{"id":33661,"date":"2019-10-31T21:54:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-ponyat-kogda-proksi-lgut-verifikatsiya-fizicheskih-lokatsij-setevyh-proksi-s-pomoshhyu-algoritma-aktivnoj-geolokatsii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:54:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:01","slug":"kak-ponyat-kogda-proksi-lgut-verifikatsiya-fizicheskih-lokatsij-setevyh-proksi-s-pomoshhyu-algoritma-aktivnoj-geolokatsii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ponyat-kogda-proksi-lgut-verifikatsiya-fizicheskih-lokatsij-setevyh-proksi-s-pomoshhyu-algoritma-aktivnoj-geolokatsii","title":{"rendered":"Ako rozpozna\u0165, kedy proxy klam\u00fa: verifik\u00e1cia fyzick\u00fdch lokal\u00edt sie\u0165ov\u00fdch proxy pomocou algoritmu akt\u00edvnej geolok\u00e1cie","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Ako<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\u013dudia po celom svete pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa komer\u010dn\u00e9 proxy, aby skryli svoju skuto\u010dn\u00fa polohu alebo identitu. Toto m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 z r\u00f4znych d\u00f4vodov, vr\u00e1tane pr\u00edstupu k blokovan\u00fdm inform\u00e1ci\u00e1m alebo na zabezpe\u010denie s\u00fakromia. <\/p>\n

Ale ako presn\u00ed s\u00fa poskytovatelia tak\u00fdchto proxy, ke\u010f tvrdia, \u017ee ich servery sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v ur\u010ditej krajine? Je to z\u00e1sadn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, od ktorej z\u00e1vis\u00ed, \u010di m\u00f4\u017eu ur\u010dit\u00e9 slu\u017eby vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 klienti, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa znepokojen\u00ed ochranou osobn\u00fdch \u00fadajov.<\/p>\n

Skupina americk\u00fdch vedcov z univerz\u00edt Massachusetts, Carnegie Mellon a Stony Brook zverejnila v\u00fdskum<\/a><\/noindex>, po\u010das ktorej overovali skuto\u010dn\u00fa polohu serverov siedmich popul\u00e1rnych proxy poskytovate\u013eov. Pripravili sme kr\u00e1tke zhrnutie hlavn\u00fdch v\u00fdsledkov.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n

\nPrev\u00e1dzkovatelia proxy zvy\u010dajne neposkytuj\u00fa \u017eiadne inform\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 by potvrdili presnos\u0165 ich tvrden\u00ed o polohe serverov. Datab\u00e1zy IP-to-lok\u00e1cia obvykle potvrdzuj\u00fa marketingov\u00e9 vyhl\u00e1senia tak\u00fdchto spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, av\u0161ak existuje ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo d\u00f4kazov o chyb\u00e1ch v t\u00fdchto datab\u00e1zach.<\/p>\n

V priebehu v\u00fdskumu americk\u00ed vedci hodnotili polohu 2269 proxy serverov, ktor\u00e9 spravuje sedem proxy spolo\u010dnost\u00ed a nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa sa v celkovom po\u010dte 222 kraj\u00edn a \u00fazem\u00ed. Anal\u00fdza uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee najmenej tretina v\u0161etk\u00fdch serverov sa nenach\u00e1dza v t\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch, o ktor\u00fdch tvrdia firmy vo svojich marketingov\u00fdch materi\u00e1loch. Namiesto toho sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v krajin\u00e1ch s lacn\u00fdm a spo\u013eahliv\u00fdm hostingom: v \u010cesku, Nemecku, Holandsku, Spojenom kr\u00e1\u013eovstve a USA.<\/p>\n

Anal\u00fdza polohy serverov<\/h2>\n

\nKomer\u010dn\u00ed poskytovatelia VPN a proxy m\u00f4\u017eu ovplyvni\u0165 presnos\u0165 datab\u00e1z IP-to-lok\u00e1cia \u2013 firmy maj\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 manipulova\u0165, napr\u00edklad s k\u00f3dmi lokaliz\u00e1cie v n\u00e1zvoch routerov. Nakoniec marketingov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly m\u00f4\u017eu uv\u00e1dza\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo dostupn\u00fdch lokal\u00edt pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, zatia\u013e \u010do v skuto\u010dnosti, aby sa u\u0161etrilo a zv\u00fd\u0161ila spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 prev\u00e1dzky, s\u00fa servery fyzicky umiestnen\u00e9 v malom po\u010dte kraj\u00edn, aj ke\u010f datab\u00e1zy IP-to-lok\u00e1cia tvrdia opak.<\/p>\n

Na overenie skuto\u010dnej polohy serverov v\u00fdskumn\u00edci pou\u017eili algoritmus akt\u00edvnej geolok\u00e1cie. S jeho pomocou sa hodnotil roundtrip paketu, ktor\u00fd bol odoslan\u00fd smerom k serveru a k \u010fal\u0161\u00edm zn\u00e1mym hostite\u013eom na internete. <\/p>\n

