{"id":34586,"date":"2019-10-31T21:59:12","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:59:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-6-usiliteli-rf-signala\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:59:12","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:59:12","slug":"seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-6-usiliteli-rf-signala","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/seti-kabelnogo-televideniya-dlya-samyh-malenkih-chast-6-usiliteli-rf-signala","title":{"rendered":"K\u00e1blov\u00e9 telev\u00edzne siete pre najmen\u0161\u00edch. \u010cas\u0165 6: Zosil\u0148ova\u010de RF sign\u00e1lu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"K\u00e1blov\u00e9 telev\u00edzne siete pre najmen\u0161\u00edch. \u010cas\u0165 6: Zosil\u0148ova\u010de RF sign\u00e1lu\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/36bcd73dffd731737aa78687864b4475.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku sa pozrieme na zosil\u0148ova\u010de vysokofrekven\u010dn\u00fdch r\u00e1diov\u00fdch sign\u00e1lov k\u00e1blovej telev\u00edzie na koaxi\u00e1lnej \u010dasti magistr\u00e1ly.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<b class=\"spoiler_title\">Obsah s\u00e9rie \u010dl\u00e1nkov<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449322\/\">\u010cas\u0165 1: V\u0161eobecn\u00e1 architekt\u00fara siete KTV<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449902\/\">\u010cas\u0165 2: Zlo\u017eenie a tvar sign\u00e1lu<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450256\/\">\u010cas\u0165 3: Anal\u00f3gov\u00e1 zlo\u017eka sign\u00e1lu<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450258\/\">\u010cas\u0165 4: Digit\u00e1lna zlo\u017eka sign\u00e1lu<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450278\/\">\u010cas\u0165 5: Koaxi\u00e1lna distribu\u010dn\u00e1 sie\u0165<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li>\u010cas\u0165 6: RF zesil\u0148ova\u010de<\/li>\n<li>\u010cas\u0165 7: Optick\u00e9 prij\u00edma\u010de<\/li>\n<li>\u010cas\u0165 8: Optick\u00e1 magistr\u00e1lna sie\u0165<\/li>\n<li>\u010cas\u0165 9: Hlavn\u00e1 stanica<\/li>\n<li>\u010cas\u0165 10: H\u013eadanie a odstra\u0148ovanie por\u00fach v sieti KTV<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nV pr\u00edpade, ak je v dome (alebo dokonca v celom bloku) len jeden optick\u00fd prij\u00edma\u010d a cel\u00e1 rozv\u00e1dza\u010dka a\u017e po stojany je vykonan\u00e1 koaxi\u00e1lnym k\u00e1blom, je nutn\u00e9 na ich za\u010diatku zosilnenie sign\u00e1lu. V na\u0161ej sieti sa preva\u017ene pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa zariadenia firmy Teleste, preto sa budem bavi\u0165 na ich pr\u00edklade, ale princ\u00edpovo sa vybavenie in\u00fdch v\u00fdrobcov od seba ve\u013emi nel\u00ed\u0161i a sada funkci\u00ed na nastavenie je zvy\u010dajne podobn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>Minim\u00e1lny po\u010det nastaven\u00ed m\u00e1 model CXE180M:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"K\u00e1blov\u00e9 telev\u00edzne siete pre najmen\u0161\u00edch. \u010cas\u0165 6: Zosil\u0148ova\u010de RF sign\u00e1lu\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/7bb8b53563084681625326a0bff20e70.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAko si pravdepodobne pam\u00e4t\u00e1te z predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich \u010dast\u00ed, sign\u00e1l m\u00e1 dva d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 kvantitat\u00edvne parametre: \u00farove\u0148 a sklon. Pr\u00e1ve ich m\u00f4\u017eeme upravi\u0165 pomocou nastaven\u00ed zosil\u0148ova\u010da. Za\u010dneme po poriadku: hne\u010f za vstupn\u00fdm konektorom sa nach\u00e1dza <b>atenu\u00e1tor<\/b>. Umo\u017e\u0148uje zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 vstupn\u00fd sign\u00e1l a\u017e o 31 dB (po prepnut\u00ed modr\u00e9ho jumpra v s\u00falade so sch\u00e9mou sa rozsah ot\u00e1\u010dania men\u00ed z 0-15 na 16-31 dB). To je potrebn\u00e9 v pr\u00edpade, ak