{"id":34612,"date":"2019-10-31T21:59:22","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:59:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blokchejn-chto-nam-stoit-kejs-postroit\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:59:22","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:59:22","slug":"blokchejn-chto-nam-stoit-kejs-postroit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/blokchejn-chto-nam-stoit-kejs-postroit","title":{"rendered":"Blockchain: \u010do n\u00e1m stoj\u00ed za to vytvori\u0165 pr\u00edpad?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><i>Cel\u00e1 hist\u00f3ria \u013eudstva je snahou zni\u010di\u0165 star\u00fd poriadok a vybudova\u0165 nov\u00fd, samozrejme lep\u0161\u00ed. (Nezn\u00e1my autor)<\/i><\/p>\n<p>V predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom \u010dl\u00e1nku <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/443282\/\">\u201e\u010co n\u00e1s stoj\u00ed vybudova\u0165 blockchain?\u201c<\/a><\/noindex> Zvl\u00e1dli sme technol\u00f3gie, na ktor\u00fdch funguj\u00fa v\u0161etky blockhainy. Pri\u0161iel \u010das pochopi\u0165, ak\u00e9 \u00falohy dok\u00e1\u017eu s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 blockchainy vyrie\u0161i\u0165. Na za\u010diatok sa pozrime na anal\u00fdzu aktu\u00e1lneho stavu blockchainu a perspekt\u00edvy do bud\u00facnosti. Ako technick\u00e9mu odborn\u00edkovi mi vyhovuje spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Gartner so svojimi r\u00f4znymi cyklami zrelosti technol\u00f3gi\u00ed (Hype Cycles). Na grafe je zobrazen\u00fd cyklus zrelosti blockchainu v biznise na konci roka 2018. Ak\u00e9 z\u00e1very m\u00f4\u017eeme urobi\u0165?<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Blockchain: \u010do n\u00e1m stoj\u00ed za to vytvori\u0165 pr\u00edpad?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/04333a58930b95f2e99fee0da1769e75.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Anal\u00fdza od Gartner<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Z grafu je vidie\u0165, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 priemysly sa sna\u017eia aplikova\u0165 blockchain na rie\u0161enie svojich v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch \u00faloh, a ka\u017ed\u00fd rok vznikaj\u00fa nov\u00e9 priemysly, ktor\u00e9 za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa sk\u00fama\u0165 blockchain.<\/li>\n<li>Spolu s t\u00fdm, zatia\u013e \u017eiaden priemysel nedosiahol ani plat\u00f3 produktivity, ani dokonca sklon osvietenia. <\/li>\n<li>Samozrejme, nie v\u0161etky odvetvia, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa teraz na ceste k vrcholu o\u010dak\u00e1van\u00ed, sa dostan\u00fa na plat\u00f3 produktivity, ale s\u00fadiac pod\u013ea masov\u00e9ho pohybu, do 5-10 rokov budeme svedkami v\u0161adepr\u00edtomn\u00e9ho vyu\u017e\u00edvania niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov. <\/li>\n<li>A kde s\u00fa Bitcoin, mining a vlastne kryptomena, p\u00fdtate sa? Tieto technol\u00f3gie prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa zna\u010dn\u00fd zisk? Boli na grafoch predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich rokov, ale tento rok u\u017e opustili plat\u00f3 produktivity na svoje obvykl\u00e9 10 rokov.