{"id":33620,"date":"2019-10-31T21:53:46","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/uluchshaem-rabotu-wi-fi-obshhie-printsipy-i-poleznye-shtuki\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:53:46","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:53:46","slug":"uluchshaem-rabotu-wi-fi-obshhie-printsipy-i-poleznye-shtuki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uluchshaem-rabotu-wi-fi-obshhie-printsipy-i-poleznye-shtuki","title":{"rendered":"Zlep\u0161ujeme v\u00fdkon Wi-Fi. V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 z\u00e1sady a u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 veci","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zlep\u0161ujeme v\u00fdkon Wi-Fi. V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 z\u00e1sady a u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 veci\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/b3a701ee342f66c103d52494fa20d9bd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nKa\u017ed\u00fd, kto montoval, kupoval alebo aspo\u0148 nastavoval r\u00e1di prij\u00edma\u010d, ur\u010dite po\u010dul tak\u00e9 slov\u00e1 ako: citlivos\u0165 a selektivita.<\/p>\n<p>Citlivos\u0165 \u2014 tento parameter ukazuje, ako dobre v\u00e1\u0161 prij\u00edma\u010d dok\u00e1\u017ee prij\u00edma\u0165 sign\u00e1l aj v t\u00fdch najod\u013eahlej\u0161\u00edch oblastiach. <\/p>\n<p>A selektivita, na druhej strane, ukazuje, ako dobre sa prij\u00edma\u010d dok\u00e1\u017ee naladi\u0165 na ur\u010dit\u00e9 frekvencie bez vplyvu in\u00fdch frekvenci\u00ed. Tieto \u201ein\u00e9 frekvencie\u201c, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa s\u00favisiace s prenosom sign\u00e1lu od vybranej rozhlasovej stanice, zohr\u00e1vaj\u00fa v tomto pr\u00edpade \u00falohu r\u00e1diov\u00fdch ru\u0161en\u00ed.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nZvy\u0161ovan\u00edm v\u00fdkonu vysiela\u010da n\u00fatime prij\u00edma\u010de s malou citlivos\u0165ou prij\u00edma\u0165 n\u00e1\u0161 sign\u00e1l za ka\u017ed\u00fa cenu. Nemenej d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1va vz\u00e1jomn\u00fd vplyv sign\u00e1lov z r\u00f4znych rozhlasov\u00fdch stan\u00edc na seba, \u010do komplikuje ladenie a zni\u017euje kvalitu r\u00e1diovej komunik\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p>V prostred\u00ed Wi-Fi sa pou\u017e\u00edva r\u00e1diov\u00fd \u00e9ter ako m\u00e9dium na prenos d\u00e1t. Preto mnoh\u00e9 veci, s ktor\u00fdmi operovali r\u00e1diov\u00ed in\u017einieri a r\u00e1diov\u00ed nad\u0161enci minulosti a dokonca predminul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia, s\u00fa st\u00e1le aktu\u00e1lne aj dnes. <\/p>\n<p>Ale nie\u010do sa zmenilo. Na miesto <b>anal\u00f3gov\u00e9ho<\/b> form\u00e1tu pri\u0161lo digit\u00e1lne vysielanie, \u010do sp\u00f4sobilo zmenu charakteru pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu. <\/p>\n<p>Ni\u017e\u0161ie je uveden\u00fd popis be\u017ene sa vyskytuj\u00facich faktorov, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa fungovanie bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fdch siet\u00ed Wi-Fi v r\u00e1mci \u0161tandardov IEEE 802.11b\/g\/n.<\/p>\n<h3>Niektor\u00e9 nuansy Wi-Fi siet\u00ed<\/h3>\n<p>\nPre \u00e9terov\u00e9 r\u00e1diov\u00e9 vysielanie \u010faleko od ve\u013ek\u00fdch s\u00eddlisk, ke\u010f mo\u017eno na svoj prij\u00edma\u010d prija\u0165 len sign\u00e1l miestnej FM rozhlasovej stanice a e\u0161te \"Maj\u00e1k\" v VKV p\u00e1sme \u2014 ot\u00e1zka vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9ho vplyvu nevznik\u00e1. <\/p>\n<p>In\u00e1 je situ\u00e1cia s Wi-Fi zariadeniami, ktor\u00e9 pracuj\u00fa iba v dvoch obmedzen\u00fdch p\u00e1smach: 2,4 a 5 GHz. Ni\u017e\u0161ie s\u00fa op\u00edsan\u00e9 niektor\u00e9 probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 je potrebn\u00e9, ak nie prekon\u00e1va\u0165, tak aspo\u0148 vedie\u0165, ako ob\u00eds\u0165.