{"id":33662,"date":"2019-10-31T21:54:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/krupnye-avarii-v-data-tsentrah-prichiny-i-sledstviya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:54:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:01","slug":"krupnye-avarii-v-data-tsentrah-prichiny-i-sledstviya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/krupnye-avarii-v-data-tsentrah-prichiny-i-sledstviya","title":{"rendered":"Ve\u013ek\u00e9 hav\u00e1rie v d\u00e1tov\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch: pr\u00ed\u010diny a n\u00e1sledky","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 d\u00e1tov\u00e9 centr\u00e1 s\u00fa spo\u013eahliv\u00e9, av\u0161ak ka\u017ed\u00e9 zariadenie sa ob\u010das pokaz\u00ed. V tejto kr\u00e1tkej pozn\u00e1mke sme zhroma\u017edili najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie incidenty z roku 2018.<\/em><\/p>\n

\n\"Ve\u013ek\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Vplyv digit\u00e1lnych technol\u00f3gi\u00ed na ekonomiku rastie, zvy\u0161uj\u00fa sa objemy spracovan\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, stavaj\u00fa sa nov\u00e9 objekty, a to je dobr\u00e9, pokia\u013e v\u0161etko funguje. Bohu\u017eia\u013e, vplyv por\u00fach v d\u00e1tov\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch na ekonomiku sa taktie\u017e zvy\u0161uje, odkedy \u013eudia za\u010dali umiest\u0148ova\u0165 do nich kritick\u00fa IT infra\u0161trukt\u00faru pre podnikanie \u2013 to je nevyhnutn\u00fd n\u00e1sledok digitaliz\u00e1cie. Publikujeme kr\u00e1tky v\u00fdber najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch hav\u00e1ri\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 sa v minulom roku stali v r\u00f4znych krajin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

USA<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

T\u00e1to krajina je uzn\u00e1van\u00fdm l\u00eddrom v oblasti budovania d\u00e1tov\u00fdch centier. V USA je najviac ve\u013ek\u00fdch komer\u010dn\u00fdch a firemn\u00fdch d\u00e1tov\u00fdch centier<\/a>, obsluhuj\u00facich glob\u00e1lne slu\u017eby, preto s\u00fa n\u00e1sledky incidentov v nich najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie. Na za\u010diatku marca sa kv\u00f4li siln\u00e9mu cykl\u00f3nu \u0161tyri objekty oper\u00e1tora Equinix stretli so poruchami v elektrickej s\u00fastave. Priestranstv\u00e1 sa pou\u017e\u00edvali pre vybavenie Amazon Web Services (AWS), hav\u00e1ria sp\u00f4sobila nedostupnos\u0165 mnoh\u00fdch popul\u00e1rnych slu\u017eieb: postihli ich GitHub, MongoDB, NewVoiceMedia, Slack, Zillow, Atlassian, Twilio a Capital One, ako aj virtu\u00e1lny asistent Amazon Alexa. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

V septembri anomalie po\u010dasia zasiahli d\u00e1tov\u00e9 centr\u00e1 Microsoft nach\u00e1dzaj\u00face sa v Texase, kedy kv\u00f4li b\u00farke do\u0161lo k naru\u0161eniu prev\u00e1dzky elektrickej s\u00fastavy cel\u00e9ho regi\u00f3nu, a v d\u00e1tovom centre, ktor\u00e9 pre\u0161lo na nap\u00e1janie z dieselagreg\u00e1tu, z nezn\u00e1meho d\u00f4vodu vypadlo chladenie. Na odstr\u00e1nenie n\u00e1sledkov hav\u00e1rie bolo potrebn\u00fdch nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed, a aj ke\u010f v\u010faka vyv\u00e1\u017eeniu za\u0165a\u017eenia sa tento probl\u00e9m nestal kritick\u00fdm, niektor\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvatelia po celom svete si v\u0161imli ur\u010dit\u00e9 spomalenie pr\u00e1ci cloudov\u00fdch slu\u017eieb Microsoft.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Rusko<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Najz\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161ia hav\u00e1ria sa stala 20. augusta v jednom z d\u00e1tov\u00fdch centier Rostelecomu. Kv\u00f4li tomu servery Jednotn\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00e1tneho registra nehnute\u013enost\u00ed stali na 66 hod\u00edn, a preto museli by\u0165 presunut\u00e9 na z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00fa platformu. Spracovanie prich\u00e1dzaj\u00facich \u017eiadost\u00ed z v\u0161etk\u00fdch kan\u00e1lov Rospotrebnadzor dok\u00e1zal obnovi\u0165 len 3. septembra \u2013 \u0161t\u00e1tna organiz\u00e1cia sa sna\u017e\u00ed vym\u00e1ha\u0165 od Rostelecomu ve\u013ek\u00fa sumu za poru\u0161enie zmluvy o \u00farovni slu\u017eieb. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