na zosil\u0148ova\u010d prich\u00e1dza sign\u00e1l nad 70 dB\u00b5V. Ide o to, \u017ee zosil\u0148ovac\u00ed stupe\u0148 zabezpe\u010duje zv\u00fd\u0161enie \u00farovne sign\u00e1lu o 40 dB, a na v\u00fdstupe mus\u00edme ma\u0165 maxim\u00e1lne 110 dB\u00b5V (pri vy\u0161\u0161ej \u00farovni rap\u00eddne kles\u00e1 pomer sign\u00e1l\/\u0161um a t\u00e1to cifra plat\u00ed pre v\u0161etky \u0161irokop\u00e1smov\u00e9 zosil\u0148ova\u010de a prij\u00edma\u010de s integrovan\u00fdm zosil\u0148ova\u010dom). T\u00fdm p\u00e1dom, ak na vstup zosil\u0148ova\u010da pr\u00edde napr\u00edklad 80 dB\u00b5V, tak na v\u00fdstupe dostaneme 120 dB\u00b5V \u0161umu a rozpad\u00e1vaj\u00facich sa \u010d\u00edsiel. Aby sa tomu predi\u0161lo, treba nastavi\u0165 vstupn\u00fd atenu\u00e1tor na poz\u00edciu potla\u010denia 10 dB.<\/p>\n<p>Za atenu\u00e1torom vid\u00edme <b>ekvaliz\u00e9r<\/b>. Je potrebn\u00fd na odstr\u00e1nenie sp\u00e4tn\u00e9ho sklonu, ak nejak\u00fd existuje. Dosahuje sa to zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm \u00farovne sign\u00e1lu v oblasti n\u00edzkych frekvenci\u00ed a\u017e o 20 dB. Je potrebn\u00e9 si v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee neodstr\u00e1nime sp\u00e4tn\u00fd sklon zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm \u00farovne horn\u00fdch frekvenci\u00ed, len potla\u010den\u00edm ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Tieto dva n\u00e1stroje s\u00fa \u010dasto dostato\u010dn\u00e9 na to, aby napravili drobn\u00e9 odch\u00fdlky sign\u00e1lu od normy. Ak to nie je tak, m\u00f4\u017eeme vyu\u017ei\u0165 nasleduj\u00face:<\/p>\n<p><b>Simul\u00e1tor k\u00e1bla<\/b>, vyhotoven\u00fd vo forme vlo\u017eky, ktor\u00fa je mo\u017en\u00e9 umiestni\u0165 horizont\u00e1lne alebo vertik\u00e1lne, ako nazna\u010duje n\u00e1zov, simuluje pripojenie dlh\u00e9ho \u00faseku k\u00e1bla, na ktorom by malo d\u00f4js\u0165 k \u00fatlmu preva\u017ene vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch frekvenci\u00ed rozsahu. To umo\u017e\u0148uje zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 priamy sklon pod\u013ea potreby, potla\u010den\u00edm 8dB v oblasti vysok\u00fdch frekvenci\u00ed. To sa m\u00f4\u017ee hodi\u0165 pri in\u0161tal\u00e1cii zosil\u0148ova\u010dov kask\u00e1dov na kr\u00e1tke vzdialenosti, napr\u00edklad.<\/p>\n<p>Po t\u00fdchto manipul\u00e1ci\u00e1ch sign\u00e1l prech\u00e1dza prv\u00fdm stup\u0148om zosil\u0148ovacieho kask\u00e1du, po ktorom vid\u00edme \u010fal\u0161iu vlo\u017eku, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje dodato\u010dne zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 koeficient zosilnenia. Nasleduj\u00faci jumper op\u00e4\u0165 pom\u00f4\u017ee potla\u010di\u0165 n\u00edzke frekvencie na dosiahnutie po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho sklonu. Tieto dva nastavenia s\u00fa vlastne ekvivalentom vstupn\u00e9ho attenu\u00e1tora a ekvaliz\u00e9ra, ale funguj\u00facich v druhom stupni kask\u00e1du.<\/p>\n<p>Na v\u00fdstupe zosil\u0148ovacieho kask\u00e1du vid\u00edme <b>testov\u00fd odvod<\/b>. Ide o \u0161tandardn\u00fd z\u00e1vitov\u00fd konektor, ku ktor\u00e9mu je mo\u017en\u00e9 pripoji\u0165 merac\u00ed pr\u00edstroj alebo telev\u00edzny prij\u00edma\u010d na kontrolu kvality v\u00fdstupn\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu. Nie v\u0161etky pr\u00edstroje a prakticky \u017eiadne telev\u00edzory nie s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vne spracova\u0165 sign\u00e1l s \u00farov\u0148ou sto a viac dBmkV, preto testov\u00e9 odvody na akomko\u013evek zariaden\u00ed sa v\u017edy robia s \u00fatlmom 20-30dB od skuto\u010dnej hodnoty na v\u00fdstupe. To treba v\u017edy ma\u0165 na pam\u00e4ti pri vykon\u00e1van\u00ed meran\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pred v\u00fdstupom je nain\u0161talovan\u00e1 \u010fal\u0161ia vlo\u017eka. Na fotografii zosil\u0148ova\u010da je vidno, \u017ee \u0161\u00edpka, ktor\u00e1 je na nej zn\u00e1zornen\u00e1, ukazuje iba na prav\u00fd v\u00fdvod. A to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v \u013eavom nebude \u017eiadny sign\u00e1l. Tak\u00e9to vlo\u017eky s\u00fa v t\u00fdchto zosil\u0148ova\u010doch 'z krabice', a vo vn\u00fatri samotnej krabice v dod\u00e1vke le\u017e\u00ed in\u00e1:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"K\u00e1blov\u00e9 telev\u00edzne siete pre najmen\u0161\u00edch. \u010cas\u0165 6: Zosil\u0148ova\u010de RF sign\u00e1lu\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/4981c7492e6304d7d1bbbdbc1cdc0720.