<\/p>\n<p><b>Probl\u00e9m prv\u00fd<\/b> \u2014 r\u00f4zne \u0161tandardy pracuj\u00fa s r\u00f4znymi p\u00e1smami. <\/p>\n<p>V p\u00e1sme 2.4 GHz pracuj\u00fa zariadenia podporuj\u00face \u0161tandard 802.11b\/g, zatia\u013e \u010do siete \u0161tandardu 802.11n v p\u00e1sme 5 GHz pracuj\u00fa zariadenia \u0161tandardu 802.11a a 802.11n.<\/p>\n<p>Ako vid\u00edme, iba zariadenia \u0161tandardu 802.11n m\u00f4\u017eu pracova\u0165 v p\u00e1sme 2,4 GHz aj v p\u00e1sme 5 GHz. V ostatn\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch mus\u00edme bu\u010f podporova\u0165 vysielanie v oboch p\u00e1smach, alebo sa zmieri\u0165 s t\u00fdm, \u017ee niektor\u00ed klienti sa nebud\u00fa m\u00f4c\u0165 pripoji\u0165 k na\u0161ej sieti.<\/p>\n<p><b>Druh\u00e1 probl\u00e9m<\/b> \u2014 Wi-Fi zariadenia, pracuj\u00face v bl\u00edzkosti, m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 rovnak\u00e9 frekven\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00e1smo.<\/p>\n<p>Pre zariadenia pracuj\u00face v p\u00e1sme 2,4 GHz s\u00fa v Rusku dostupn\u00e9 a povolen\u00e9 na pou\u017e\u00edvanie 13 bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fdch kan\u00e1lov \u0161irok\u00fdch 20 MHz pre \u0161tandard 802.11b\/g\/n alebo 40 MHz pre \u0161tandard 802.11n s odstupmi 5 MHz. <\/p>\n<p>Preto ka\u017ed\u00e9 bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e9 zariadenie (klient alebo pr\u00edstupov\u00fd bod) vytv\u00e1ra ru\u0161enie v susedn\u00fdch kan\u00e1loch. Inou vecou je, \u017ee v\u00fdkon vysiela\u010da klientsk\u00e9ho zariadenia, napr\u00edklad smartf\u00f3nu, je v\u00fdrazne ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ako u priemern\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu. Preto sa po\u010das \u010dl\u00e1nku budeme zaobera\u0165 iba vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdm vplyvom pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch bodov navz\u00e1jom.<\/p>\n<p>Najpopul\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00ed kan\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd sa predpoklad\u00e1 klientom, je 6. Ale netreba sa m\u00fdli\u0165, \u017ee v\u00fdber susedn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edsla n\u00e1s zbav\u00ed parazitick\u00e9ho vplyvu. Pr\u00edstupov\u00fd bod pracuj\u00faci na kan\u00e1li 6 vytv\u00e1ra siln\u00e9 ru\u0161enie na kan\u00e1ly 5 a 7 a slab\u0161ie \u2014 na kan\u00e1ly 4 a 8. S rast\u00facim odstupom medzi kan\u00e1lmi sa ich vz\u00e1jomn\u00fd vplyv zni\u017euje. Preto je na minimaliz\u00e1ciu vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9ho ru\u0161enia mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9, aby sa ich nosn\u00e9 frekvencie nach\u00e1dzali od seba aspo\u0148 25 MHz (5 medzi-kan\u00e1lov\u00fdch odstupov). <\/p>\n<p>Probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch kan\u00e1lov s mal\u00fdm vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdm vplyvom s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii iba 3: s\u00fa to 1, 6 a 11.