od konzervat\u00edvnych mor\u00e1lnych noriem a sp\u00f4sobu \u017eivota v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny spolo\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n
V roku 1966 bolo v USA zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 vyr\u00e1ba\u0165, distribuova\u0165 a u\u017e\u00edva\u0165. L\u00e1tku zak\u00e1zali dokonca aj na laborat\u00f3rny v\u00fdskum.
\nA samozrejme, LSD mali radi kreat\u00edvni \u013eudia.<\/b><\/p>\n\n- Ke\u010f The Beatles nahrali piese\u0148 \"Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds\", John Lennon vysvetlil p\u00f4vod n\u00e1zvu piesne t\u00fdm, \u017ee tak pomenoval svoj kresbu jeho syn Julian. Av\u0161ak mnoh\u00ed v tomto n\u00e1zve videli n\u00e1znak drogovej l\u00e1tky LSD, ve\u010f presne t\u00fato skratku tvorili jeho prv\u00e9 p\u00edsmen\u00e1, a BBC dokonca zak\u00e1zala piese\u0148 na rot\u00e1ciu. Nesk\u00f4r Paul McCartney uviedol, \u017ee vplyv LSD na t\u00fato piese\u0148 je dos\u0165 zjavn\u00fd.<\/li>\n
- Z\u00e1stancami LSD boli tak\u00ed vynikaj\u00faci vedci ako Francis Crick \u2014 jeden z priekopn\u00edkov v oblasti v\u00fdskumu \u0161trukt\u00fary a funkci\u00ed DNA a Stanislav Grof, ktor\u00fd sa venoval transpacientnej psychol\u00f3gii. Takisto sa k l\u00e1tke obracali Steve Jobs a Bill Gates. Jobs opisuje svoju sk\u00fasenos\u0165 s LSD ako \"jednu z dvoch alebo troch najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch vec\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 v \u017eivote urobil\". Mimochodom, Jobs zomrel na rakovinu pankreasu, zatia\u013e \u010do Gates patr\u00ed medzi rekord\u00e9rov v prevode prostriedkov na charitu. Je ve\u013emi pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee to nijako nes\u00favis\u00ed.<\/li>\n
- Je zn\u00e1mym faktom, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve LSD pou\u017e\u00edvali \"na in\u0161pir\u00e1ciu\" svetozn\u00e1mi spisovatelia Aldous Huxley (\u201eKr\u00e1sny nov\u00fd svet\"), Kurt Vonnegut (\u201eKol\u00edska pre ma\u010dku\"), Ken Kesey (\u201ePrelet nad kuku\u010d\u00edm hniezdom\") a tie\u017e tak\u00ed hudobn\u00edci ako John Lennon, Syd Barrett, Jim Morrison a \u010fal\u0161\u00ed.<\/li>\n
- Mimochodom, vo filme \u201e\u010cierne zrkadlo. Bandersnatch\" hrdina so svoj\u00edm priate\u013eom za\u017e\u00edva \u00fa\u010dinky LSD, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ve\u013emi podobn\u00e9 skuto\u010dn\u00fdm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Ale vr\u00e1\u0165me sa k na\u0161ej t\u00e9me. V \u010dase objavu LSD mali vojaci a \u0161peci\u00e1lne slu\u017eby cel\u00fd zoznam r\u00f4znych u\u017e pripraven\u00fdch l\u00e1tok so podobn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010dinkom: meskal\u00edn, psilocybin, TMA, THC, nalorfin, harm\u00edn, DOM, DMT, ibotenov\u00e1 kyselina\u2026 A aj ten ist\u00fd N,N-dimetylamid kyseliny octovej \u2014 a ten pri 400 mg\/kg sp\u00f4sobuje depresiu, stratu orient\u00e1cie, zrakov\u00e9 halucin\u00e1cie, bludy a letargiu \u2014 pri\u010dom spo\u013eahlivo, na 7 dn\u00ed!<\/p>\n
Ale predsa si vybrali LSD. Pre\u010do?<\/p>\n
