{"id":34761,"date":"2019-10-31T22:00:15","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:00:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vdi-deshevo-i-serdito\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:00:15","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:00:15","slug":"vdi-deshevo-i-serdito","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/vdi-deshevo-i-serdito","title":{"rendered":"VDI: Lacno a jednoducho","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"VDI:
\n
\nDobr\u00fd de\u0148, v\u00e1\u017een\u00ed Habr\u010dania, priatelia a zn\u00e1mi. V r\u00e1mci \u00favodu by som chcel rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 o realiz\u00e1cii zauj\u00edmav\u00e9ho projektu, alebo, ako je dnes v m\u00f3de vyjadrova\u0165 sa, zauj\u00edmav\u00e9ho pr\u00edpadov\u00e9ho \u0161t\u00fadia o zav\u00e1dzan\u00ed VDI infra\u0161trukt\u00fary. Zdalo sa, \u017ee \u010dl\u00e1nkov o VDI je ve\u013ea, je tu aj krok-za-krokom, porovnanie priamych konkurentov a op\u00e4\u0165 krok-za-krokom a op\u00e4\u0165 porovnanie konkuren\u010dn\u00fdch rie\u0161en\u00ed. Zdalo sa, \u017ee \u010do nov\u00e9 by sa dalo pon\u00faknu\u0165? <\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9, \u010do mnoh\u00fdm \u010dl\u00e1nkom ch\u00fdba, je popis ekonomick\u00e9ho efektu od implement\u00e1cie, v\u00fdpo\u010det n\u00e1kladov na vlastn\u00edctvo zvolen\u00e9ho rie\u0161enia a \u010do je e\u0161te zauj\u00edmavej\u0161ie \u2014 porovnanie n\u00e1kladov na vlastn\u00edctvo s podobn\u00fdmi rie\u0161eniami. V tomto pr\u00edpade vych\u00e1dzaj\u00fac z n\u00e1zvu \u010dl\u00e1nku je k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 slovo lacno<\/b>: \u010do to znamen\u00e1? U jedn\u00e9ho m\u00f4jho kolegu, zn\u00e1meho a priate\u013ea na za\u010diatku roka bola \u00faloha zrealizova\u0165 VDI s minim\u00e1lnym po\u010dtom \"okien\", a to konkr\u00e9tne bezplatn\u00fd hyperv\u00edzor, Linux pracovn\u00e1 stanica, bezplatn\u00e1 datab\u00e1za a in\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby minimaliz\u00e1cie n\u00e1kladov s na\u0161\u00edm \"obl\u00faben\u00fdm\" Microsoftom.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\n A pre\u010do s \"minim\u00e1lnymi oknami\"? Tu sa odklon\u00edm od \u010fal\u0161ieho rozpr\u00e1vania a pop\u00ed\u0161em situ\u00e1ciu, pre\u010do ma zaujal presne tento tematick\u00fd obsah. M\u00f4j zn\u00e1my, ktor\u00e9mu som pom\u00e1hal s realizovan\u00edm projektu, pracuje v stredne ve\u013ekej spolo\u010dnosti s viac ako 500 zamestnancami; nie v\u0161etok softv\u00e9r je leg\u00e1lny, ale pr\u00e1ce na jeho optimaliz\u00e1cii sa uskuto\u010d\u0148ovali, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina Front-end informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov bola prisp\u00f4soben\u00e1 na WEB, n\u00e1lada bola dobr\u00e1, k\u00fdm jedn\u00e9ho d\u0148a nepricestoval inkasn\u00fd \"osobn\u00fd mana\u017e\u00e9r\" Microsoftu pridelen\u00fd firme a neza\u010dal, nie, nenavrhoval, ani nepros\u00ed, ale po\u017eadoval naliehavo v\u0161etko n\u00fatene legalizova\u0165, pri\u010dom robil mnoho z\u00e1verov o pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch rie\u0161eniach na z\u00e1klade verejn\u00fdch zdrojov a tla\u010dov\u00fdch spr\u00e1v. Zdalo sa, \u017ee firma nem\u00e1 proti tomu ni\u010d, ale t\u00e1to otravnos\u0165 a n\u00e1tlak, hrani\u010diaci s hrozbami, podnietila star\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny na zavedenie minim\u00e1lneho pou\u017e\u00edvania produktov MS a maxim\u00e1lny prechod na OpenSource. \u010clovek z vonku by nemusel ve\u013emi veri\u0165 popisovanej situ\u00e1cii s predstavite\u013eom softv\u00e9rneho giganta, ale v svojom \u010dase sa podobn\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia opakovala 1:1 s uveden\u00fdm tlakom zo strany zamestnanca Microsoftu osobne na m\u0148a. <\/p>\n