<\/p>\n<p>Mus\u00edme h\u013eada\u0165 nejak\u00fd sp\u00f4sob, ako ob\u00eds\u0165 existuj\u00face obmedzenia. Napr\u00edklad vz\u00e1jomn\u00fd vplyv zariaden\u00ed mo\u017eno kompenzova\u0165 zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm v\u00fdkonu. <\/p>\n<h3>O u\u017eito\u010dnosti umiernenosti vo v\u0161etkom<\/h3>\n<p>\nAko u\u017e bolo povedan\u00e9, zn\u00ed\u017eenie v\u00fdkonu nie je v\u017edy zl\u00e9. Nieto e\u0161te, pri zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdkonu sa kvalita prij\u00edmania m\u00f4\u017ee v\u00fdrazne zhor\u0161i\u0165 a tu nejde o 'slabos\u0165' pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu. Ni\u017e\u0161ie presk\u00famame, v ktor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h4>Nahr\u00e1vanie r\u00e1diov\u00e9ho spektra<\/h4>\n<p>\nEfekt za\u0165a\u017eenia je mo\u017en\u00e9 vidie\u0165 na vlastn\u00e9 o\u010di v momente v\u00fdberu zariadenia na pripojenie. Ak je v zozname Wi-Fi siet\u00ed viac ako tri a\u017e \u0161tyri body, m\u00f4\u017eeme u\u017e hovori\u0165 o za\u0165a\u017een\u00ed r\u00e1diov\u00e9ho spektra. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 sie\u0165 pritom predstavuje zdroj ru\u0161enia pre svoje susedn\u00e9 siete. Ru\u0161enie ovplyv\u0148uje v\u00fdkon siete, preto\u017ee prudko zvy\u0161uje \u00farove\u0148 \u0161umu, \u010do vedie k potrebe neust\u00e1leho opakovan\u00e9ho odosielania paketov. V takom pr\u00edpade je hlavn\u00e1 odpor\u00fa\u010danie zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 v\u00fdkon vysiela\u010da v pr\u00edstupovom bode, ide\u00e1lne presved\u010di\u0165 v\u0161etk\u00fdch susedov, aby urobili to ist\u00e9, aby si navz\u00e1jom neprek\u00e1\u017eali.<\/p>\n<p>Situ\u00e1cia pripom\u00edna \u0161kolsk\u00fa triedu na vyu\u010dovan\u00ed, ke\u010f u\u010dite\u013e odi\u0161iel. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u0161tudent za\u010dne rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 so susedom v lavici a s ostatn\u00fdmi spolu\u017eiakmi. V celkovom hluku si zle po\u010duj\u00fa navz\u00e1jom a za\u010dn\u00fa hovori\u0165 hlasnej\u0161ie, potom e\u0161te hlasnej\u0161ie, a nakoniec za\u010dn\u00fa kri\u010da\u0165. Pedag\u00f3g r\u00fdchlo pribehne do triedy, prijme nejak\u00e9 disciplin\u00e1rne opatrenia a situ\u00e1cia sa vr\u00e1ti do norm\u00e1lu. Ak si predstav\u00edme sie\u0165ov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora ako u\u010dite\u013ea a majite\u013eov pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch bodov ako \u017eiakov, dostaneme takmer priamu anal\u00f3giu.<\/p>\n<h4>Asymetrick\u00e9 pripojenie<\/h4>\n<p>\nAko u\u017e bolo povedan\u00e9, v\u00fdkon vysiela\u010da pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu je zvy\u010dajne silnej\u0161\u00ed 2-3 kr\u00e1t ako na klientsk\u00fdch mobiln\u00fdch zariadeniach: tabletoch, smartf\u00f3noch, notebookoch a tak \u010falej. Preto je ve\u013emi pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee vznikn\u00fa \"\u0161ed\u00e9 z\u00f3ny\", kde klient bude od pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu prij\u00edma\u0165 dobr\u00fd stabiln\u00fd sign\u00e1l, ale prenos od klienta k bodu nebude fungova\u0165 \"ve\u013emi dobre\". Tak\u00e9to pripojenie sa naz\u00fdva asymetrick\u00fdm. <\/p>\n<p>Pre udr\u017eanie stabiln\u00e9ho spojenia s dobrou kvalitou je ve\u013emi \u017eiaduce, aby medzi klientsk\u00fdm zariaden\u00edm a pr\u00edstupov\u00fdm bodom bolo symetrick\u00e9 pripojenie, kedy pr\u00edjem a prenos v oboch smeroch pracuj\u00fa dostato\u010dne efekt\u00edvne.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zlep\u0161ujeme v\u00fdkon Wi-Fi. V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 z\u00e1sady a u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 veci\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/14f7486f5ac2cca18e85e0d53e1a2309.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Obr\u00e1zok 1. Asymetrick\u00e9 pripojenie na pr\u00edklade pl\u00e1nu bytu.