\n- Na spo\u013eahliv\u00fd odlet sta\u010d\u00ed 0,1-0,2 mg na triezveho a 0,3-0,5 mg na pij\u00faceho (\u00e1no, presne tak!). TO JE VE\u013dMI M\u00c1LO! Preto na zauj\u00edmav\u00fdch miestach nepred\u00e1vaj\u00fa tablety LSD \u2014 pred\u00e1vaj\u00fa n\u00e1lepky, ktor\u00e9 po ol\u00edzan\u00ed zaru\u010dene dostane\u0161 potrebn\u00fa d\u00e1vku.<\/li>\n
- LSD sa dobre rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a vo vode (vo forme tartr\u00e1tu) a je dostato\u010dne stabiln\u00e9.<\/li>\n
- Smrte\u013en\u00e1 d\u00e1vka je pribli\u017ene 100 mg na osobu, \u010do je 500-1000-kr\u00e1t viac ako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1. Zabi\u0165 je dos\u0165 \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 (a naopak z u\u017e spom\u00ednan\u00e9ho N,N-dimetylamidu kyseliny octovej, mimochodom, sa preberie 1 \u010dlovek z 3).<\/li>\n
- Kumulat\u00edvny efekt neexistuje.<\/li>\n
- N\u00e1vykovos\u0165 \u2014 v ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade fyziologick\u00e1 \u2014 neexistuje.<\/li>\n
- \u00bbOdn\u00e1\u0161a\u00ab minim\u00e1lne na 5 hod\u00edn \u2014 maxim\u00e1lne na 2 dni.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
\nTak\u017ee l\u00e1tka sa nielen dostala do an\u00e1\u013eov, ale aj bola prijat\u00e1 do v\u00fdzbroje pod zrozumite\u013en\u00fdm a jasn\u00fdm k\u00f3dom LSD. A tie\u017e syntetizovali anal\u00f3gy! Pravda, v\u0161etky sa uk\u00e1zali ako ne\u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9.
\nHlavn\u00e9 anal\u00f3gy LSD (v z\u00e1tvork\u00e1ch ich halucinog\u00e9nna aktivita v % vo\u010di LSD)<\/b><\/p>\n\n- 2-brom-LSD (7%, \u00fa\u010dinok sa prejavuje len u 2% testovan\u00fdch, je 1,5-kr\u00e1t akt\u00edvnej\u0161ie antiseroton\u00ednov\u00e9 \u010dinidlo ako LSD, skratka \u2014 BOL);<\/li>\n
- amid lysergovej kyseliny (0%);<\/li>\n
- dimetylamid lysergovej kyseliny (10%);<\/li>\n
- monoetylamid lysergovej kyseliny (5-10%);<\/li>\n
- morfolid lysergovej kyseliny (30%);<\/li>\n
- 1-acetyl-LSD (100%, ale trvanie \u00fa\u010dinku je 2-3 kr\u00e1t krat\u0161ie a vegetat\u00edvne \u00fa\u010dinky s\u00fa v\u00fdraznej\u0161ie, ozna\u010denie \u2014 ALD-52);<\/li>\n
- 1-metyl-LSD (36%, 4-kr\u00e1t akt\u00edvnej\u0161ie ako LSD z h\u013eadiska antiseroton\u00ednovej aktivity);<\/li>\n
- 1-metoxy-LSD (66%);<\/li>\n
- pyrrolidid lysergovej kyseliny (5%).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
Nedostatok LSD bol zrejm\u00fd: na synt\u00e9zu bola potrebn\u00e1 ergot, t\u00fa bolo potrebn\u00e9 pestova\u0165, lysergovej kyseliny poskytovalo m\u00e1lo \u2014 produkt bol drah\u00fd. Za\u010dal sa h\u013eadanie nie\u010doho, \u010do by bolo rovnako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. A nakoniec na\u0161li!
\nBZ<\/b>![\"O](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/b903a71fb69a7eaba9e909d3695d164b.jpg\")
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\nNie, %username%, \"BZ\" nem\u00e1 \u017eiadny vz\u0165ah k nejak\u00fdm zvukom organick\u00e9ho p\u00f4vodu. A to, \u017ee \"BZ\" pri chybe s rozlo\u017een\u00edm z\u00edskava \"\u0418\u042f\" \u2014 jednoduch\u00e1 n\u00e1hoda. Pravdepodobne.<\/p>\n
BZ \u2014 3-chinuklidyl ester benzoovej kyseliny \u2014 je psychotomimetikum zo skupiny glykol\u00e1tov.