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNasleduj\u00faci graf ukazuje zrelos\u0165 technol\u00f3gi\u00ed blockchainu: <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Blockchain: \u010do n\u00e1m stoj\u00ed za to vytvori\u0165 pr\u00edpad?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/2259bd38955f4b7c631fa7e20645405c.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u010co mo\u017eno poveda\u0165 o tomto grafe?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed blockchainu sa tie\u017e nach\u00e1dza na vlne diskusie. Ale nie preto, \u017ee s\u00fa to nov\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie, ale preto, \u017ee priemysly sk\u00famaj\u00fa ich aplikovate\u013enos\u0165 na svoju \u0161trukt\u00faru \u00fadajov, objem a r\u00fdchlos\u0165 ich spracovania, h\u013eadaj\u00fa sp\u00f4soby, ako pomocou technol\u00f3gi\u00ed blockchain zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 efektivitu a zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 n\u00e1klady. <\/li>\n<li>Z\u00e1ujem o mining kryptomien, klasick\u00fd blockchain a celkovo o technol\u00f3giu distribuovan\u00fdch registerov za\u010d\u00edna klesa\u0165. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPozrime sa, na ktor\u00e9 pr\u00edpady sa sna\u017eia aplikova\u0165 blockchain v priemysle. Gartner na konci roka 2018 vykonal v\u00fdskum a predstavil jeho v\u00fdsledky v podobe matice, kde s\u00fa pr\u00edpady uveden\u00e9 horizont\u00e1lne a priemysly vertik\u00e1lne, pri\u010dom kruhy na priese\u010dn\u00edkoch ukazuj\u00fa, ak\u00e9 s\u00fa konkr\u00e9tne pr\u00edpady po\u017eadovan\u00e9 v ur\u010dit\u00fdch odvetviach:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Blockchain: \u010do n\u00e1m stoj\u00ed za to vytvori\u0165 pr\u00edpad?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/76c139d7039f3a05e8006a1f9921e2c8.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAk\u00e9 z\u00e1very m\u00f4\u017eeme z tejto tabu\u013eky vyvodi\u0165?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina projektov vyu\u017e\u00edva blockchain na zapisovanie, zdie\u013eanie a spolo\u010dn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvanie \u00fadajov (Shared Record Keeping a Internal Record Keeping).<\/li>\n<li>Podstatn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 projektov pou\u017e\u00edva blockchain na sledovanie pohybu hodnoty alebo zmien vlastn\u00edkov (Asset Tracking).<\/li>\n<li>Identifik\u00e1cia (Identity Management) je postupne potrebn\u00e1 takmer vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch priemysloch.<\/li>\n<li>V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti nie je tokeniz\u00e1cia (Digital Tokens) ve\u013emi po\u017eadovan\u00e1 a, \u010do je prekvapiv\u00e9, rovnak\u00e9 sa d\u00e1 poveda\u0165 aj o smart kontraktoch (Smart Contracts).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Zhrnut\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma blockchainu<\/h2>\n<p>\nKe\u010f sa vykres\u013euje blockchain pre konkr\u00e9tny priemysel, v\u0161etky sch\u00e9my s\u00fa v z\u00e1sade rovnak\u00e9: existuje blockchainov\u00e1 sie\u0165, do ktorej \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci zapisuj\u00fa a \u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa inform\u00e1cie pomocou Dapp (decentralizovan\u00e1 aplik\u00e1cia). V\u0161etky rozdiely s\u00fa v detailoch, napr\u00edklad inform\u00e1cie do blockchainu m\u00f4\u017eu zapisova\u0165 