Na druhej strane, je to \u010fal\u0161\u00ed impulz na prehodnotenie strat\u00e9gie rozvoja IT div\u00edzie s cie\u013eom diverzifik\u00e1cie vyu\u017e\u00edvania platen\u00fdch softv\u00e9rov\u00fdch produktov. Op\u00e4\u0165, tendencia prenikania OpenSource rie\u0161en\u00ed do biznisu naber\u00e1 na intenzite; na t\u00fato t\u00e9mu sa diskutovalo na konferencii IT-OS\u013d 0219 a ni\u017e\u0161ie uveden\u00fd sn\u00edmok to \u00faplne potvrdzuje.<\/p>\n

\"VDI:
\n Tak\u017ee, v uvedenej organiz\u00e1cii bola stanoven\u00e1 \u00faloha: ur\u00fdchli\u0165 dokon\u010denie licencovania MS produktov, pri\u010dom sa maxim\u00e1lne implementuj\u00fa a vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa OpenSource rie\u0161enia. Pre pr\u00edstup pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov sa rozhodlo prejs\u0165 z \u201etermin\u00e1lov\u201c a Windows VDI \u00faplne na Linux VDI. V\u00fdber Citrix VDI bol podmienen\u00fd mal\u00fdm po\u010dtom administr\u00e1torov, ve\u013ek\u00fdm po\u010dtom pobo\u010diek a jednoduchos\u0165ou nasadenia a \u0161k\u00e1lovania, s u\u017e zak\u00fapen\u00fdm produktom.<\/p>\n

A v prvej \u010dasti \u010dl\u00e1nku sa chcem zamera\u0165 na v\u00fdpo\u010det TCO vlastn\u00edctva infra\u0161trukt\u00fary Linux VDI a v\u00fdbere rie\u0161enia na b\u00e1ze produktu Citrix Virtual Apps and Desktops, v be\u017enej re\u010di zn\u00e1meho ako XenDesktop a star\u00e9ho dobr\u00e9ho XenServer, hoci teraz sa naz\u00fdva Citrix Hypervisor (ach tie prebrendovania, razom zmeni\u0165 n\u00e1zov takmer celej produktovej l\u00ednie) a samozrejme Linux pracovn\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch. Zdalo by sa, \u017ee v\u0161etci dobre vedia, \u017ee synergia VDI\/App je kombin\u00e1cia pou\u017eitia Vmware ako hyperv\u00edzora, Citrix ako riadiaceho syst\u00e9mu doru\u010dovania aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed a Microsoft ako hostite\u013eskej OS. Ale \u010do robi\u0165, ak potrebujete rovnak\u00fa technol\u00f3giu, ale s minim\u00e1lnymi n\u00e1kladmi? Nu\u017e, po\u010fme to vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165:<\/p>\n

Na za\u010diatku sa chcem podeli\u0165 o anal\u00fdzu predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facej situ\u00e1cie a potom, \u010do \"st\u00e1lo\" prechod na nov\u00fa platformu.
\nPre zjednodu\u0161enie a celistvos\u0165 obrazu sa pozrime iba na softv\u00e9rov\u00fa \u010das\u0165, preto\u017ee hardv\u00e9r u\u017e existoval a plnil svoju \u00falohu. <\/p>\n

A tak, na za\u010diatku bolo\u2026 kr\u00e1sne \u00falo\u017eisko EMC, Blade skrinka HP c7000 a 7 G8. serverov<\/a> v \u00falohe virtualiz\u00e1cie VDI. Na serveroch bol nain\u0161talovan\u00fd Windows Server 2012R2 s \u00falohou Hyper-V a pou\u017e\u00edval sa SCVMM. Bolo nasaden\u00e9 zak\u00fapen\u00e9 VDI na b\u00e1ze XenDesktop 7.18, bola nasaden\u00e1 nieko\u013eko termin\u00e1lov\u00fdch farm. Poznaj\u00fac dispoz\u00edciu a potrebu licencovania ve\u013ek\u00e9ho mno\u017estva softv\u00e9ru, porovnajme n\u00e1klady na nasadenie Linux VDI a kompletn\u00e9 rie\u0161enie na b\u00e1ze Microsoft 'na k\u013e\u00fa\u010d'. Preklad bolo rozhodnut\u00e9 realizova\u0165 postupne, v po\u010diato\u010dnej f\u00e1ze sa dot\u00fdkali pobo\u010diek spolo\u010dnosti, druhou f\u00e1zou sa predpokladalo prelo\u017eenie zost\u00e1vaj\u00facich pracovn\u00fdch miest v GO.<\/p>\n