\nBol vyn\u00e1jden\u00fd \u0161vaj\u010diarskou farmaceutickou spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou Hoffman-LaRoche v roku 1951 \u2014 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 sk\u00famala spazmolytick\u00e9 prostriedky na lie\u010dbu gastrointestin\u00e1lnych ochoren\u00ed. A to, \u010do sa uk\u00e1zalo ako nevhodn\u00e9 na vredy, sa uk\u00e1zalo ako ve\u013emi vhodn\u00e9 na in\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely (no, ako aj v pr\u00edpade Viagry, aj to sa stalo). <\/p>\n
V tejto dobe sa vojensk\u00e9 Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty sna\u017eili n\u00e1js\u0165 mo\u017en\u00e9 nesmrte\u013en\u00e9, psychoakt\u00edvne l\u00e1tky, ktor\u00e9 by dezorientovali, vr\u00e1tane psychedelick\u00fdch liekov ako LSD a THC, disociat\u00edvnych liekov ako ketam\u00edn a feniklid\u00edn, silne \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch opioidov ako fentanyl, ako aj nieko\u013ek\u00fdch glykol\u00e1tov\u00fdch anticholinergick\u00fdch prostriedkov. A vtedy sa im to podarilo. <\/p>\n
P\u00f4vodne bol prostriedok ozna\u010den\u00fd ako \u201eTK\u201c, ale ke\u010f bol v roku 1961 \u0161tandardizovan\u00fd arm\u00e1dou, dostal k\u00f3dov\u00e9 ozna\u010denie NATO \u201eBZ\u201c. Agent sa obvykle stal zn\u00e1mym ako \u201eBuzz\u201c kv\u00f4li tejto skratke a \u00fa\u010dinkom, ktor\u00e9 mal na psychick\u00fd stav dobrovo\u013en\u00edkov v vedeck\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00e1ch na Edgewood Arsenal v Marylande.<\/p>\n
V roku 1962 bola na vojenskej z\u00e1kladni Pine Bluff (Arkansas) spusten\u00e1 in\u0161tal\u00e1cia na priemyseln\u00fa v\u00fdrobu l\u00e1tky BZ. Jej bojov\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 bola hodnoten\u00e1 po\u010das ter\u00e9nnych sk\u00fa\u0161an\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa skon\u010dili v roku 1966. <\/p>\n
Ke\u010f\u017ee BZ s\u00fa biele kry\u0161t\u00e1ly s teplotou topenia 190 \u00b0C, n\u00edzkou volatilnos\u0165ou a vysokou tepelnou stabilitou, pou\u017e\u00edvali sa kazetov\u00e9 bomby, ktor\u00e9 rozpty\u013eovali pyrotechnick\u00e9 \"dymov\u00e9\" n\u00e1plne s BZ na ploche pribli\u017ene 1,2 hekt\u00e1ra. K dispoz\u00edcii boli aj \"gener\u00e1tory\", ktor\u00e9 obsahovali 5-6 kg BZ. Takisto sa zva\u017eovali mo\u017enosti kontamin\u00e1cie fragmentov, striel a in\u00e9ho.<\/p>\n
BZ p\u00f4sob\u00ed vo forme aeros\u00f3lu pri koncentr\u00e1ci\u00e1ch okolo 110 mg*min\/l \u2014 a v skuto\u010dnosti je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 touto l\u00e1tkou usmrti\u0165; bolo uveden\u00e9, \u017ee do rizikovej skupiny patr\u00ed star\u0161\u00ed \u013eudia, deti a osoby so respira\u010dn\u00fdmi ochoreniami.<\/p>\n
Za\u010diatok je be\u017en\u00fd: roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 zrenice, suchos\u0165 v \u00fastach, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 srdcov\u00e1 frekvencia. Po 30-60 min\u00fatach nast\u00e1va hlavn\u00fd akt dr\u00e1my: oslabenie pozornosti a pam\u00e4te, zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 reakcie na vonkaj\u0161ie podnety, v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 potla\u010denie a naru\u0161enie orient\u00e1cie v okol\u00ed. Po 1-4 hodin\u00e1ch s\u00fa pozorovan\u00e9 siln\u00e1 tachykardia, zm\u00e4tok vedomia, strata kontaktu s okoln\u00fdm svetom. Halucin\u00e1cie s\u00fa tak\u00e9 siln\u00e9, \u017ee ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00edk si nem\u00f4\u017ee uvedomi\u0165, \u010do sa skuto\u010dne deje a \u010do sa mu zd\u00e1. Je to ve\u013emi z\u00e1bavn\u00e9, %username%. Vyd\u00e1\u0161 sa do smiechu, preboha.<\/p>\n