16. febru\u00e1ra sa na z\u00e1klade probl\u00e9mov v sie\u0165ach Lenenergo aktivoval syst\u00e9m n\u00fadzov\u00e9ho elektrick\u00e9ho z\u00e1sobovania v d\u00e1tovom centre spolo\u010dnosti Xelnet (Petrohrad). Kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 preru\u0161enie s\u00ednusoidy viedlo k poruch\u00e1m v prev\u00e1dzke mnoh\u00fdch slu\u017eieb: v szczeg\u00f3lne trpel ve\u013ek\u00fd cloudov\u00fd poskytovate\u013e 1cloud, ale najv\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mom pre rusk\u00fa internetov\u00fa komunitu sa stala nemo\u017enos\u0165 prihl\u00e1si\u0165 sa na webov\u00fa str\u00e1nku soci\u00e1lnej siete \u201eVKontakte\u201c. Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee na \u00fapln\u00e9 odstr\u00e1nenie n\u00e1sledkov kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9ho v\u00fdpadku elektrick\u00e9ho pr\u00edvodu potrebovali pribli\u017ene 12 hod\u00edn.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Eur\u00f3pska \u00fania<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

V E\u00da bolo v roku 2018 zaznamenan\u00fdch nieko\u013eko z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch incidentov. V marci do\u0161lo k poruche v d\u00e1tovom centre leteck\u00e9ho prepravcu KLM: dod\u00e1vka elektriny sa na 10 min\u00fat preru\u0161ila a v\u00fdkon dieselgener\u00e1torov bol nedostato\u010dn\u00fd na prev\u00e1dzku zariaden\u00ed. \u010cas\u0165 serverov<\/a> zariaden\u00ed sa odpojila a leteck\u00fdm spolo\u010dnostiam sa muselo zru\u0161i\u0165 alebo presun\u00fa\u0165 nieko\u013eko desiatok letov. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

To nie je jedin\u00fd incident s\u00favisiaci s leteckou prepravou \u2013 u\u017e v apr\u00edli do\u0161lo k poruche v syst\u00e9me z\u00e1sobovania elektrinou d\u00e1tov\u00e9ho centra Eurocontrol. Organiz\u00e1cia riadi pohyb lietadiel v Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanii a k\u00fdm odborn\u00edci 5 hod\u00edn odstra\u0148ovali n\u00e1sledky hav\u00e1rie, pasa\u017eieri museli znova zn\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 me\u0161kania a zmeny letov. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ve\u013emi v\u00e1\u017ene probl\u00e9my vznikaj\u00fa v d\u00f4sledku hav\u00e1ri\u00ed v d\u00e1tov\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 sl\u00fa\u017eia finan\u010dn\u00e9mu sektoru. N\u00e1klady na v\u00fdpadky transakci\u00ed s\u00fa tu zvy\u010dajne vysok\u00e9 a \u00farove\u0148 spo\u013eahlivosti objektov zodpoved\u00e1 tomu, ale incidenty to nezabr\u00e1nia. 18. apr\u00edla burza Nordic NASDAQ (Helsinki, F\u00ednsko) nemohla vied\u0165 obchodovanie v celej Severnej Eur\u00f3pe po cel\u00fd de\u0148 z d\u00f4vodu neautorizovan\u00e9ho spustenia plynov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu hasenia po\u017eiaru v komer\u010dnom d\u00e1tovom centre DigiPlex, ktor\u00e9 bolo havarijne odpojen\u00e9. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