\"VDI:
\n
\nNa termin\u00e1lovej farme v podstate pracoval 1C, na VDI pracovn\u00fdch ploch\u00e1ch pracoval \u0161tandardn\u00fd kancel\u00e1rsky bal\u00edk, po\u0161ta, s\u00fabory, internet (ich hlavn\u00e1 funkcia bola v\u00fdhradne \u010d\u00edtanie a tla\u010d). <\/p>\n

Poznaj\u00fac zoznam po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru, po\u010fme si vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165 celkov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na vlastn\u00edctvo rie\u0161enia od Microsoft. <\/p>\n

Windows Server:<\/b><\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea po\u017eiadaviek na licencovanie Microsoft musia by\u0165 splnen\u00e9 nasleduj\u00face podmienky:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Licencova\u0165 je potrebn\u00e9 v\u0161etky fyzick\u00e9 jadr\u00e1 v serveri<\/a>.<\/li>\n
  2. Minim\u00e1lny bal\u00edk 2-jadrov\u00fdch licenci\u00ed na server \u2013 8 ks (alebo jedna 16-jadrov\u00e1 licencia).<\/li>\n
  3. Minim\u00e1lny bal\u00edk 2-jadrov\u00fdch licenci\u00ed na procesor \u2013 4 ks (toto pravidlo plat\u00ed, ak je po\u010det procesorov v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed ako dva).<\/li>\n
  4. Bal\u00edk licenci\u00ed Standard poskytuje pr\u00e1vo na pou\u017e\u00edvanie jedn\u00e9ho fyzick\u00e9ho a dvoch virtu\u00e1lnych exempl\u00e1rov Windows Server na jednom serveri.<\/li>\n
  5. Bal\u00edk licenci\u00ed Datacenter poskytuje pr\u00e1vo na pou\u017e\u00edvanie jedn\u00e9ho fyzick\u00e9ho a ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek po\u010dtu virtu\u00e1lnych exempl\u00e1rov Windows Server na jednom serveri.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \nZ toho vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee ak je na serveri potrebn\u00e9 nain\u0161talova\u0165 viac ako 13 virtu\u00e1lnych exempl\u00e1rov Windows Server a Windows pracovn\u00fdch stan\u00edc, ekonomicky sa oplat\u00ed zak\u00fapi\u0165 ed\u00edciu Datacenter, ktor\u00fa budeme zva\u017eova\u0165. <\/p>\n

    Windows 10 VDI:<\/b><\/p>\n

    Pod\u013ea licen\u010dnej politiky Microsoft mus\u00ed by\u0165 pr\u00edstup k virtu\u00e1lnym desktopom s klientsk\u00fdm OS zabezpe\u010den\u00fd z zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 platn\u00fa predplatn\u00fa slu\u017ebu Microsoft VDA (Virtual Desktop Access), s v\u00fdnimkou po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov zahrnut\u00fdch v \u010dinnosti Software Assurance. V na\u0161om pr\u00edpade je prakticky potrebn\u00e9 zak\u00fapi\u0165 a ka\u017edoro\u010dne obnovova\u0165 predplatn\u00e9 na 300 DVA licenci\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    \u201cKupujem VDI softv\u00e9r od VMware \/ Citrix \/ in\u00e9ho dod\u00e1vate\u013ea.<\/p>\n

    Potrebujem e\u0161te Windows VDA? \u00c1no. Ak pristupujete k Windows klientsk\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu ako k v\u00e1\u0161mu hos\u0165uj\u00facemu opera\u010dn\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu v d\u00e1tovom centre z ak\u00e9hoko\u013evek zariadenia bez SA (vr\u00e1tane tenk\u00fdch klientov, iPadov at\u010f.), Windows VDA je vhodn\u00fd licen\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1stroj bez oh\u013eadu na to, ktor\u00e9ho poskytovate\u013ea VDI si vyberiete. Jedin\u00e1 situ\u00e1cia, kedy by ste Windows VDA nepotrebovali, je, ak by ste pou\u017e\u00edvali po\u010d\u00edta\u010de pokryt\u00e9 Software Assurance ako pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 zariadenia, ke\u010f\u017ee pr\u00e1va na pr\u00edstup k virtu\u00e1lnym desktopom s\u00fa zahrnut\u00e9 ako benefit SA.<\/p>\n