Nakoniec sa rozv\u00edja agres\u00edvny negativizmus: \u010dlovek rob\u00ed opak toho, \u010do mu je navrhnut\u00e9. A to ve\u013emi \u010dasto \u2014 s v\u00fdbuchmi hnevu. Toto \u0161ialenstvo trv\u00e1 a\u017e 4-5 dn\u00ed, zvy\u0161kov\u00e9 poruchy pretrv\u00e1vaj\u00fa 2-3 t\u00fd\u017edne. M\u00f4\u017ee sa vyskytn\u00fa\u0165 \u010diasto\u010dn\u00e1 alebo \u00fapln\u00e1 strata pam\u00e4te. <\/p>\n
Mechanizmus p\u00f4sobenia BZ je rovnako zlo\u017eit\u00fd ako pri LSD. BZ je antagonistom muskar\u00ednov\u00fdch receptorov acetylchol\u00ednu, teda v podstate je cholinolytik, ktor\u00fd nar\u00fa\u0161a prenos nervov\u00fdch impulzov za \u00fa\u010dasti acetylchol\u00ednu \u2014 \u00e1no, \u00e1no, %username%, presne ako VX, ale s\u00fa tu nuansy. Nuansou je vysok\u00fd pomer toxickej d\u00e1vky k \u00fa\u010dinnej: pri BZ je tento pomer pribli\u017ene 40-kr\u00e1t (rozsah od 32 do 384-kr\u00e1t), teda v podstate p\u00f4sobenie BZ je ve\u013emi-ve\u013emi mal\u00e9 otr\u00e1venie. Skr\u00e1tka, tam s\u00e1m diabol zakopne, ale opojenie, difenhydram\u00edn a atenolol s\u00fa bratia vo svojom mechanizme p\u00f4sobenia s BZ. Mo\u017eno nie pr\u00edbuzn\u00ed, ale ur\u010dite bratranci.<\/p>\n
Existuje zmienka o pou\u017eit\u00ed l\u00e1tky po\u010das vojny vo Vietname, ale v\u00fdsledky s\u00fa spr\u00e1vy len o tom, \u017ee boli \"uspokojiv\u00e9.\"<\/p>\n
Predpoklad\u00e1 sa, \u017ee Paul Robeson bol v roku 1961 otr\u00e1ven\u00fd BZ, \u010do sp\u00f4sobilo z\u00e1chvat halucin\u00e1ci\u00ed a silnej depresie.<\/p>\n
V febru\u00e1ri 1998 britsk\u00e9 ministerstvo obrany obvinilo Irak z uchov\u00e1vania ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva glykol\u00e1tov\u00e9ho anticholinergn\u00e9ho \"agenta 15\". Agent 15 mal by\u0165 bu\u010f chemicky identick\u00fd s BZ, alebo s n\u00edm \u00fazko s\u00favisiaci, a uchov\u00e1val sa vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00e1ch pred a po\u010das vojny v Perzskom z\u00e1live. Po vojne v\u0161ak CIA dospela k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee Irak akumuloval ani nezaobstaral agent 15.<\/p>\n
V janu\u00e1ri 2013 neidentifikovan\u00fd predstavite\u013e administrat\u00edvy USA, odvol\u00e1vaj\u00fac sa na nezverejnen\u00fa depe\u0161u Ministerstva zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch vec\u00ed USA, uviedol, \u017ee \"s\u00fdrske kontakty presved\u010divo dokazuj\u00fa, \u017ee agent 15, halucinog\u00e9nna chemik\u00e1lia podobn\u00e1 BZ, bol pou\u017eit\u00fd v Homse.\" Av\u0161ak na t\u00fato spr\u00e1vu ofici\u00e1lny z\u00e1stupca N\u00e1rodnej bezpe\u010dnostnej rady USA povedal: \"Spr\u00e1vy, ktor\u00e9 sme videli z m\u00e9di\u00ed o \u00fadajn\u00fdch incidentoch s chemick\u00fdmi zbra\u0148ami v S\u00fdrii, nezodpovedaj\u00fa tomu, \u010do pova\u017eujeme za pravdu o s\u00fdrskej chemickej zbra\u0148ovej program.\" Chemick\u00e1 l\u00e1tka sa tie\u017e \u00fadajne pou\u017eila pri \u00fatokoch v Gh\u00fate v auguste 2013.<\/p>\n
