{"id":34382,"date":"2019-10-31T21:58:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-pervaya-obzornaya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:58:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:58:01","slug":"sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-pervaya-obzornaya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sistemy-monitoringa-trafika-v-setyah-voip-chast-pervaya-obzornaya","title":{"rendered":"Syst\u00e9my monitorovania d\u00e1tov\u00e9ho toku v sie\u0165ach VoIP. \u010cas\u0165 prv\u00e1 \u2014 preh\u013eadn\u00e1","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

V tomto materi\u00e1li sa pok\u00fasime presk\u00fama\u0165 tak\u00fd zauj\u00edmav\u00fd a u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd prvok IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, ak\u00fdm je syst\u00e9m monitorovania VoIP prev\u00e1dzky.<\/p>\n

\"Syst\u00e9my<\/a><\/noindex>
\nRozvoj modern\u00fdch telekomunika\u010dn\u00fdch siet\u00ed ohromuje: od sign\u00e1lnych oh\u0148ov sa posunuli ve\u013emi \u010faleko a to, \u010do sa kedysi zdalo nemyslite\u013en\u00e9, je teraz be\u017en\u00e9 a ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148. A len profesion\u00e1li vedia, \u010do sa skr\u00fdva za ka\u017edodennos\u0165ou a \u0161irok\u00fdm vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm \u00faspechov v oblasti informa\u010dn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed. Rozmanitos\u0165 prenosov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00ed, sp\u00f4sobov prep\u00ednania, protokolov interakcie zariaden\u00ed a k\u00f3dovac\u00edch algoritmov \u0161okuje predstavy be\u017en\u00e9ho \u010dloveka a m\u00f4\u017ee sa sta\u0165 skuto\u010dn\u00fdm no\u010dn\u00fdm morom pre ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, kto je spojen\u00fd s ich riadnym a stabiln\u00fdm fungovan\u00edm: prech\u00e1dzanie t\u00f3nov\u00fdch sign\u00e1lov alebo hlasovej prev\u00e1dzky, nemo\u017enos\u0165 registr\u00e1cie na softswitch, testovanie nov\u00e9ho hardv\u00e9ru, zostavenie \u017eiadosti na podporu dod\u00e1vate\u013ea.<\/p>\n

Uveden\u00fd pojem protokolu je z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm kame\u0148om ka\u017edej komunika\u010dnej siete, od ktor\u00e9ho z\u00e1vis\u00ed jej architekt\u00fara, zlo\u017eenie a zlo\u017eitosti jej zariaden\u00ed, zoznam poskytovan\u00fdch slu\u017eieb a mnoho in\u00e9ho. Pri tom je zrejm\u00e9, ale ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pravidlo, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edvanie flexibilnej\u0161ieho protokolu signaliz\u00e1cie zlep\u0161uje \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enos\u0165 komunika\u010dnej siete, \u010do vedie k dos\u0165 r\u00fdchlemu zv\u00fd\u0161eniu po\u010dtu r\u00f4znych sie\u0165ov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed v nej. <\/p>\n

Pri tom i nutn\u00e9 a od\u00f4vodnen\u00e9 zvy\u0161ovanie po\u010dtu vz\u00e1jomne prepojen\u00fdch sie\u0165ov\u00fdch prvkov v r\u00e1mci uveden\u00e9ho pravidla prin\u00e1\u0161a radu obtia\u017e\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s \u00fadr\u017ebou siete a jej prev\u00e1dzkou. Mnoh\u00ed odborn\u00edci sa stretli so situ\u00e1ciou, ke\u010f z\u00edskan\u00fd dump nedok\u00e1\u017ee jednozna\u010dne lokalizova\u0165 vzniknut\u00fd probl\u00e9m, preto\u017ee bol z\u00edskan\u00fd na tej \u010dasti siete, ktor\u00e1 sa na jeho vzniku nepodie\u013ea. <\/p>\n

T\u00e1to situ\u00e1cia je obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 charakteristick\u00e1 pre VoIP siete, ktor\u00e9 zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa viac zariaden\u00ed ne\u017e len jeden PBX a nieko\u013eko IP telef\u00f3nov. Napr\u00edklad, ke\u010f sa v rie\u0161en\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa viacer\u00e9 okrajov\u00e9 kontrol\u00e9ry rel\u00e1ci\u00ed, flexibiln\u00e9 prep\u00edna\u010de alebo jeden softswitch, ale funkcia lokaliz\u00e1cie pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea je oddelen\u00e1 od ostatn\u00fdch a presunut\u00e1 na samostatn\u00e9 zariadenie. In\u017einier sa potom mus\u00ed rozhodn\u00fa\u0165 pre anal\u00fdzu nasleduj\u00facej \u010dasti, veden\u00fd svojim odborn\u00fdm sk\u00fasen\u00edm alebo n\u00e1hodou. <\/p>\n