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nUmo\u017e\u0148uje aktivova\u0165 druh\u00fd v\u00fdvod, ale nevyhnutne vn\u00e1\u0161a \u00fatlm sign\u00e1lu na hodnotu 4dB.<\/p>\n<p>Zosil\u0148ova\u010d modelu CXE180RF m\u00e1 na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead dvakr\u00e1t viac nastaven\u00ed:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"K\u00e1blov\u00e9 telev\u00edzne siete pre najmen\u0161\u00edch. \u010cas\u0165 6: Zosil\u0148ova\u010de RF sign\u00e1lu\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/31464579dfc395537a4f38fde05b7efd.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV skuto\u010dnosti to nie je tak\u00e9 hrozn\u00e9: okrem mal\u00fdch odli\u0161nost\u00ed je tu v\u0161etko rovnak\u00e9, ako bolo v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom zobrazen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Po prv\u00e9, na vstupe sa objavil testov\u00fd odvod. Je potrebn\u00fd na kontrolu sign\u00e1lu bez odpojenia k\u00e1bla od vstupu zosil\u0148ova\u010da a t\u00fdm p\u00e1dom aj bez preru\u0161enia vysielania.<\/p>\n<p>Po druh\u00e9, nov\u00e9 duplexn\u00e9 filtre, ako aj atenu\u00e1tor a ekvaliz\u00e9r v\u00fdstupu s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 na nastavenie kan\u00e1lov prechodu DOCSIS, preto v tejto \u010dl\u00e1nku poviem len to\u013eko, \u017ee filtre odstr\u00e1nia frekvencie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa na nich uveden\u00e9, a to m\u00f4\u017ee predstavova\u0165 probl\u00e9m, ak na t\u00fdchto frekvenci\u00e1ch vysielaj\u00fa telev\u00edzne kan\u00e1ly. Na\u0161\u0165astie, v\u00fdrobca ich vyr\u00e1ba s r\u00f4znymi hodnotami a ich v\u00fdmena v pr\u00edpade potreby nie je probl\u00e9m.<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"K\u00e1blov\u00e9 telev\u00edzne siete pre najmen\u0161\u00edch. \u010cas\u0165 6: Zosil\u0148ova\u010de RF sign\u00e1lu\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/0a1001ad14d9c4ddb09fe80b8cb2548f.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nRegul\u00e1tory (ako aj jumper, ktor\u00fd sp\u00f4sobuje \u00fatlm 10 dB) ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa v\u00fdlu\u010dne sp\u00e4tn\u00fd kan\u00e1l a nijako nie s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 zmeni\u0165 telev\u00edzny sign\u00e1l.<\/p>\n<p>Zvy\u0161n\u00e9 tri jumpre n\u00e1s zozn\u00e1mia s technol\u00f3giou, ako je <b>\u010falek\u00e9 nap\u00e1janie<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>Pri projektovan\u00ed domov sa \u010dasto zosil\u0148ova\u010de umiest\u0148uj\u00fa na miestach, kde m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 probl\u00e9my s priveden\u00edm elektriny z rozvodn\u00fdch skr\u00ed\u0148. Okrem toho ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u201ez\u00e1str\u010dka-z\u00e1suvka\u201c, ktor\u00e1 predpoklad\u00e1 aj automatick\u00fd isti\u010d (ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 umiestnen\u00fd na najneo\u010dak\u00e1vanej\u0161om mieste), predstavuje potenci\u00e1lny bod zlyhania. V tomto oh\u013eade existuje mo\u017enos\u0165 nap\u00e1ja\u0165 zariadenia priamo cez koaxi\u00e1lny k\u00e1bel. A\u017e ako je vidie\u0165 z ozna\u010denia na kryte nap\u00e1jacieho bloku, m\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o striedav\u00fd alebo jednosmern\u00fd pr\u00fad s pomerne \u0161irok\u00fdm rozsahom nap\u00e4t\u00ed. Tak\u017ee: tieto tri jumpre zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa mo\u017enos\u0165 pr\u00fadenia nap\u00e1jacieho pr\u00fadu na vstup, ako aj na ka\u017ed\u00fd z dvoch v\u00fdstupov osobitne, ak potrebujeme nap\u00e1ji\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00ed zosil\u0148ova\u010d v re\u0165azci. Pri zap\u00ednan\u00ed vertik\u00e1lu s u\u017e\u00edvate\u013emi sa nap\u00e4tie na v\u00fdstup samozrejme nesmie pod\u00e1va\u0165!