14. apr\u00edla 2018 minister zahrani\u010dn\u00fdch vec\u00ed RF Sergey Lavrov ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee experti zo \u0161vaj\u010diarskeho centra pre r\u00e1diologick\u00fa a chemick\u00fa anal\u00fdzu v meste \u0160pice, ktor\u00ed analyzovali vzorky Organiz\u00e1cie pre z\u00e1kaz chemick\u00fdch zbran\u00ed z miesta otravy Sergeja a J\u00falije Skripa\u013eovej v Salisbury, objavili v t\u00fdchto vzork\u00e1ch stopy BZ. 18. apr\u00edla na zasadnut\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00e9ho v\u00fdboru OZHZ gener\u00e1lny riadite\u013e Ahmed \u00dcz\u00fcmc\u00fc vysvetlil, \u017ee prekurzory BZ boli pou\u017eit\u00e9 ako kontroln\u00e1 vzorka pre overenie kvality pr\u00e1ce laborat\u00f3ri\u00ed a k vzork\u00e1m zo Salisbury nemali \u017eiadny vz\u0165ah.<\/p>\n
Ako sa p\u00ed\u0161e, v rokoch 1988\u20141990 boli v\u0161etky z\u00e1soby BZ v USA zlikvidovan\u00e9 spolu s priemyselnou v\u00fdrobou. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je jedin\u00e1 experiment\u00e1lna v\u00fdroba na plan\u00e9te, nach\u00e1dzaj\u00faca sa v meste Edgewood (USA), schopn\u00e1 vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 a\u017e 20 t\/rok, zatia\u013e \u010do mimo USA s\u00fa celkov\u00e9 v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 kapacity menej ne\u017e 1 t\/rok, preto\u017ee po\u010das tejto doby nebola vyrie\u0161en\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka efekt\u00edvneho z\u00edskavania jeho prekurzora \u2014 3-chinuklidolu. Tak sa hovor\u00ed, neviem. Ale viem, \u017ee existovali pokusy o n\u00e1hradu \u2014 najzn\u00e1mej\u0161ia je ditran.
\nDitr\u00e1n \u2014 v skuto\u010dnosti zmes tak\u00e9hoto zlo\u017eenia<\/b>![\"O](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/53981fa5911bc29d262169b3a8040308.jpg\")
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\nPova\u017euje sa, \u017ee pri d\u00e1vke 5-15 mg t\u00e1to zmes vyvol\u00e1va sympt\u00f3my podobn\u00e9 BZ, ktor\u00e9 sa vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa v priebehu hodiny.<\/p>\n
V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti nie s\u00fa ofici\u00e1lne vo v\u00fdzbroji kraj\u00edn sveta psychotropn\u00e9 lieky. Ale pozoruj\u00fac niektor\u00e9 masov\u00e9 udalosti v bl\u00edzkych aj menej bl\u00edzkych krajin\u00e1ch \u2014 ve\u013emi o tom pochybujem. Arm\u00e1dy ich mo\u017eno nemaj\u00fa, ale tajn\u00e9 slu\u017eby ur\u010dite pracuj\u00fa.<\/p>\n
No, takto sa to cel\u00e9 vyvinulo. <\/p>\n
Uvid\u00edme, \u010di sa ti to bude p\u00e1\u010di\u0165, %username%. Tentoraz nebude hlasovanie \u2014 v\u0161etko uk\u00e1\u017ee hodnotenie \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n
Bohu\u017eia\u013e, v sobotu sa mi za\u010dne \u010fal\u0161\u00ed \u010das vzdialen\u00fdch a menej vzdialen\u00fdch slu\u017eobn\u00fdch ciest \u2014 preto \u010dasu na tvoju kreativitu zostane m\u00e1lo \u2014 od\u00eddem na \u010fal\u0161\u00ed kreat\u00edvny oddych. A ke\u010f\u017ee \u010dasu je m\u00e1lo, a zatia\u013e m\u00e1m v hlave len jeden viac-menej utvoren\u00fd pr\u00edbeh o \u017eltom fosfore a nehode ne\u010faleko \u013dvova, ktor\u00e1 s n\u00edm s\u00favis\u00ed, ak sa uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee som st\u00e1le zauj\u00edmav\u00fd \u2014 podel\u00edm sa s tebou o tento pr\u00edbeh.<\/p>\n
No a ak nie \u2014 \u010do u\u017e, sna\u017eil som sa.<\/p>\n
Ve\u013ea \u0161\u0165astia a nezab\u00fadaj na zdravie! Ani fyzicky, ani psychicky...
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