{"id":33718,"date":"2019-10-31T21:54:20","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/optimizatsiya-raboty-pochtovyh-hranilishh-v-zimbra-collaboration-suite\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:54:20","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:54:20","slug":"optimizatsiya-raboty-pochtovyh-hranilishh-v-zimbra-collaboration-suite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/optimizatsiya-raboty-pochtovyh-hranilishh-v-zimbra-collaboration-suite","title":{"rendered":"Optimaliz\u00e1cia fungovania e-mailov\u00fdch \u00falo\u017e\u00edsk v Zimbra Collaboration Suite","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V jednom z na\u0161ich predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich \u010dl\u00e1nkov<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00fd sa zaoberal pl\u00e1novan\u00edm infra\u0161trukt\u00fary pri implement\u00e1cii Zimbra Collaboration Suite vo firm\u00e1ch, bolo uveden\u00e9, \u017ee hlavn\u00fdm obmedzen\u00edm pri pr\u00e1ci s t\u00fdmto rie\u0161en\u00edm je r\u00fdchlos\u0165 vstupu a v\u00fdstupu diskov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed v e-mailov\u00fdch \u00falo\u017ei\u0161tiach. A skuto\u010dne, ke\u010f nieko\u013eko stoviek zamestnancov s\u00fa\u010dasne pristupuje k jedn\u00e9mu a tomu ist\u00e9mu e-mailov\u00e9mu \u00falo\u017eisku, \u0161\u00edrka p\u00e1sma pre z\u00e1pis a \u010d\u00edtanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed z pevn\u00fdch diskov nemus\u00ed sta\u010di\u0165 na to, aby slu\u017eba bola responz\u00edvna. A hoci pre mal\u00e9 in\u0161tal\u00e1cie Zimbra to nemus\u00ed by\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fd probl\u00e9m, v pr\u00edpade ve\u013ek\u00fdch podnikov a SaaS poskytovate\u013eov to m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k nereagovaniu e-mailu a, v d\u00f4sledku toho, k zn\u00ed\u017eeniu efekt\u00edvnosti zamestnancov a poru\u0161eniu SLA. Preto je pri n\u00e1vrhu a prev\u00e1dzke rozsiahlych in\u0161tal\u00e1ci\u00ed Zimbra nevyhnutn\u00e9 venova\u0165 osobitn\u00fa pozornos\u0165 ot\u00e1zkam optimaliz\u00e1cie fungovania pevn\u00fdch diskov v e-mailovom \u00falo\u017eisku. Pozrime sa na dva pr\u00edpady a pok\u00fasme sa zisti\u0165, ak\u00e9 met\u00f3dy optimaliz\u00e1cie z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee diskov\u00fdch \u00falo\u017e\u00edsk m\u00f4\u017eeme v ka\u017edom z nich aplikova\u0165.<\/p>\n

\"Optimaliz\u00e1cia<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

1. Optimaliz\u00e1cia pri n\u00e1vrhu rozsiahlej in\u0161tal\u00e1cie Zimbra<\/b><\/p>\n

V etape n\u00e1vrhu vysoko za\u0165a\u017een\u00e9ho nasadenia Zimbra je na administr\u00e1torovi, aby sa rozhodol, ak\u00fd syst\u00e9m ukladania \u00fadajov pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165. Aby sa mohol rozhodn\u00fa\u0165, je potrebn\u00e9 vedie\u0165, \u017ee hlavn\u00fa z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e na pevn\u00e9 disky vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa datab\u00e1zy MariaDB, vyh\u013ead\u00e1vac\u00ed syst\u00e9m Apache Lucene a \u00falo\u017eisko objektov BLOB, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou Zimbra Collaboration Suite. Preto je pre chod t\u00fdchto softv\u00e9rov\u00fdch produktov v podmienkach vysok\u00fdch z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e\u00ed potrebn\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 r\u00fdchly a spo\u013eahliv\u00fd hardv\u00e9r. <\/p>\n

Za norm\u00e1lnych podmienok je mo\u017en\u00e9 Zimbra nain\u0161talova\u0165 bu\u010f na RAID z pevn\u00fdch diskov, alebo na \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1 prepojen\u00e9 protokolom NFS. Pre ve\u013emi mal\u00e9 in\u0161tal\u00e1cie je mo\u017en\u00e9 nain\u0161talova\u0165 Zimbra na oby\u010dajn\u00fd SATA disk. Av\u0161ak podmienky ve\u013ek\u00fdch in\u0161tal\u00e1ci\u00ed ukazuj\u00fa na r\u00f4zne nedostatky t\u00fdchto technol\u00f3gi\u00ed v podobe zn\u00ed\u017eenej r\u00fdchlosti z\u00e1pisu alebo n\u00edzkej spo\u013eahlivosti, \u010do nie je akceptovate\u013en\u00e9 ani pre ve\u013ek\u00e9 podniky, ani, samozrejme, pre poskytovate\u013eov SaaS.<\/p>\n