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Aby sa predi\u0161lo asymetrick\u00fdm pripojeniam, je potrebn\u00e9 vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa neuv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9mu zvy\u0161ovaniu v\u00fdkonu vysiela\u010da.<\/p>\n<h3>Ke\u010f je potrebn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdkon<\/h3>\n<p>\nNi\u017e\u0161ie uveden\u00e9 faktory vy\u017eaduj\u00fa zv\u00fd\u0161enie v\u00fdkonu na zachovanie stabiln\u00e9ho pripojenia.<\/p>\n<h4>Ru\u0161enie od zariaden\u00ed r\u00e1diovej komunik\u00e1cie in\u00fdch typov a inej elektroniky<\/h4>\n<p>\nBluetooth zariadenia, ako s\u00fa sl\u00fachadl\u00e1, bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e9 kl\u00e1vesnice a my\u0161i, pracuj\u00face v p\u00e1sme 2,4 GHz, m\u00f4\u017eu ovplyvni\u0165 pr\u00e1cu pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu a in\u00fdch Wi-Fi zariaden\u00ed ru\u0161en\u00edm.<\/p>\n<p>Nasleduj\u00face zariadenia m\u00f4\u017eu tie\u017e negat\u00edvne ovplyvni\u0165 kvalitu sign\u00e1lu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>mikrovlnn\u00e9 r\u00fary;<\/li>\n<li>deti r\u00e1diov\u00e9 monitory;<\/li>\n<li>monitory s CRT, bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e9 reproduktory, bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e9 telef\u00f3ny a in\u00e9 bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e9 zariadenia;<\/li>\n<li>extern\u00e9 zdroje elektrick\u00e9ho nap\u00e4tia, ako s\u00fa elektrick\u00e9 vedenia a transform\u00e1torov\u00e9 stanice, <\/li>\n<li>elektromotory;<\/li>\n<li>k\u00e1ble s nedostato\u010dn\u00fdm tienen\u00edm, ako aj koaxi\u00e1lny k\u00e1bel a konektory pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 s niektor\u00fdmi typmi satelitn\u00fdch ant\u00e9n.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Ve\u013ek\u00e9 vzdialenosti medzi Wi-Fi zariadeniami<\/h4>\n<p>\nV\u0161etky r\u00e1diov\u00e9 zariadenia maj\u00ed obmedzen\u00fd dosah. Okrem kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e9ho zariadenia m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 maxim\u00e1lna dosiahnute\u013en\u00e1 vzdialenos\u0165 zn\u00ed\u017een\u00e1 vonkaj\u0161\u00edmi faktormi, ako s\u00fa prek\u00e1\u017eky, r\u00e1diov\u00e9 ru\u0161enie a podobne.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161etko to vedie k vytvoreniu lok\u00e1lnych \u201ez\u00f3n nedosiahnute\u013enosti\u201c, kde sign\u00e1l z pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu \u201enedosahuje\u201c na klientsk\u00e9 zariadenie.<\/p>\n<h4>Prek\u00e1\u017eky pre priechod sign\u00e1lu <\/h4>\n<p>\nR\u00f4zne prek\u00e1\u017eky (steny, stropy, n\u00e1bytok, kovov\u00e9 dvere at\u010f.) medzi Wi-Fi zariadeniami m\u00f4\u017eu odr\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 alebo absorbova\u0165 r\u00e1diov\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly, \u010do vedie k zhor\u0161eniu alebo \u00faplnej strate spojenia.<\/p>\n<p>Tak\u00e9 jednoduch\u00e9 a zjavn\u00e9 veci, ako s\u00fa \u017eelezobet\u00f3nov\u00e9 steny, kryt z plechu, oce\u013eov\u00e1 kon\u0161trukcia, a dokonca zrkadl\u00e1 a t\u00f3novan\u00e9 skl\u00e1, v\u00fdrazne zni\u017euj\u00fa intenzitu sign\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<p><b>Zauj\u00edmav\u00fd fakt<\/b>: \u013eudsk\u00e9 telo oslabuje sign\u00e1l pribli\u017ene o 3 dB.<\/p>\n<p>Ni\u017e\u0161ie je uveden\u00e1 tabu\u013ea straty efektivity Wi-Fi sign\u00e1lu pri prechode r\u00f4znymi prostrediami pre sie\u0165 2,4 GHz.