nielen \u013eudia, ale aj zariadenia platformy IoT (Internet of Things). Pozrime sa na zhrnut\u00fa sch\u00e9mu na pr\u00edklade IoT, preto\u017ee ide o jednu z najdiskutovanej\u0161\u00edch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed blockchainu. \u010ealej vybav\u00edme IoT zariadenia SIM kartou na prenos \u00fadajov, pri\u010dom vyu\u017eijeme mobiln\u00fa sie\u0165 oper\u00e1tora, alebo lep\u0161ie eSIM, aby sme mohli vyu\u017ei\u0165 ak\u00e9ko\u013evek mobiln\u00e9 siete. Mobiln\u00e1 sie\u0165 bude samozrejme 5G, preto\u017ee obsluha IoT zariaden\u00ed je jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed siete 5G. Moduly GPS \/ GLONASS by mali sledova\u0165 polohu. Na plnohodnotn\u00fa funkciu smart kontraktov je potrebn\u00e9 ma\u0165 inform\u00e1cie z extern\u00fdch zdrojov, napr\u00edklad aktu\u00e1lne kurzy akci\u00ed alebo mien. Na to sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa takzvan\u00e9 blockchainov\u00e9 orakuly. Z\u00e1vere\u010dn\u00fd prvok \u2014 modul umelej inteligencie na anal\u00fdzu \u00fadajov. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/blog.oceanprotocol.com\/blockchains-for-artificial-intelligence-ec63b0284984\">V\u00fdskumy hovoria<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee algoritmy AI (Artificial Intelligence) bud\u00fa efekt\u00edvne pracova\u0165 na \u00fadajoch z blockchainu, preto\u017ee s\u00fa \u00fapln\u00e9, nekonfliktn\u00e9 a jednozna\u010dne usporiadan\u00e9 pod\u013ea \u010dasu.<\/p>\n<p>Takto sme z\u00edskali zhrnut\u00fa sch\u00e9mu blockchain projektov. Teraz k nej m\u00f4\u017eeme pripoji\u0165 ak\u00fdko\u013evek n\u00e1zov a prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 sch\u00e9mu r\u00f4znym odvetv\u00edm. Napr\u00edklad, \u201eSledovanie pohybu cisternov\u00fdch vozidiel v ropnom priemysle\u201c alebo \u201eV\u00fdroba s\u00fa\u010diastok pre automobilov\u00fd priemysel\u201c alebo \u201eDod\u00e1vky farm\u00e1rskeho m\u00e4sa do maloobchodn\u00fdch predajn\u00ed\u201c.<\/p>\n<h2>Blockchain + IoT + 5G + GPS + AI<\/h2>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Blockchain: \u010do n\u00e1m stoj\u00ed za to vytvori\u0165 pr\u00edpad?\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/af29e1cad5a1e06b3e5b85f082a79117.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPrejdime k konkr\u00e9tnym pr\u00edpadom.<\/p>\n<h2>Anal\u00fdza pr\u00edpadov<\/h2>\n<p>\nPo\u010fme si vybra\u0165 pr\u00edpady pre uveden\u00e9 odvetvia a zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165, na ktor\u00fdch blockchainoch ich mo\u017eno realizova\u0165. Ukazuje sa, \u017ee nemus\u00edme ni\u010d h\u013eada\u0165, preto\u017ee existuje aktu\u00e1lna<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/sdlt.io\/cases\">Kni\u017enica pr\u00edpady blockchain<\/a><\/noindex>s pr\u00edkladmi a odkazmi. Obsahuje pr\u00edpady aplik\u00e1cie blockchainu v nasleduj\u00facich odvetviach:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>automobilov\u00fd priemysel<\/li>\n<li>verejn\u00fd sektor<\/li>\n<li>\u0165a\u017eobn\u00fd sektor<\/li>\n<li>zdravotn\u00edctvo<\/li>\n<li>kult\u00fara a umenie<\/li>\n<li>nehnute\u013enosti<\/li>\n<li>v\u00fdroba<\/li>\n<li>maloobchod<\/li>\n<li>po\u013enohospod\u00e1rstvo<\/li>\n<li>telekomunik\u00e1cie<\/li>\n<li>doprava<\/li>\n<li>finan\u010dn\u00fd sektor<\/li>\n<li>energetika<\/li>\n<li>sledovanie autorsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00e1very z anal\u00fdzy s\u00faboru pr\u00edpadov<\/h3>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Samozrejme, blockchain dobre zapad\u00e1 do fintechu, preto\u017ee transakcie a zmena vlastn\u00edka hodn\u00f4t s\u00fa z\u00e1kladom finan\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. <\/li>\n<li>Blockchain sa logicky aplikuje na pr\u00edpady, kde existuj\u00fa \u201edod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00e9 re\u0165azce\u201c, napr\u00edklad preprava kontajnerov. Kontajner sa pova\u017euje za hodnotu, ktor\u00e1 sa prev\u00e1dza do vlastn\u00edctva od jednej dopravnej spolo\u010dnosti k druhej. Alebo, napr\u00edklad, ozna\u010dovanie potrav\u00edn a sledovanie cel\u00e9ho dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00e9ho re\u0165azca v\u00fdrobkov od farmy a\u017e po maloobchodn\u00e9 predajne. V tomto pr\u00edpade si kupuj\u00faci m\u00f4\u017ee overi\u0165, \u017ee produkt bol vyroben\u00fd konkr\u00e9tnym v\u00fdrobcom za konkr\u00e9tnych podmienok. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa na tieto inform\u00e1cie na etiket\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017ee iba veri\u0165.<\/li>\n<li>Aktu\u00e1lny pr\u00edpad s identifik\u00e1ciou os\u00f4b IAM (Identity and Access Management) a uchov\u00e1van\u00edm osobn\u00fdch \u00fadajov. S pr\u00edchodom blockchainu sa objavil sp\u00f4sob rie\u0161enia zalo\u017een\u00fd na uchov\u00e1van\u00ed osobn\u00fdch \u00fadajov v distribuovanom registri, a prostredn\u00edctvom protokolu Zero Knowledge Proof m\u00f4\u017ee \u010dlovek s\u00e1m rozhodn\u00fa\u0165, ak\u00e9 \u00fadaje komu poskytn\u00fa\u0165. Napr\u00edklad klasick\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom je potvrdenie, \u017ee ob\u010dan dosiahol 18 rokov. Moment\u00e1lne sa na to pou\u017e\u00edva pas alebo vodi\u010dsk\u00fd preukaz, kde sa nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa \u00fadaje, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa relevantn\u00e9 pre samotn\u00fa kontrolu, ako napr\u00edklad trval\u00fd pobyt. Pou\u017eit\u00edm blockchainu bude mo\u017en\u00e9 overi\u0165, \u017ee osob\u011b je 18 rokov, bez zverejnenia zvy\u0161n\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>V tej istej oblasti le\u017e\u00ed aj pr\u00edpad s zaznamen\u00e1van\u00edm zdravotn\u00fdch \u00fadajov pacientov do blockchainu, aby ich bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 medzi in\u0161tit\u00faciami, bez naru\u0161enia d\u00f4vernosti. A toto je spolo\u010dn\u00fd rys mnoh\u00fdch pr\u00edpadov, kde na jednej strane je potrebn\u00e1 identifik\u00e1cia os\u00f4b a mo\u017enos\u0165 bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00e9ho \u0161\u00edrenia inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, a na druhej strane je nevyhnutn\u00e9 chr\u00e1ni\u0165 (\u0161ifrova\u0165) osobn\u00e9 a s\u00fakromn\u00e9 \u00fadaje. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Blockchain a \u0161t\u00e1t<\/h3>\n<p>\nV mnoh\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch existuj\u00fa \u0161t\u00e1tne programy rozvoja blockchainu. Vr\u00e1tane Ruska existuje <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/data-economy.ru\">program digit\u00e1lnej transform\u00e1cie \u0161t\u00e1tu<\/a><\/noindex>, v ktorom sa blockchain (distribuovan\u00fd register) pova\u017euje za jedno z smerov rozvoja. Pre \u0161t\u00e1t je relevantn\u00fd rozvoj blockchainu v nasledovn\u00fdch oblastiach: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vytvorenie registrov majetkov\u00fdch transakci\u00ed, napr\u00edklad s nehnute\u013enos\u0165ami;<\/li>\n<li>Vytvorenie registrov na zaznamen\u00e1vanie aktov ob\u010dianskeho stavu, napr\u00edklad pre registr\u00e1ciu naroden\u00ed, man\u017eelstiev, rozvodov;<\/li>\n<li>Zaznamen\u00e1vanie v\u00fdsledkov volieb a hlasovan\u00ed do blockchainu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Blockchain a Telekom<\/h3>\n<p>\nPr\u00edpadov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie realizovan\u00e9 v telekomunika\u010dnom odvetv\u00ed bud\u00fa ma\u0165 vplyv na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu \u013eud\u00ed. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.tmforum.org\/catalysts\/blockchain-unleashed\">Pod\u013ea n\u00e1zoru TM Forum<\/a><\/noindex> je pre telekomunika\u010dn\u00fdch oper\u00e1torov najrelevantnej\u0161ie aplikova\u0165 blockchain na rie\u0161enie nasleduj\u00facich \u00faloh:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Oper\u00e1tori m\u00f4\u017eu odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 prostredn\u00edkov (clearingov\u00e9 centr\u00e1) pri poskytovan\u00ed roamingu a uskuto\u010d\u0148ova\u0165 platby priamo medzi sebou. <\/li>\n<li>Identifik\u00e1cia os\u00f4b a IoT zariaden\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Automatick\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edtanie poru\u0161en\u00ed pravidiel poskytovania slu\u017eieb z\u00e1kazn\u00edkom (SLA) na z\u00e1klade smart kontraktov a vypl\u00e1canie kompenz\u00e1ci\u00ed. <\/li>\n<li>Vedenie distribuovanej datab\u00e1zy ukradnut\u00fdch telef\u00f3nov.<\/li>\n<li>Spr\u00e1va distribuovanej datab\u00e1zy pre MNP (Prenosite\u013enos\u0165 mobiln\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel) a zbavenie sa sprostredkovate\u013ea v podobe centralizovanej datab\u00e1zy. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Anal\u00fdza blockchainov<\/h2>\n<p>\nNa \u00fa\u010dely systematiz\u00e1cie som sa pok\u00fasil n\u00e1js\u0165 klasifik\u00e1ciu blockchainov pod\u013ea gener\u00e1ci\u00ed. \u017diadnu v\u0161eobecne akceptovan\u00fa som nena\u0161iel, ale v\u0161etci s\u00fahlasia, \u017ee prv\u00e1 gener\u00e1cia je Bitcoin, druh\u00e1 Ethereum, a \u010falej z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na osobn\u00fdch preferenci\u00e1ch. Zd\u00e1 sa mi logick\u00e1 nasledovn\u00e1 klasifik\u00e1cia: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Prv\u00e1 gener\u00e1cia (Bitcoin): podporuje len funk\u010dnos\u0165 prevodu kryptomeny z jedn\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dtu na druh\u00fd.<\/li>\n<li>Druh\u00e1 gener\u00e1cia pridala smart kontrakty (Ethereum) a multivalutnos\u0165 (BitShares).<\/li>\n<li>Tretia gener\u00e1cia umo\u017e\u0148uje pracova\u0165 nielen s kryptomenou, ale aj s ak\u00fdmiko\u013evek digit\u00e1lnymi akt\u00edvami, realizova\u0165 ak\u00fako\u013evek biznis logiku, flexibilne nastavova\u0165 algoritmus konsenzu. Pr\u00edklad univerz\u00e1lneho blockchainu \u2014 Hyperledger Fabric. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPo\u010fme sa pozrie\u0165 aj na predstavite\u013eov v\u0161etk\u00fdch gener\u00e1ci\u00ed, z h\u013eadiska charakterist\u00edk, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00f4\u017eu pochopi\u0165, ak\u00e9 pr\u00edpady sa daj\u00fa realizova\u0165 na tom alebo onom blockchaine:<\/p>\n<p>Bitcoin<br \/>\nEthereum<br \/>\nBitShares<br \/>\nHyperledger Fabric<br \/>\nExonum<\/p>\n<p>Gener\u00e1cia blockchainu<br \/>\n1<br \/>\n2<br \/>\n2<br \/>\n3<br \/>\n3<\/p>\n<p>Webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bitcoin.org\/en\/\">bitcoin.org\/en<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ethereum.org\/\">ethereum.org<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/bitshares.org\/\">bitshares.org<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hyperledger.org\/projects\/fabric\">www.hyperledger.org<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/exonum.com\">exonum.com<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdkon v TPS<br \/>\n7<br \/>\n20-30<br \/>\n10,000<br \/>\n1000<br \/>\n10,000<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vytvoren\u00fd s\u00fakromn\u00fd blockchain<br \/>\nnie<br \/>\nnie<br \/>\n\u00e1no<br \/>\n\u00e1no<br \/>\n\u00e1no<\/p>\n<p>Po\u010det uzlov v sieti<br \/>\nViac ako 10 000<br \/>\nViac ako 10 000<br \/>\nEfekt\u00edvne 20 \u2013 30 uzlov<br \/>\nEfekt\u00edvnos\u0165 sa ur\u010duje syst\u00e9mom Apache Kafka<br \/>\nEfekt\u00edvnos\u0165 sa ur\u010duje konsenzom BFT: 10-20 uzlov<\/p>\n<p>Priemern\u00fd poplatok za transakcie<br \/>\n0.5$<br \/>\n0.1$<br \/>\nmenej ako v Ethereu<br \/>\nnie<br \/>\nnie<\/p>\n<p>Podporovan\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my pre uzly<br \/>\nWindows, Linux, MacOS<br \/>\nWindows, Linux, MacOS, Raspberry Pi<br \/>\nUbuntu, Windows<br \/>\nWindows, Linux, MacOS<br \/>\nLinux, MacOS<\/p>\n<p>Nasadenie uzlov<br \/>\nRu\u010dne<br \/>\nRu\u010dne, Docker<br \/>\nRu\u010dne<br \/>\nDocker, docker-compose<br \/>\nRu\u010dne, Docker<\/p>\n<p>Konsenzus<br \/>\nPoW<br \/>\nPow<br \/>\nDPoS<br \/>\nHlasovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m, pou\u017e\u00edva sa Apache Kafka<br \/>\nBFT<\/p>\n<p>Smart kontrakt<br \/>\nNie v be\u017enom ch\u00e1pan\u00ed<br \/>\nProgramovac\u00ed jazyk Solidity<br \/>\nPredin\u0161talovan\u00e9 a ich po\u010det je obmedzen\u00fd. P\u00ed\u0161e sa v C++<br \/>\nProgramovacie jazyky Go, JS<br \/>\nRust<\/p>\n<p>Programovac\u00ed jazyk, v ktorom je nap\u00edsan\u00fd blockchain<br \/>\nC++<br \/>\nC++<br \/>\nC++<br \/>\nGo<br \/>\nRust<\/p>\n<p>DB na uchov\u00e1vanie \u00fadajov blockchainu<br \/>\nLevelDB<br \/>\nLevelDB<br \/>\nLevelDB<br \/>\ngoleveldb \u2014 LevelDB v Go<br \/>\nRocksDB<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdvoj a podpora<br \/>\nSatoshi Nakamoto &amp; Co<br \/>\nVitalik Buterin &amp; Co<br \/>\nDan Larimer &amp; Co<br \/>\nThe Linux Foundation, IBM, Oracle<br \/>\nBitfury Group<\/p>\n<p>Obmedzenia pri implement\u00e1cii pr\u00edpadov<br \/>\nV\u00fdkon a existencia poplatkov.<br \/>\nV\u00fdkon a existencia poplatkov. Vhodn\u00e9 pre piloty a PoC.<br \/>\nExistencia poplatkov a obmedzen\u00fd po\u010det realizovan\u00fdch scen\u00e1rov pou\u017eitia.<br \/>\nHyperledger Fabric \u2014 ni\u010d ne obmedzuje, ak ne\u010dak\u00e1te vysok\u00e9 v\u00fdkonnostn\u00e9 charakteristiky.