Preto v podmienkach rozsiahlych infra\u0161trukt\u00far Zimbra je najlep\u0161ie pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 SAN. Ten v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti dok\u00e1\u017ee zabezpe\u010di\u0165 najvy\u0161\u0161iu priepustnos\u0165 pre \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 zariadenia a z\u00e1rove\u0148, v\u010faka mo\u017enosti pripojenia ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva cache, jeho vyu\u017eitie prakticky nepredstavuje \u017eiadne podstatn\u00e9 riziko pre podnik. Dobrou vo\u013ebou je pou\u017eitie NVRAM, ktor\u00e1 sa nach\u00e1dza v mnoh\u00fdch SAN, na ur\u00fdchlenie z\u00e1pisu. Naopak, cacheovanie zapisovan\u00fdch d\u00e1t na samotn\u00fdch diskoch je lep\u0161ie vypn\u00fa\u0165, ke\u010f\u017ee m\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k nezvratn\u00e9mu po\u0161kodeniu m\u00e9di\u00ed a strate d\u00e1t v pr\u00edpade probl\u00e9mov s nap\u00e1jan\u00edm.<\/p>\n

Pokia\u013e ide o v\u00fdber s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, optim\u00e1lnou vo\u013ebou bude pou\u017eitie \u0161tandardn\u00e9ho pre Linux Ext3\/Ext4. Hlavn\u00fd fakt spojen\u00fd so s\u00faborov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee je potrebn\u00e9 ho pripoji\u0165 s parametrom -noatime<\/b>. Tento parameter vypne funkciu zaznamen\u00e1vania \u010dasu posledn\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu k s\u00faborom, \u010do znamen\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eenie z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee pri \u010d\u00edtan\u00ed a z\u00e1pise. V z\u00e1sade by sa pri vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu ext3 alebo ext4 pre Zimbra mali pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 nasleduj\u00face parametre n\u00e1stroja mke2fs<\/b>:<\/p>\n

-j<\/b> \u2014 Pre vytvorenie \u017eurn\u00e1lu s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu Create the file system with an ext3\/ext4 journal.
\n-L N\u00c1ZOV<\/b> \u2014 Pre vytvorenie n\u00e1zvu zv\u00e4zku, aby sa n\u00e1sledne mohol pou\u017ei\u0165 v \/etc\/fstab
\n-O dir_index<\/b> \u2014 Pre pou\u017eitie hashovan\u00e9ho stromu vyh\u013ead\u00e1vania na zr\u00fdchlenie vyh\u013ead\u00e1vania s\u00faborov vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch adres\u00e1roch
\n-m 2<\/b> \u2014 Pre rezervovanie 2% objemu vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch s\u00faborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch pod kore\u0148ov\u00fd adres\u00e1r
\n-J size=400<\/b> \u2014 Pre vytvorenie ve\u013ek\u00e9ho \u017eurn\u00e1lu
\n-b 4096<\/b> \u2014 Pre ur\u010denie ve\u013ekosti bloku v bajtoch
\n-i 10240<\/b> \u2014 Pre \u00falo\u017eisko spr\u00e1v by mal tento parameter zodpoveda\u0165 priemern\u00e9mu ve\u013ekosti spr\u00e1v. Treba venova\u0165 pozornos\u0165 tomuto parametru, preto\u017ee jeho hodnotu nesk\u00f4r nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 zmeni\u0165.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nOkrem toho sa odpor\u00fa\u010da zapn\u00fa\u0165 dirsync<\/b> pre \u00falo\u017eisko BLOB-objektov, \u00falo\u017eisko meta-d\u00e1t vyh\u013ead\u00e1vania Lucene a \u00falo\u017eisko fronty MTA. Je dobr\u00e9 to robi\u0165, preto\u017ee Zimbra zvy\u010dajne pou\u017e\u00edva n\u00e1stroj fsync<\/b> na zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 zapisovanie blobu s \u00fadajmi na disk. Ke\u010f v\u0161ak po\u0161tov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisko Zimbra alebo MTA vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa nov\u00e9 s\u00fabory po\u010das doru\u010dovania spr\u00e1v, vznik\u00e1 potreba zap\u00edsa\u0165 na disk zmeny, ktor\u00e9 sa uskuto\u010dnili v pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch prie\u010dinkoch. Preto aj ke\u010f sa s\u00fabor u\u017e zap\u00edsal na disk pomocou fsync<\/b>, m\u00f4\u017ee sa t\u00e1to inform\u00e1cia o jeho prid\u00e1n\u00ed do adres\u00e1rov nestihn\u00fa\u0165 zap\u00edsa\u0165 na disk a v d\u00f4sledku toho m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 straten\u00e1 z d\u00f4vodu n\u00e1hleho zlyhania servera. V\u010faka pou\u017eitiu dirsync<\/b> t\u00fdchto probl\u00e9mov sa d\u00e1 vyhn\u00fa\u0165.<\/p>\n