Tak\u00fdto pr\u00edstup je extr\u00e9mne \u00fanavn\u00fd a neprodukt\u00edvny, preto\u017ee neust\u00e1le n\u00fati str\u00e1ca\u0165 \u010das bojuj\u00fac s rovnak\u00fdmi ot\u00e1zkami: \u010do sa d\u00e1 pou\u017ei\u0165 na zber pakiet, ako z\u00edska\u0165 v\u00fdsledok a tak \u010falej. Na jednej strane, ako je zn\u00e1me, \u010dlovek si na v\u0161etko zvykne. Na to sa d\u00e1 tie\u017e zvykn\u00fa\u0165, \u201enabi\u0165 ruku\u201c a tr\u00e9nova\u0165 trpezlivos\u0165. Av\u0161ak na druhej strane existuje e\u0161te jedna komplik\u00e1cia, s ktorou sa ned\u00e1 ignorova\u0165 \u2013 korel\u00e1cia trasovan\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch z r\u00f4znych \u010dast\u00ed. V\u0161etky predt\u00fdm uveden\u00e9, ako aj mnoh\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie \u00falohy anal\u00fdzy komunika\u010dn\u00fdch siet\u00ed s\u00fa predmetom \u010dinnosti mnoh\u00fdch odborn\u00edkov, ktor\u00fdm maj\u00fa pom\u00f4c\u0165 syst\u00e9my monitorovania dopravy.<\/p>\n

O syst\u00e9moch monitorovania dopravy komunika\u010dn\u00fdch siet\u00ed<\/h3>\n

\nA spolo\u010dne \u2013 rob\u00edme spolo\u010dn\u00fd projekt: ty po svojom, ja po svojom.
\nJ. Deto\u010dkin
\n<\/i>
\nModern\u00e9 siete na prenos medi\u00e1lneho prev\u00e1dzky sa projektuj\u00fa a buduj\u00fa implement\u00e1ciou r\u00f4znych koncepci\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch z\u00e1kladom je mno\u017estvo telekomunika\u010dn\u00fdch protokolov: CAS, SS7, INAP, H.323, SIP a \u010fal\u0161ie. Syst\u00e9m monitorovania dopravy (SMD) je n\u00e1stroj, ktor\u00fd sl\u00fa\u017ei na zachyt\u00e1vanie spr\u00e1v uveden\u00fdch vy\u0161\u0161ie (a nie iba) protokolov a disponuje sadou pohodln\u00fdch, intuit\u00edvnych a informat\u00edvnych rozhran\u00ed pre jeho anal\u00fdzu. Hlavn\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delom SMD je spr\u00edstupni\u0165 sign\u00e1lne trasovania a dumpy za ak\u00e9ko\u013evek \u010dasov\u00e9 obdobie odborn\u00edkom kedyko\u013evek (vr\u00e1tane v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase) bez pou\u017eitia \u0161pecializovan\u00fdch programov (napr\u00edklad Wireshark). Na druhej strane ka\u017ed\u00fd kvalifikovan\u00fd odborn\u00edk venuje ve\u013ek\u00fa pozornos\u0165 ot\u00e1zkam s\u00favisiacim, napr\u00edklad, s bezpe\u010dnos\u0165ou IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary. <\/p>\n

D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm aspektom, ktor\u00fd priamo s\u00favis\u00ed s touto ot\u00e1zkou, je schopnos\u0165 \u0161pecialistu \"udr\u017eiava\u0165 ruku na pulze\", \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 dosiahnut\u00e9 aj v\u010faka v\u010dasn\u00e9mu upozorneniu na ur\u010dit\u00e9 incidenty. Ke\u010f u\u017e hovor\u00edme o upozorneniach, odkazujeme na monitorovanie komunika\u010dnej siete. Vr\u00e1tiac sa k predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej defin\u00edcii, SGT umo\u017e\u0148uje kontrolova\u0165 spr\u00e1vy, odpovede a aktivity, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu nazna\u010dova\u0165 nezvy\u010dajn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie siete (napr\u00edklad odpovede 403 alebo 408 skupiny 4xx v SIP alebo prudk\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161enie po\u010dtu rel\u00e1ci\u00ed na trunku), pri\u010dom poskytuje pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fa infografiku, ktor\u00e1 jasne ilustruje prebiehaj\u00face udalosti. <\/p>\n