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Zlep\u0161ujeme v\u00fdkon Wi-Fi. V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 z\u00e1sady a u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 veci\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/ef587b5b43712aa33b10c4b3588d7fea.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>* <b>Efekt\u00edvna vzdialenos\u0165<\/b> \u2014 ozna\u010duje rozsah zn\u00ed\u017eenia r\u00e1diov\u00e9ho dosahu po prechode pr\u00edslu\u0161nou prek\u00e1\u017ekou v porovnan\u00ed s otvoren\u00fdm priestorom. <\/p>\n<h3>Zhr\u0148me medziv\u00fdsledky<\/h3>\n<p>\nAko u\u017e bolo povedan\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161ie, vysok\u00fd v\u00fdkon sign\u00e1lu s\u00e1m o sebe nezvy\u0161uje kvalitu Wi-Fi spojenia, ale m\u00f4\u017ee nar\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 nadviazanie dobr\u00e9ho spojenia.<\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00fa situ\u00e1cie, ke\u010f je potrebn\u00e9 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdkon na stabiln\u00fd pr\u00edjem a prenos Wi-Fi r\u00e1diov\u00fdch sign\u00e1lov.<\/p>\n<p>Tieto po\u017eiadavky s\u00fa teda protire\u010div\u00e9.<\/p>\n<h3>U\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 funkcie od Zyxel, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165<\/h3>\n<p>\nJe zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee treba vyu\u017ei\u0165 zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 funkcie, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00f4\u017eu vyrie\u0161i\u0165 t\u00fato protire\u010div\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n<p><i><b>D\u00d4LE\u017dIT\u00c9<\/b>! O mnoh\u00fdch nuans\u00e1ch pri budovan\u00ed bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fdch siet\u00ed, ako aj o mo\u017enostiach a praktickom vyu\u017eit\u00ed zariaden\u00ed sa m\u00f4\u017eete dozvedie\u0165 na \u0161pecializovan\u00fdch kurzoch Zyxel \u2014 ZCNE. Zisti\u0165 o najbli\u017e\u0161\u00edch kurzoch m\u00f4\u017eete <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zyxel.com\/ru\/ru\/form\/training_012018.shtml\">tu<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/i><\/p>\n<h4>Client Steering<\/h4>\n<p>\nAko u\u017e bolo spomenut\u00e9, op\u00edsan\u00e9 probl\u00e9my sa najm\u00e4 dot\u00fdkaj\u00fa p\u00e1sma 2.4 GHz.<br \/>\n\u0160\u0165astlivci, ktor\u00ed vlastn\u00ed modern\u00e9 zariadenia, m\u00f4\u017eu vyu\u017ei\u0165 frekven\u010dn\u00e9 p\u00e1smo 5 GHz.<\/p>\n<p><b>V\u00fdhody:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>viac kan\u00e1lov, tak\u017ee je \u013eah\u0161ie vybra\u0165 tie, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa ma\u0165 minim\u00e1lny vz\u00e1jomn\u00fd vplyv; <\/li>\n<li> in\u00e9 zariadenia, ako Bluetooth, toto p\u00e1smo nevyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa; <\/li>\n<li> podpora kan\u00e1lov s \u0161\u00edrkou 20\/40\/80 MHz. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Nev\u00fdhody:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>R\u00e1diov\u00fd sign\u00e1l v tomto p\u00e1sme hor\u0161ie prech\u00e1dza cez prek\u00e1\u017eky. Preto je \u017eelate\u013en\u00e9 ma\u0165 nie jednu \u201esuper-prekon\u00e1vaj\u00facu\u201c pr\u00edstupov\u00fa bod, ale dve a\u017e tri pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 body s skromnej\u0161\u00edmi silami sign\u00e1lu v r\u00f4znych miestnostiach. Na druhej strane to prinesie rovnomernej\u0161ie pokrytie ne\u017e chytanie sign\u00e1lu z jedn\u00e9ho, ale \u201esuper-siln\u00e9ho\u201c bodu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAv\u0161ak v praxi sa, ako v\u017edy, objavuj\u00fa nuansy. Napr\u00edklad