Pri tom odpovedalo na ping len menej ne\u017e 10 % testovan\u00fdch proxy, a spusti\u0165 ak\u00fdko\u013evek softv\u00e9r na meranie na samotnom serveri z pochopite\u013en\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov vedci nemohli. Mali iba mo\u017enos\u0165 odosiela\u0165 pakety cez proxy, tak\u017ee roundtrip do ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek miesta v priestore je s\u00fa\u010det \u010dasu, potrebn\u00e9ho na to, aby paket pre\u0161iel od testovacieho hostite\u013ea k proxy a od proxy k adres\u00e1tovi.<\/p>\n

\"Ako
\n
\nV priebehu v\u00fdskumu bol vyvinut\u00fd \u0161pecializovan\u00fd softv\u00e9r zalo\u017een\u00fd na \u0161tyroch algoritmoch akt\u00edvnej geolok\u00e1cie: CBG, Octant, Spotter a hybridn\u00fd Octant\/Spotter. K\u00f3d rie\u0161enia je dostupn\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex> GitHub.<\/p>\n

Preto\u017ee sa nedalo spolieha\u0165 na IP-to-location datab\u00e1zy, vedci pri experimentoch pou\u017eili zoznam kotevn\u00fdch hostite\u013eov RIPE Atlas \u2013 inform\u00e1cie v tejto datab\u00e1ze s\u00fa dostupn\u00e9 online, neust\u00e1le sa aktualizuj\u00fa a zdokumentovan\u00e9 lok\u00e1cie s\u00fa presn\u00e9, navy\u0161e hostitelia zo zoznamu neust\u00e1le posielaj\u00fa navz\u00e1jom sign\u00e1ly pingu a aktualizuj\u00fa \u00fadaje o roundtrip v verejnej datab\u00e1ze.<\/p>\n

Rie\u0161enia vyvinut\u00e9 vedcami predstavuj\u00fa webov\u00fa aplik\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00e1 vytv\u00e1ra zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 (HTTPS) TCP spojenia cez nezabezpe\u010den\u00fd port HTTP 80. Ak server nepo\u010d\u00fava na tomto porte, po jednom po\u017eiadavku d\u00f4jde k zlyhaniu, ak v\u0161ak server po\u010d\u00fava na tomto porte, prehliada\u010d dostane SYN-ACK odpove\u010f s paketom TLS ClientHello. To sp\u00f4sob\u00ed chybu protokolu a prehliada\u010d zobraz\u00ed chybu, ale iba po druhom roundtrip. <\/p>\n

\"Ako
\n
\nTak\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom m\u00f4\u017ee webov\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia zmera\u0165 \u010das jedn\u00e9ho alebo dvoch roundtrip. Podobn\u00e1 slu\u017eba bola realizovan\u00e1 ako program sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165an\u00fd z pr\u00edkazov\u00e9ho riadku.<\/p>\n

\u017diaden z testovan\u00fdch poskytovate\u013eov neuvedie presn\u00fa polohu svojich proxy serverov. V lep\u0161om pr\u00edpade sa spom\u00ednaj\u00fa mest\u00e1, ale naj\u010dastej\u0161ie s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii len inform\u00e1cie o krajine. Aj ke\u010f sa mesto spom\u00edna, m\u00f4\u017eu vznikn\u00fa\u0165 nejasnosti \u2013 napr\u00edklad, v\u00fdskumn\u00edci \u0161tudovali konfigura\u010dn\u00fd s\u00fabor jedn\u00e9ho zo serverov s n\u00e1zvom usa.new-york-city.cfg, v ktorom boli pokyny na pripojenie k serveru s n\u00e1zvom chicago.vpn-provider.example. Tak\u017ee viac-menej presne sa d\u00e1 potvrdi\u0165 iba priradenie servera k konkr\u00e9tnej krajine.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky<\/h2>\n

\nNa z\u00e1klade testov pomocou algoritmu akt\u00edvnej geolok\u00e1cie sa v\u00fdskumn\u00edkom podarilo potvrdi\u0165 polohu 989 z 2269 IP adries. V pr\u00edpade 642 to nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 a 638 sa nach\u00e1dza ur\u010dite nie v tej krajine, kde by mali by\u0165 pod\u013ea zabezpe\u010den\u00ed proxy slu\u017eieb. Viac ako 400 z tak\u00fdch falo\u0161n\u00fdch adries sa v skuto\u010dnosti nach\u00e1dza na jednom kontinente so deklarovanou krajinou. <\/p>\n

\"Ako<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Spr\u00e1vne adresy sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v krajin\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 sa naj\u010dastej\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na umiestnenie serverov (po kliknut\u00ed sa obr\u00e1zok otvor\u00ed vo vn\u00fatri).<\/i><\/p>\n

Podozriv\u00e9 hostite\u013ea boli zisten\u00e9 u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho zo siedmich testovan\u00fdch poskytovate\u013eov. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci po\u017eiadali spolo\u010dnosti o koment\u00e1r, ale v\u0161etky odmietli komunik\u00e1ciu.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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