2. Optimaliz\u00e1cia pri funguj\u00facej infra\u0161trukt\u00fare Zimbra<\/b><\/p>\n

\u010casto sa st\u00e1va, \u017ee po nieko\u013ek\u00fdch rokoch pou\u017e\u00edvania Zimbra sa po\u010det jej pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov v\u00fdrazne zvy\u0161uje a prev\u00e1dzka slu\u017eby sa ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 st\u00e1va \u010doraz menej a menej pohotovou. Rie\u0161en\u00edm tejto situ\u00e1cie je zrejm\u00e9: jednoducho prida\u0165 nov\u00e9 servery do infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, aby slu\u017eba op\u00e4\u0165 fungovala rovnako r\u00fdchlo ako predt\u00fdm. Medzit\u00fdm nie v\u017edy existuje mo\u017enos\u0165 okam\u017eite prida\u0165 nov\u00e9 servery do infra\u0161trukt\u00fary s cie\u013eom zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 jej efektivitu. \u010casto musia IT mana\u017e\u00e9ri dlhodobo schva\u013eova\u0165 n\u00e1kup nov\u00fdch serverov<\/a> s \u00fa\u010dtovn\u00edctvom alebo oddelen\u00edm bezpe\u010dnosti, navy\u0161e, \u010dasto dod\u00e1vatelia sklam\u00fa, ktor\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu doru\u010di\u0165 nov\u00fd server s oneskoren\u00edm alebo dokonca doda\u0165 nie to, \u010do je potrebn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Samozrejme, najlep\u0161ie je budova\u0165 svoju infra\u0161trukt\u00faru Zimbra s rezervou, aby ste v\u017edy mali n\u00e1hradn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti na jej roz\u0161\u00edrenie a nez\u00e1viseli od nikoho, av\u0161ak ak u\u017e do\u0161lo k chybe, jedinou mo\u017enos\u0165ou pre IT mana\u017e\u00e9ra je \u010do najviac zmierni\u0165 jej n\u00e1sledky. Tak\u017ee, m\u00f4\u017ee dosiahnu\u0165 mierny n\u00e1rast v\u00fdkonu t\u00fdm, \u017ee do\u010dasne vypne syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby Linuxu, ktor\u00e9 pri prev\u00e1dzke pravidelne pristupuj\u00fa k pevn\u00fdm diskov a t\u00fdm m\u00f4\u017eu negat\u00edvne ovplyvni\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 prev\u00e1dzky Zimbra. M\u00f4\u017ee sa teda na \u010das vypn\u00fa\u0165:<\/p>\n

autofs, netfs<\/b> \u2014 Slu\u017eby zis\u0165ovania vzdialen\u00fdch s\u00faborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov
\ncups<\/b> \u2014 Tla\u010dov\u00e1 slu\u017eba
\nxinetd, vsftpd<\/b> \u2014 Zabudovan\u00e9 slu\u017eby *NIX, ktor\u00e9 pravdepodobne nebudete potrebova\u0165
\nportmap, rpcsvcgssd, rpcgssd, rpcidmapd<\/b> \u2014 Slu\u017eby vzdialen\u00e9ho volania proced\u00far, ktor\u00e9 sa zvy\u010dajne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v spojen\u00ed so sie\u0165ov\u00fdmi s\u00faborov\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami
\ndovecot, cyrus-imapd, sendmail, exim, postfix, ldap<\/b> \u2014 Duplicity hlavn\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou Zimbra Collaboration Suite
\nslocate\/updatedb<\/b> \u2014 Ke\u010f\u017ee Zimbra uchov\u00e1va ka\u017ed\u00fa spr\u00e1vu v samostatnom s\u00fabore, ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie slu\u017eby updatedb m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 probl\u00e9my, a preto je lep\u0161ie to robi\u0165 ru\u010dne po\u010das minim\u00e1lnej z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee serverov.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\u00daspora syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch zdrojov z vypnutia t\u00fdchto slu\u017eieb nebude ve\u013emi v\u00fdznamn\u00e1, ale aj to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ve\u013emi u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 v podmienkach bl\u00edzkych k mimoriadnym udalostiam. Po pridan\u00ed nov\u00e9ho servera do infra\u0161trukt\u00fary Zimbra sa odpor\u00fa\u010da znovu zapn\u00fa\u0165 predt\u00fdm vypnut\u00e9 slu\u017eby.<\/p>\n

Taktie\u017e je mo\u017en\u00e9 optimalizova\u0165 pr\u00e1cu Zimbra presunut\u00edm slu\u017eby syslog na samostatn\u00fd server, aby po\u010das prev\u00e1dzky neza\u0165a\u017eoval pevn\u00e9 disky po\u0161tov\u00fdch \u00falo\u017e\u00edsk. Na tieto \u00fa\u010dely vyhovuje prakticky ak\u00fdko\u013evek po\u010d\u00edta\u010d, vr\u00e1tane lacn\u00e9ho jednodeskov\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da Raspberry Pi.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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