<br \/>\nExonum obmedzuje BFT konsenzus a vysok\u00fd prah vstupu, preto\u017ee na implement\u00e1ciu smart kontraktov je potrebn\u00e9 ich integrova\u0165 do zdrojov\u00e9ho k\u00f3du.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1ver<\/h2>\n<p>\nDnes sa \u010dasto nov\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia pred\u00e1va ako rie\u0161enie probl\u00e9mov. Preto je najprv potrebn\u00e9 zabezpe\u010di\u0165, \u017ee v konkr\u00e9tnom pr\u00edpade potrebujeme pr\u00e1ve blockchain. Na to je treba odpoveda\u0165 na ot\u00e1zku, \u010di je potrebn\u00e1 cel\u00e1 t\u00e1to funk\u010dnos\u0165?<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kryptografia<\/li>\n<li>Nemennos\u0165 a \u00faplnos\u0165 hist\u00f3rie d\u00e1t<\/li>\n<li>Distrib\u00facia <\/li>\n<li>Decentraliz\u00e1cia <\/li>\n<li>Tokeniz\u00e1cia <\/li>\n<li>Smart kontrakty <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAk nie s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 v\u0161etky uveden\u00e9 charakteristiky, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie aplikova\u0165 technol\u00f3gie, ktor\u00e9 sa od blockchainu odli\u0161uj\u00fa. Ak sa predsa len rozhodnete pou\u017ei\u0165 blockchain, je potrebn\u00e9 ma\u0165 na pam\u00e4ti jeho \u0161pecifik\u00e1, ktor\u00e9, vzh\u013eadom na jeho podstatu, nemo\u017eno zmeni\u0165: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>R\u00f4zne blockchainy maj\u00fa r\u00f4zne technick\u00e9 charakteristiky a obmedzenia, preto je potrebn\u00e9 vybra\u0165 zodpovedaj\u00faci blockchain v z\u00e1vislosti od pr\u00edpadu pou\u017eitia.<\/li>\n<li>V z\u00e1vislosti od konsenzu sa v\u00fdkon blockchainu l\u00ed\u0161i o nieko\u013eko r\u00e1dov. A ak je vybran\u00e1 nejak\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tna blockchain, pravdepodobne ho nebude mo\u017en\u00e9 \u201eoptimalizova\u0165\u201c. <\/li>\n<li>Line\u00e1rna \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enos\u0165 \u2014 to je be\u017en\u00fd po\u017eiadavok pre informa\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. Blockchain v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee \u0161k\u00e1lova\u0165 hor\u0161ie ako line\u00e1rne. <\/li>\n<li>\u00dadaje, ktor\u00e9 je potrebn\u00e9 uchov\u00e1va\u0165, m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 \u0161trukt\u00faru, ktor\u00e1 zni\u017euje efektivitu aplik\u00e1cie blockchainu. <\/li>\n<li>V s\u00fakromn\u00fdch blockchainoch je potrebn\u00e9 zabezpe\u010di\u0165 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 rovnako, ako v pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch podnikov\u00fdch IT syst\u00e9moch. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nVzh\u013eadom na tieto obmedzenia sa dnes blockchain v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou pou\u017e\u00edva v najjednoduch\u0161\u00edch pr\u00edpadoch, kde je potrebn\u00e9 zbavi\u0165 sa sprostredkovate\u013eov alebo dosiahnu\u0165 overenie pravosti a nemennosti d\u00e1t medzi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkmi, ktor\u00ed nie s\u00fa pod jedn\u00fdm veden\u00edm. <\/p>\n<p>V \u010fal\u0161ej \u010dasti rozvineme blockchain v cloude a pozrieme sa, ako v\u0161etko funguje. <\/p>\n<p><b>Toto je len za\u010diatok! <\/b><br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/449986\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0439. 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