niektor\u00e9 zariadenia, opera\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a softv\u00e9r st\u00e1le predvolene pon\u00fakaj\u00fa na pripojenie \u201estar\u00e9 dobr\u00e9\u201c p\u00e1smo 2.4 GHz. Toto sa rob\u00ed na zn\u00ed\u017eenie probl\u00e9mov s kompatibilitou a zjednodu\u0161enie algoritmu pripojenia k sieti. Ak sa pripojenie uskuto\u010dn\u00ed automaticky alebo pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e si to nestihne v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165 \u2014 mo\u017enos\u0165 vyu\u017ei\u0165 p\u00e1smo 5 GHz zostane na ved\u013eaj\u0161ej ko\u013eaji.<\/p>\n<p>Zmeni\u0165 t\u00fato situ\u00e1ciu pom\u00f4\u017ee funkcia Client Steering, ktor\u00e1 predvolene pon\u00faka klientsk\u00fdm zariadeniam okam\u017eite sa pripoji\u0165 na 5 GHz. Ak toto p\u00e1smo klient nepodporuje, st\u00e1le sa m\u00f4\u017ee pripoji\u0165 na 2.4 GHz.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1to funkcia je dostupn\u00e1:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>v pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch bodoch Nebula a NebulaFlex;<\/li>\n<li> v riadiacich jednotk\u00e1ch bezdr\u00f4tovej siete NXC2500 a NXC5500;<\/li>\n<li> v firewally s funkciou riadi\u010da. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Auto Healing<\/h4>\n<p>\nVy\u0161\u0161ie bolo uveden\u00fdch mno\u017estvo argumentov na podporu flexibiln\u00e9ho riadenia v\u00fdkonu. Ale ost\u00e1va rozumn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka: ako to dosiahnu\u0165?<\/p>\n<p>Na to maj\u00fa kontrol\u00e9ry bezdr\u00f4tovej siete Zyxel \u0161peci\u00e1lnu funkciu: Auto Healing.<br \/>\nKontrol\u00e9r pomocou nej kontroluje stav a funk\u010dnos\u0165 pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch bodov. Ak sa zist\u00ed, \u017ee jeden z nich nefunguje, susedn\u00e9 body dostan\u00fa pokyn zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdkon sign\u00e1lu, aby vyplnili vzniknut\u00fa tich\u00fa z\u00f3nu. Po tom, \u010do sa ch\u00fdbaj\u00faci pr\u00edstupov\u00fd bod op\u00e4\u0165 uvedie do prev\u00e1dzky, susedn\u00e9 body dostan\u00fa pokyn zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 v\u00fdkon sign\u00e1lu, aby navz\u00e1jom neru\u0161ili svoj chod.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1to funkcia je taktie\u017e pr\u00edtomn\u00e1 v \u0161peci\u00e1lnych modeloch kontrol\u00e9rov bezdr\u00f4tovej siete: NXC2500 a NXC5500.<\/p>\n<h4>Chr\u00e1nen\u00e1 bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e1 hranica siete<\/h4>\n<p>\nSusedn\u00e9 pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 body z paralelnej siete nielen\u017ee vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa ru\u0161enie, ale m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 aj vyu\u017eit\u00e9 ako z\u00e1klad\u0148a pre \u00fatok na sie\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Kontrol\u00e9r bezdr\u00f4tovej siete by sa s t\u00fdm mal vysporiada\u0165. V arzen\u00e1le kontrol\u00e9rov NXC2500 a NXC5500 je dostatok prostriedkov, ako je \u0161tandardn\u00e1 autentifik\u00e1cia WPA\/WPA2-Enterprise, r\u00f4zne implement\u00e1cie roz\u0161\u00edrite\u013en\u00e9ho autentifika\u010dn\u00e9ho protokolu (EAP) a integrovan\u00fd firewall. <\/p>\n<p>Takto kontrol\u00e9r nielen n\u00e1jde neopr\u00e1vnen\u00e9 pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 body, ale aj blokuje podozriv\u00e9 aktivity v firemnej sieti, ktor\u00e9 s ve\u013ekou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou nes\u00fa zl\u00fd \u00famysel.<\/p>\n<h4>Funkcia Detekcia Rogue AP (Rogue AP Containment)<\/h4>\n<p>\nNa za\u010diatok si objasn\u00edme, \u010do to je Rogue AP.