7. j\u00fana sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 probl\u00e9my v pr\u00e1ci d\u00e1tov\u00e9ho centra prin\u00fatili Lond\u00fdnsku burzu cenn\u00fdch papierov (London Stock Exchange, LSE) na hodinu odlo\u017ei\u0165 za\u010diatok obchodovania. Okrem toho, v j\u00fani v Eur\u00f3pe v d\u00f4sledku poruchy v d\u00e1tovom centre sa na cel\u00fd de\u0148 odpojili slu\u017eby medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho platobn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu VISA, pri\u010dom detaily incidentu neboli nikdy zverejnen\u00e9.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Japonsko<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

V lete 2018 na podzemn\u00fdch poschodiach budovan\u00e9ho d\u00e1tov\u00e9ho centra Amazon v predmest\u00ed Tokia vypukol po\u017eiar, pri ktorom zahynulo 5 pracovn\u00edkov a najmenej 50 bolo zranen\u00fdch. Ohe\u0148 po\u0161kodil pribli\u017ene 5000 m\u00b2 priestorov budovy. Vy\u0161etrovanie uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee pr\u00ed\u010dinou po\u017eiaru bol \u013eudsk\u00fd faktor: neopatrn\u00e9 zaobch\u00e1dzanie s acetyl\u00e9nov\u00fdmi hor\u00e1kmi sp\u00f4sobilo vzplanutie izol\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Pr\u00ed\u010diny v\u00fdpadkov<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

Zoznam incidentov nie je z\u010faleka kompletn\u00fd; kv\u00f4li hav\u00e1ri\u00e1m v d\u00e1tov\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch trpia klienti b\u00e1nk a telekomunika\u010dn\u00fdch oper\u00e1torov, off-line id\u00fa slu\u017eby cloudov\u00fdch poskytovate\u013eov a dokonca doch\u00e1dza k naru\u0161eniu pr\u00e1ce z\u00e1chrann\u00fdch slu\u017eieb. Mal\u00fd v\u00fdpadok slu\u017eieb m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k v\u00e1\u017enym strat\u00e1m, pri\u010dom pod\u013ea \u00fadajov Uptime Institute s\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina v\u00fdpadkov (39 %) spojen\u00e9 s nap\u00e1jac\u00edm syst\u00e9mom. Na druhom mieste (24 %) je \u013eudsk\u00fd faktor a na tre\u0165om (15 %) \u2013 klimatiza\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Vplyv pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch javov predstavuje len 12 % hav\u00e1ri\u00ed v DC a len 10 % z nich sa st\u00e1va z d\u00f4vodov, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa uveden\u00e9. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Napriek pr\u00edsnym norm\u00e1m spo\u013eahlivosti a bezpe\u010dnosti nie je \u017eiadny objekt chr\u00e1nen\u00fd pred incidentmi. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina z nich sa vyskytuje kv\u00f4li poruch\u00e1m nap\u00e1jania alebo chyb\u00e1m person\u00e1lu. Tieto dva faktory by mali vlastn\u00edci d\u00e1tov\u00fdch centier a serverovn\u00ed venova\u0165 osobitn\u00fa pozornos\u0165, a z\u00e1kazn\u00edci by mali ch\u00e1pa\u0165, \u017ee ani l\u00eddri na trhu nem\u00f4\u017eu zaru\u010di\u0165 absol\u00fatnu spo\u013eahlivos\u0165. Ak zariadenie alebo cloudov\u00e1 slu\u017eba spravuje procesy kritick\u00e9 pre podnikanie, mali by ste uva\u017eova\u0165 o z\u00e1lo\u017enej lokalite.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Zdroj fotografie: telecombloger.ru<\/em><\/p>\n

Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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