<\/p>\n<p>U\u017e som spom\u00ednal v <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450278\/\">predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej<\/a><\/noindex> \u010dasti, \u017ee v takejto s\u00fastave sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa \u0161peci\u00e1lne rozvetvova\u010de:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"K\u00e1blov\u00e9 telev\u00edzne siete pre najmen\u0161\u00edch. \u010cas\u0165 6: Zosil\u0148ova\u010de RF sign\u00e1lu\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/55ec9e0e4779d8e9f7a0e055e469ffda.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"K\u00e1blov\u00e9 telev\u00edzne siete pre najmen\u0161\u00edch. \u010cas\u0165 6: Zosil\u0148ova\u010de RF sign\u00e1lu\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/ff4ea47c231ed19a57b6033992cb4029.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa sa v nich v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie a spo\u013eahlivej\u0161ie prvky a mas\u00edvny kryt zabezpe\u010duje odvod tepla a ochranu.<\/p>\n<p>Zdrojom nap\u00e1jania v takom pr\u00edpade je blok s integrovan\u00fdm mas\u00edvnym transform\u00e1torom:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"K\u00e1blov\u00e9 telev\u00edzne siete pre najmen\u0161\u00edch. \u010cas\u0165 6: Zosil\u0148ova\u010de RF sign\u00e1lu\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/7df95edc73042c88fc3b7efbeb11159a.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nJe potrebn\u00e9 poveda\u0165, \u017ee aj ke\u010f sa sch\u00e9ma dia\u013ekov\u00e9ho nap\u00e1jania zd\u00e1 by\u0165 optim\u00e1lna, zosil\u0148ova\u010de pracuj\u00face t\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom sa zriedka stret\u00e1vaj\u00fa s n\u00e1sledkami v\u00fdpadkov nap\u00e1jania v dom\u00e1cnostiach, a pri ich v\u00fdmene technick\u00e9mu person\u00e1lu mus\u00ed navy\u0161e h\u013eada\u0165 a vyp\u00edna\u0165 nap\u00e1janie samotn\u00e9ho bloku, aby nemusel pracova\u0165 s k\u00e1blami pod nap\u00e4t\u00edm a t\u00fdm p\u00e1dom na dobu v\u00fdmeny jedn\u00e9ho zosil\u0148ova\u010da bez sign\u00e1lu zost\u00e1va cel\u00fd dom. Z rovnak\u00e9ho d\u00f4vodu je na tak\u00fdchto zosil\u0148ova\u010doch potrebn\u00fd testovac\u00ed odber na vstupe: inak by bolo potrebn\u00e9 pracova\u0165 s k\u00e1blom pod pr\u00fadom.<\/p>\n<p>Bolo by zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 zisti\u0165 od kolegov, ako s\u00fa roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 syst\u00e9my s dia\u013ekov\u00fdm nap\u00e1jan\u00edm, pros\u00edm nap\u00ed\u0161te do koment\u00e1rov, ak ich pou\u017e\u00edvate.<\/p>\n<p>Ak je potrebn\u00e9 pripoji\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo telev\u00edzorov v r\u00e1mci bytu alebo kancel\u00e1rie, m\u00f4\u017eete sa stretn\u00fa\u0165 s nedostatkom \u00farovne po re\u0165azci deliacej zariadenia. V takom pr\u00edpade je potrebn\u00e9 nain\u0161talova\u0165 zosil\u0148ova\u010d na \u00fazem\u00ed predplatite\u013ea, na \u010do sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa mal\u00e9 zariadenia s minim\u00e1lnym po\u010dtom nastaven\u00ed a ni\u017e\u0161ou \u00farov\u0148ou zosilnenia. <br \/>\nNapr\u00edklad tak\u00fdto:<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"K\u00e1blov\u00e9 telev\u00edzne siete pre najmen\u0161\u00edch. \u010cas\u0165 6: Zosil\u0148ova\u010de RF sign\u00e1lu\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/a0cca80a889e1a54602fefdceaf09126.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/450452\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c 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