<\/p>\n<p>Rogue AP s\u00fa cudz\u00ed pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 body, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa pod kontrolou spr\u00e1vcu siete. Napriek tomu s\u00fa pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 v dosahu Wi-Fi siete podniku. Napr\u00edklad to m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 osobn\u00e9 pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 body zamestnancov, zapnut\u00e9 bez povolenia v sie\u0165ov\u00fdch z\u00e1suvk\u00e1ch pracovnej kancel\u00e1rie. Tak\u00e9to konanie m\u00e1 negat\u00edvny dopad na bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 siete. <\/p>\n<p>V skuto\u010dnosti tak\u00e9 zariadenia vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa kan\u00e1l pre extern\u00e9 pripojenie do siete podniku obch\u00e1dzaj\u00face hlavn\u00fd ochrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m.<\/p>\n<p>Napr\u00edklad, cudzia pr\u00edstupov\u00e1 pena (RG) sa form\u00e1lne nenach\u00e1dza v sieti podniku, ale na nej je vytvoren\u00e1 bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e1 sie\u0165 so rovnak\u00fdm n\u00e1zvom SSID, ako na leg\u00e1lnych pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch bodoch. V d\u00f4sledku toho sa bod RG m\u00f4\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na zachyt\u00e1vanie hesiel a in\u00fdch tajn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, ke\u010f sa klienti podnikovej siete omylom pok\u00fasia pripoji\u0165 k nej a sna\u017eia sa odovzda\u0165 svoje autentifika\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fadaje. V d\u00f4sledku toho sa autentifika\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fadaje pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov dostan\u00fa do r\u00fak majite\u013ea \u201ephishingovej\u201c pr\u00edstupovej b\u00e1zou.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch bodov spolo\u010dnosti Zyxel m\u00e1 zabudovan\u00fa funkciu skenovania r\u00e1diov\u00fdch frekvenci\u00ed na identifik\u00e1ciu cudz\u00edch bodov. <\/p>\n<p><i><b>D\u00d4LE\u017dIT\u00c9<\/b>! Detekcia cudz\u00edch bodov (AP Detection) bude fungova\u0165 iba vtedy, ak je aspo\u0148 jeden z tak\u00fdchto \u201estr\u00e1\u017enych\u201c pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch bodov nastaven\u00fd na monitorovac\u00ed re\u017eim siete.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Akon\u00e1hle pr\u00edstupov\u00fd bod Zyxel, pracuj\u00faci v monitorovacom re\u017eime, detekuje cudz\u00ed body, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vykonan\u00e1 proced\u00fara blokovania.<\/p>\n<p>Predpokladajme, \u017ee Rogue AP napodob\u0148uje leg\u00e1lny pr\u00edstupov\u00fd bod. Ako bolo spomenut\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161ie, \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk m\u00f4\u017ee duplikova\u0165 na falo\u0161nom bode podnikov\u00e9 nastavenia SSID. V takom pr\u00edpade sa pr\u00edstupov\u00fd bod Zyxel pok\u00fasi zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 nebezpe\u010dnej aktivite ru\u0161en\u00edm prostredn\u00edctvom rozosielania falo\u0161n\u00fdch paketov. To povedie k neschopnosti pripoji\u0165 klientov k Rogue AP a zachyti\u0165 ich autentifika\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fadaje. A \u201e\u0161pehovsk\u00fd\u201c pr\u00edstupov\u00fd bod nebude schopn\u00fd splni\u0165 svoju misiu.<\/p>\n<p>Ako vid\u00edme, vz\u00e1jomn\u00fd vplyv pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch bodov nielen\u017ee vytv\u00e1ra nepr\u00edjemn\u00e9 ru\u0161enie pri ich vz\u00e1jomnom fungovan\u00ed, ale m\u00f4\u017ee sa tie\u017e pou\u017ei\u0165 na ochranu pred \u00fatokmi \u00fato\u010dn\u00edkov.