Je v\u0161ak d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 poznamena\u0165, \u017ee syst\u00e9m monitorovania VoIP dopravy nie je klasick\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom monitorovania por\u00fach, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 mapy siet\u00ed, monitorova\u0165 dostupnos\u0165 ich prvkov, vyu\u017eitie zdrojov, perif\u00e9rie a mnoho \u010fal\u0161ieho (napr\u00edklad ako Zabbix).<\/p>\n

Po obozn\u00e1men\u00ed sa s t\u00fdm, \u010do predstavuje syst\u00e9m monitorovania dopravy a \u00falohami, ktor\u00e9 rie\u0161i, prejdeme k ot\u00e1zke, ako ho efekt\u00edvne vyu\u017ei\u0165.<\/p>\n

Je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee samotn\u00fd SGT nie je schopn\u00fd zhroma\u017edi\u0165 Call Flow \"na povel \u010darodejnice\". Na to je potrebn\u00e9 zhroma\u017edi\u0165 pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd prenos zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed na jedno miesto \u2013 Capture Server. T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom je definovan\u00e1 charakteristick\u00e1 vlastnos\u0165 syst\u00e9mu, ktor\u00e1 spo\u010d\u00edva v potrebe zabezpe\u010di\u0165 centraliz\u00e1ciu miesta zberu sign\u00e1lneho prenosu a umo\u017e\u0148uje odpoveda\u0165 na vy\u0161\u0161ie polo\u017een\u00fa ot\u00e1zku: \u010do n\u00e1m d\u00e1va pou\u017eitie komplexu v prev\u00e1dzkovanej alebo implementovanej sieti.<\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee, zvy\u010dajne je zriedkav\u00e9, aby in\u017einier mohol, takpovediac, odhadom odpoveda\u0165 na ot\u00e1zku \u2013 na akom konkr\u00e9tnom mieste bude alebo m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 uveden\u00fd bod centraliz\u00e1cie prev\u00e1dzky. Na to, aby odborn\u00edci mohli poskytn\u00fa\u0165 viac-menej jednozna\u010dn\u00fa odpove\u010f, je potrebn\u00e9 vykona\u0165 s\u00e9riu prieskumov spojen\u00fdch s predmetnou anal\u00fdzou VoIP siete. Napr\u00edklad op\u00e4tovn\u00e9 spresnenie zlo\u017eenia zariadenia, podrobn\u00e9 ur\u010denie bodov jeho pripojenia, ako aj mo\u017enosti v kontexte odosielania pr\u00edslu\u0161nej prev\u00e1dzky do zbern\u00e9ho bodu. Okrem toho je jasn\u00e9, \u017ee \u00faspech rie\u0161enia tejto ot\u00e1zky priamo z\u00e1vis\u00ed od sp\u00f4sobu organiz\u00e1cie transportnej IP siete. <\/p>\n

Z toho vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee prv\u00e9, \u010do prin\u00e1\u0161a implement\u00e1cia SMT - je t\u00e1 ist\u00e1, kedysi pl\u00e1novan\u00e1, ale nikdy nevykonan\u00e1 rev\u00edzia siete. Samozrejme, uv\u00e1\u017eliv\u00fd \u010ditate\u013e okam\u017eite polo\u017e\u00ed ot\u00e1zku - a ak\u00fd m\u00e1 SMT pr\u00ednos? Priama s\u00favislos\u0165 tu nie je a ani nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165, ale \u2026 Psychol\u00f3gia v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny \u013eud\u00ed, vr\u00e1tane t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed s\u00fa spojen\u00ed so svetom IT, zvy\u010dajne m\u00e1 tendenciu sp\u00e1ja\u0165 tak\u00e9to podujatia s nejak\u00fdm konkr\u00e9tnym kult\u00farnym alebo historick\u00fdm momentom. \u010eal\u0161ia v\u00fdhoda vypl\u00fdva z predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej a spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee e\u0161te pred t\u00fdm, ako bude SMT implementovan\u00e1, bud\u00fa nain\u0161talovan\u00e9 a nastaven\u00e9 Capture Agents, zapnut\u00e9 odosielanie RTCP spr\u00e1v a je mo\u017en\u00e9 odhali\u0165 ak\u00e9ko\u013evek probl\u00e9my, ktor\u00e9 si vy\u017eaduj\u00fa okam\u017eit\u00fd z\u00e1sah. Napr\u00edklad niekde vznikol \u201e\u00fazky hrdlo\u201c a to je jasne vidite\u013en\u00e9 aj bez \u0161tatistiky, ktor\u00fa m\u00f4\u017ee SMT poskytova\u0165, vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fac \u00fadaje poskytnut\u00e9 napr\u00edklad RTCP.<\/p>\n

