{"id":33434,"date":"2019-10-31T21:52:33","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:52:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-rabotaet-szhatie-v-obektno-orientirovannoj-arhitekture-pamyati\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:52:33","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:52:33","slug":"kak-rabotaet-szhatie-v-obektno-orientirovannoj-arhitekture-pamyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-rabotaet-szhatie-v-obektno-orientirovannoj-arhitekture-pamyati","title":{"rendered":"Ako funguje kompresia v objektoch orientovanej architekt\u00fare pam\u00e4te","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00edm in\u017einierov z MIT vyvinul objektovo orientovan\u00fa hierarchiu pam\u00e4te, aby efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie pracoval s d\u00e1tami. V \u010dl\u00e1nku sa zaober\u00e1me t\u00fdm, ako je to usporiadan\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"Ako<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>
\n\/ PxHere<\/noindex> \/ PD<\/i><\/p>\n

Ako je zn\u00e1me, n\u00e1rast v\u00fdkonnosti modern\u00fdch CPU nie je sprev\u00e1dzan\u00fd zodpovedaj\u00facim poklesom latencie pri pr\u00edstupe k pam\u00e4ti. Rozdiel v zmen\u00e1ch ukazovate\u013eov z roka na rok m\u00f4\u017ee dosiahnu\u0165 a\u017e 10-n\u00e1sobok (PDF, str.3<\/a><\/noindex>). V\u00fdsledkom je \u00fazky bod, ktor\u00fd neumo\u017e\u0148uje plne vyu\u017ei\u0165 dostupn\u00e9 zdroje a spoma\u013euje spracovanie d\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Na v\u00fdkon vpl\u00fdva tzv. dekompresn\u00e1 latencia. V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch m\u00f4\u017ee pr\u00edprava dekompresie d\u00e1t zabra\u0165 a\u017e 64 procesorov\u00fdch cyklov. <\/p>\n

Na porovnanie: s\u010d\u00edtanie a n\u00e1sobenie \u010d\u00edsel s pohyblivou desatinnou \u010diarkou trv\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> maxim\u00e1lne desa\u0165 cyklov. Probl\u00e9m spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee pam\u00e4\u0165 pracuje s blokmi d\u00e1t pevnej ve\u013ekosti, zatia\u013e \u010do aplik\u00e1cie pracuj\u00fa s objektmi, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu obsahova\u0165 r\u00f4zne typy d\u00e1t a l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 sa ve\u013ekos\u0165ou. Na vyrie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mu t\u00edm in\u017einierov z MIT vyvinul objektovo orientovan\u00fa hierarchiu pam\u00e4te, ktor\u00e1 optimalizuje spracovanie d\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Ako funguje technol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\n

\nZ\u00e1kladom rie\u0161enia s\u00fa tri technol\u00f3gie: Hotpads, Zippads a algoritmus kompresie COCO.<\/p>\n

Hotpads s\u00fa softv\u00e9rovo riaden\u00e1 hierarchia superkritickej registra\u010dnej pam\u00e4te (scratchpad<\/a><\/noindex>). Tieto registre sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa pady a s\u00fa tri \u2014 od L1 po L3. Ukladaj\u00fa objekty r\u00f4znych ve\u013ekost\u00ed, metadata a pole ukazovate\u013eov.<\/p>\n

Architekt\u00fara je v podstate syst\u00e9m cache, ale prisp\u00f4soben\u00fd na pr\u00e1cu s objektmi. \u00darove\u0148 padu, na ktorej sa objekt nach\u00e1dza, z\u00e1vis\u00ed od toho, ako \u010dasto sa pou\u017e\u00edva. Ak je niektor\u00e1 z \u00farovn\u00ed \u201epreplnen\u00e1\u201c, syst\u00e9m sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a mechanizmus podobn\u00fd \u201ezameta\u010dom odpadu\u201c v jazykoch Java alebo Go. Analyzuje, ktor\u00e9 objekty sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa menej \u010dasto ako ostatn\u00e9 a automaticky ich pres\u00fava medzi \u00farov\u0148ami.<\/p>\n

Zippads funguje na z\u00e1klade Hotpads \u2014 arch\u00edvuje a rozba\u013euje d\u00e1ta, ktor\u00e9 prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa alebo odch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z dvoch posledn\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00ed hierarchie \u2014 padu L3 a hlavnej pam\u00e4te. V prvom a druhom pade s\u00fa d\u00e1ta uchov\u00e1van\u00e9 v nezmenenej podobe.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n \"Ako
\n
\nZippads komprimuje objekty, ktor\u00fdch ve\u013ekos\u0165 nepresahuje 128 bajtov. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie objekty s\u00fa rozdelen\u00e9 na \u010dasti, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa potom umiestnen\u00e9 v r\u00f4znych oblastiach pam\u00e4te. Ako p\u00ed\u0161u v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri, tak\u00fdto pr\u00edstup zvy\u0161uje koeficient efekt\u00edvne vyu\u017e\u00edvanej pam\u00e4te.<\/p>\n

Na komprim\u00e1ciu objektov sa pou\u017e\u00edva algoritmus COCO (Cross-Object COmpression), o ktorom sa dozviete viac nesk\u00f4r, aj ke\u010f syst\u00e9m dok\u00e1\u017ee pracova\u0165 aj s Base-Delta-Immediate<\/a><\/noindex> alebo FPC<\/a><\/noindex>. Algoritmus COCO je druhom diferenci\u00e1lnej kompresie (differential compression<\/a><\/noindex>). Porovn\u00e1va objekty s \u201ez\u00e1kladn\u00fdmi\u201c a odstra\u0148uje opakuj\u00face sa bity \u2014 pozrite si sch\u00e9mu ni\u017e\u0161ie:<\/p>\n

\"Ako<\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea in\u017einierov z MIT je ich objektovo orientovan\u00e1 hierarchia pam\u00e4te o 17 % v\u00fdkonnej\u0161ia ako klasick\u00e9 pr\u00edstupy. Je ove\u013ea bli\u017e\u0161ie svojou \u0161trukt\u00farou k architekt\u00fare s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, tak\u017ee nov\u00e1 met\u00f3da m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

O\u010dak\u00e1va sa, \u017ee technol\u00f3giu najprv za\u010dn\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 pracuj\u00fa s ve\u013ek\u00fdmi d\u00e1tami a algoritmami strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm potenci\u00e1lnym smerom s\u00fa cloudov\u00e9 platformy. IaaS poskytovatelia z\u00edskaj\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie pracova\u0165 s virtualiz\u00e1ciou, syst\u00e9mami ukladania d\u00e1t a v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fdmi zdrojmi.<\/p>\n

Na\u0161e \u010fal\u0161ie zdroje a materi\u00e1ly:<\/b><\/p>\n

\"Ako \u201eAko budujeme IaaS\u201c: materi\u00e1ly o pr\u00e1ci 1cloud<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"Ako Evol\u00facia architekt\u00fary cloudu 1cloud<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Ako Slu\u017eba objektov\u00e9ho \u00falo\u017eiska v 1cloud<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\"Ako Potenci\u00e1lne \u00fatoky na HTTPS a sp\u00f4soby ochrany proti nim<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Ako Ako sa podobaj\u00fa a l\u00ed\u0161ia pr\u00edstupy Continuous Delivery a Continuous Integration<\/a><\/noindex>
\n\"Ako Ako chr\u00e1ni\u0165 server na internete: sk\u00fasenosti 1cloud<\/a><\/noindex><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 MIT \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430. \/ PxHere \/ PD \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 CPU \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043a \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e 10 \u0440\u0430\u0437 (PDF, 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