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1ver<\/h3>\n<p>\nMateri\u00e1l v r\u00e1mci mal\u00e9ho \u010dl\u00e1nku neumo\u017e\u0148uje rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 o v\u0161etk\u00fdch nuans\u00e1ch. Ale aj pri r\u00fdchlom preh\u013eade je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee n\u00e1vrh a \u00fadr\u017eba bezdr\u00f4tovej siete maj\u00fa dos\u0165 zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 nuansy. Na jednej strane je potrebn\u00e9 bojova\u0165 s vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdm vplyvom zdrojov sign\u00e1lu, vr\u00e1tane zni\u017eovania v\u00fdkonu pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch bodov. Na druhej strane je potrebn\u00e9 udr\u017eiava\u0165 \u00farove\u0148 sign\u00e1lu na dostato\u010dne vysokej \u00farovni pre stabiln\u00e9 spojenie. <\/p>\n<p>T\u00fato protire\u010denie je mo\u017en\u00e9 ob\u00eds\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00edm \u0161peci\u00e1lnych funkci\u00ed kontrol\u00e9rov bezdr\u00f4tovej siete.<\/p>\n<p>Je potrebn\u00e9 poznamena\u0165, \u017ee spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Zyxel pracuje na zlep\u0161ovan\u00ed technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00fa dosiahnu\u0165 kvalitn\u00e9 pripojenie bez vysok\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov.<\/p>\n<h3>Zdroje<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><noindex>V\u0161eobecn\u00e9 odpor\u00fa\u010dania pre budovanie bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fdch siet\u00ed<\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex>\u010co ovplyv\u0148uje pr\u00e1cu bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fdch siet\u00ed Wi-Fi? Ak\u00e9 faktory m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobova\u0165 ru\u0161enie a ak\u00e9 s\u00fa ich mo\u017en\u00e9 pr\u00ed\u010diny?<\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex>Nastavenie funkcie detekcie Rogue AP v pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch bodoch s\u00e9rie NWA3000-N<\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zyxel.com\/ru\/ru\/form\/training_012018.shtml\">Inform\u00e1cie o kurzoch ZCNE<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/zyxel\/blog\/451768\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043b, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0430\u043b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a: \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c). \u0427\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0448 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445. \u0410 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0451\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":25311,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33620","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uluchshaem-rabotu-wi-fi-obshhie-printsipy-i-poleznye-shtuki\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u0423\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 Wi-Fi. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0448\u0442\u0443\u043a\u0438 | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/uluchshaem-rabotu-wi-fi-obshhie-printsipy-i-poleznye-shtuki\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:53:46+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T18:53:46+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Zlep\u0161ujeme pr\u00e1cu Wi-Fi. 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