Teraz sa vr\u00e1\u0165me k predt\u00fdm pop\u00edsan\u00e9mu procesu zberu potrebn\u00fdch trasovac\u00edch \u00fadajov a pousmejme sa, ke\u010f si spomenieme na slov\u00e1 hrdinu, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 v epigrafe tejto \u010dasti. D\u00f4le\u017eitou vlastnos\u0165ou, ktor\u00e1 nebola uveden\u00e1, je to, \u017ee zvy\u010dajne m\u00f4\u017eu uveden\u00e9 manipul\u00e1cie vykon\u00e1va\u0165 iba dostato\u010dne kvalifikovan\u00ed zamestnanci, napr\u00edklad Core Engineers. Na druhej strane, do okruhu ot\u00e1zok, ktor\u00e9 sa rie\u0161ia pomocou trasovac\u00edch \u00fadajov, m\u00f4\u017eu patr\u00ed aj takzvan\u00e9 rutinn\u00e9 \u00falohy. Napr\u00edklad zistenie pr\u00ed\u010diny, pre\u010do termin\u00e1l nie je registrovan\u00fd u in\u0161tal\u00e1tora alebo klienta. Pri tom je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 z\u00edskavania dumpov od uveden\u00fdch odborn\u00edkov vy\u017eaduje vykon\u00e1vanie t\u00fdchto pracovn\u00fdch \u00faloh. Nie je to produkt\u00edvne, preto\u017ee to berie \u010das in\u00fdm, d\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm ot\u00e1zkam. <\/p>\n

V mnoh\u00fdch spolo\u010dnostiach, kde je \u017eiaduce pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 produkt ako SMT, existuje \u0161peci\u00e1lne oddelenie, ktor\u00e9ho \u00falohy zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa vykon\u00e1vanie rutinn\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed s cie\u013eom u\u013eah\u010di\u0165 pr\u00e1cu ostatn\u00fdm odborn\u00edkom \u2013 service desk, helpdesk alebo technickej podpore. Rovnako by som nemal \u010ditate\u013ea prekvapi\u0165, ak zd\u00f4razn\u00edm, \u017ee pr\u00edstup in\u017einierov technickej podpory k najkritickej\u0161\u00edm uzlom je z bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch a stabilitn\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov ne\u017eiaduci (aj ke\u010f je celkom mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee nie je zak\u00e1zan\u00fd), a to pr\u00e1ve tie sie\u0165ov\u00e9 prvky obsahuj\u00fa najv\u00fdhodnej\u0161\u00ed poh\u013ead z poh\u013eadu dumpov. SMT, ako centr\u00e1lny bod zberu trafiku s intuit\u00edvnym a prieh\u013eadn\u00fdm rozhran\u00edm, m\u00f4\u017ee \u00faspe\u0161ne vyrie\u0161i\u0165 nieko\u013eko uveden\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov. Jedinou podmienkou je organiz\u00e1cia pr\u00edstupu k rozhraniu z pracovn\u00fdch miest technickej podpory a mo\u017eno nap\u00edsanie \u010dl\u00e1nku do knowledge base o jeho pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1ver si pripome\u0148me zn\u00e1me a zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 produkty, ktor\u00e9 do ur\u010ditej miery vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fa funkcionalitu, medzi ktor\u00fdmi s\u00fa: Voipmonitor<\/a><\/noindex>, HOMER SIP Capture<\/a><\/noindex>, Oracle Communications Monitor<\/a><\/noindex>, SPIDER<\/a><\/noindex>. Napriek existuj\u00facemu spolo\u010dn\u00e9mu pr\u00edstupu k organiz\u00e1cii a nasadzovaniu m\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd svoje nuansy, subjekt\u00edvne pozit\u00edvne a negat\u00edvne str\u00e1nky a v\u0161etky si zasl\u00fa\u017eia samostatn\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017eenie. \u010co sa stane predmetom \u010fal\u0161\u00edch materi\u00e1lov. \u010eakujeme za va\u0161u pozornos\u0165!<\/p>\n

UPD (23.05.2019): k uveden\u00e9mu v z\u00e1vere zoznamu treba prida\u0165 e\u0161te jeden produkt, o ktorom autorovi bolo zn\u00e1me relat\u00edvne ned\u00e1vno. SIP3<\/a><\/noindex> \u2013 mlad\u00fd, rozv\u00edjaj\u00faci sa z\u00e1stupca zo sveta syst\u00e9mov monitorovania SIP-trafiku.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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