    SCVMM:<\/b><\/p>\n

    Syst\u00e9m riadenia virtu\u00e1lnej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary System Center Virtual Machine Manager je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou Microsoft System Center a ako samostatn\u00fd produkt sa nedod\u00e1va. O takomto pr\u00edstupe sa \u0165a\u017eko diskutuje; m\u00e1me to, \u010do m\u00e1me. <\/p>\n

    Zoh\u013ead\u0148uj\u00fac licen\u010dn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u201eLicencova\u0165 treba v\u0161etky fyzick\u00e9 jadr\u00e1 v serveri.<\/li>\n
    2. Minim\u00e1lny bal\u00edk 2-jadrov\u00fdch licenci\u00ed na server \u2013 8 ks (alebo jedna 16-jadrov\u00e1 licencia).<\/li>\n
    3. Minim\u00e1lny bal\u00edk 2-jadrov\u00fdch licenci\u00ed na procesor \u2013 4 ks (toto pravidlo plat\u00ed, ak je po\u010det procesorov v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed ako dva).<\/li>\n
    4. Licen\u010dn\u00fd bal\u00edk Standard poskytuje pr\u00e1vo spravova\u0165 jeden fyzick\u00fd a dva virtu\u00e1lne OS na jednom serveri.<\/li>\n
    5. Licen\u010dn\u00fd bal\u00edk Datacenter poskytuje pr\u00e1vo spravova\u0165 jeden fyzick\u00fd a ak\u00e9ko\u013evek mno\u017estvo virtu\u00e1lnych OS na jednom serveri.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \n\"VDI:
      \n
      \n Uveden\u00e9 ceny s\u00fa cenov\u00e9, samozrejme pri takom objeme je mo\u017en\u00e1 z\u013eava, ale na rozdiel od GLP cien Cisco alebo Lenovo, zabudnite na z\u013eavu 50 alebo 70%. Na z\u00e1klade sk\u00fasenost\u00ed s MS je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 vidie\u0165 viac ako 5%. Tak sa ukazuje, \u017ee v prvom roku n\u00e1klady na vlastn\u00edctvo presiahnu 5 mili\u00f3nov rub\u013eov, v r\u00e1mci 3 rokov n\u00e1klady na vlastn\u00edctvo dosiahnu ~ 9 mil. rub. \u010c\u00edslo nie je mal\u00e9, a pre stredne ve\u013ek\u00fa firmu by som povedal, \u017ee obrovsk\u00e9. Z ekonomick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska sa teda rozhodnutie u\u017e nezd\u00e1 tak\u00e9 jednoduch\u00e9. <\/p>\n

      Prebehnem dopredu, poviem, \u017ee po kalkul\u00e1cii navrhovan\u00e9ho projektu vedenie prijalo pozit\u00edvne rozhodnutie pri jeho schv\u00e1len\u00ed. <\/p>\n

      Z\u00e1ver:<\/h3>\n

      \n Nakoniec sa spojenie softv\u00e9ru uk\u00e1zalo nasledovn\u00e9: Citrix Hypervisor, hostite\u013esk\u00e9 OS Linux, v\u0161etko riadi Citrix Virtual Desktops. \u00daspora 3 mil. rub. ro\u010dne je zna\u010dn\u00e1. Bolo \u013eahk\u00e9 tento projekt realizova\u0165? Nie! Je to panacea pre tak\u00e9to rie\u0161enie? Nie! Ale ur\u010dite to stoj\u00ed za podrobn\u00e9 zv\u00e1\u017eenie mo\u017enosti implement\u00e1cie na b\u00e1ze Citrix VDI s Linuxov\u00fdmi hos\u0165uj\u00facimi syst\u00e9mami. Samozrejme, existuj\u00fa aj nev\u00fdhody a nie mal\u00e9, podrobnej\u0161ie o nich sa budem rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 v druhej \u010dasti, ktor\u00e1 bude kompletn\u00fdm krok-za-krokom op\u00edsan\u00edm navrhnut\u00e9ho rie\u0161enia.<\/p>\n

      Na z\u00e1ver chcem poveda\u0165, \u017ee si nen\u00e1rokujem na vyhl\u00e1senie rozhoduj\u00faceho n\u00e1zoru, ale samotn\u00fd pr\u00edpad, \u00faloha, bola ve\u013emi zauj\u00edmav\u00e1. <\/p>\n

      \u010eakujem za va\u0161u pozornos\u0165, dovidenia \u010doskoro)<\/i>
      \n
      Zdroj:       habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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