{"id":36133,"date":"2019-10-31T22:09:48","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/chitat-mezhdu-not-sistema-peredachi-dannyh-vnutri-muzyki\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:09:48","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:09:48","slug":"chitat-mezhdu-not-sistema-peredachi-dannyh-vnutri-muzyki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/chitat-mezhdu-not-sistema-peredachi-dannyh-vnutri-muzyki","title":{"rendered":"\u010c\u00edta\u0165 medzi t\u00f3nmi: syst\u00e9m prenosu d\u00e1t v hudbe","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\u010c\u00edta\u0165
\n
\nVyjadri\u0165 to, \u010do slov\u00e1 nedok\u00e1\u017eu prenies\u0165; c\u00edti\u0165 najr\u00f4znej\u0161ie em\u00f3cie prel\u00ednaj\u00face sa v hurik\u00e1ne citov; odtrhn\u00fa\u0165 sa od zeme, neba a dokonca aj od samotn\u00e9ho vesm\u00edru, vyda\u0165 sa na cestu, kde niet m\u00e1p, niet ciest, niet ukazovate\u013eov; vymyslie\u0165, rozpr\u00e1va\u0165 a za\u017ei\u0165 cel\u00fa hist\u00f3riu, ktor\u00e1 nav\u017edy ostane unik\u00e1tna a neopakovate\u013en\u00e1. To v\u0161etko umo\u017e\u0148uje hudba \u2014 umenie, ktor\u00e9 existuje u\u017e tis\u00edce rokov a obohacuje na\u0161e u\u0161i a srdcia. <\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak hudba, presnej\u0161ie hudobn\u00e9 dielo, m\u00f4\u017ee sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 nielen na estetick\u00e9 pote\u0161enie, ale aj na prenos v nej zak\u00f3dovanej inform\u00e1cie, ur\u010den\u00e9 pre nejak\u00e9 zariadenie a nevidite\u013en\u00e9 pre posluch\u00e1\u010da. Dnes sa s vami zozn\u00e1mime s dos\u0165 nezvy\u010dajn\u00fdm v\u00fdskumom, v ktorom postgradu\u00e1lni \u0161tudenti zo \u0161vaj\u010diarskej vysokej technickej \u0161koly v Ciri\u0161i dok\u00e1zali diskr\u00e9tne zakomponova\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u00fadaje do hudobn\u00fdch diel, \u010d\u00edm sa sama hudba st\u00e1va kan\u00e1lom na prenos d\u00e1t. Ako presne implementovali svoju technol\u00f3giu, ak\u00e9 s\u00fa rozdiely medzi mel\u00f3diami s a bez zakomponovan\u00fdch d\u00e1t a \u010do uk\u00e1zali praktick\u00e9 testy? O tom sa dozvieme z predn\u00e1\u0161ky v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov. Po\u010fme na to.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1klad v\u00fdskumu<\/h3>\n

\nV\u00fdskumn\u00edci ozna\u010duj\u00fa svoju technol\u00f3giu za akustick\u00fa techniku prenosu d\u00e1t. Ke\u010f reproduktor prehr\u00e1va upraven\u00fa mel\u00f3diu, \u010dlovek ju vn\u00edma ako be\u017en\u00fa, zatia\u013e \u010do napr\u00edklad smartf\u00f3n m\u00f4\u017ee \u010d\u00edta\u0165 zak\u00f3dovan\u00fa inform\u00e1ciu medzi riadkami, presnej\u0161ie medzi t\u00f3nmi, ak to m\u00f4\u017eeme takto vyjadri\u0165. Najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edm aspektom pri realiz\u00e1cii tejto met\u00f3dy prenosu d\u00e1t vedci (to, \u017ee t\u00edto chlapci s\u00fa st\u00e1le postgradu\u00e1lni \u0161tudenti, im nebr\u00e1ni by\u0165 vedcami) naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165 a spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 prenosu pri zachovan\u00ed \u00farovne t\u00fdchto parametrov bez oh\u013eadu na vybran\u00fd audio s\u00fabor. Zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 t\u00fato \u00falohu pom\u00e1ha psychoakustika, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00fama psychologick\u00e9 a fyziologick\u00e9 aspekty vn\u00edmania zvukov \u010dlovekom. <\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00fdm prvkom akustick\u00e9ho prenosu d\u00e1t je OFDM (multiplexovanie s ortogon\u00e1lnym frekven\u010dn\u00fdm rozdelen\u00edm kan\u00e1lov), ktor\u00e9 v kombin\u00e1cii s adapt\u00e1ciou nosn\u00fdch frekvenci\u00ed na p\u00f4vodn\u00fa hudbu v priebehu \u010dasu umo\u017enilo maxim\u00e1lne vyu\u017ei\u0165 spektrum pren\u00e1\u0161anej frekvencie na prenos inform\u00e1ci\u00ed. V\u010faka tomu sa podarilo dosiahnu\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 prenosu 412 bit\/s na vzdialenos\u0165 a\u017e 24 metrov (koeficient ch\u00fdb < 10%). Rovnako praktick\u00e9 experimenty s 40 dobrovo\u013en\u00edkmi potvrdili, \u017ee rozdiel medzi p\u00f4vodnou mel\u00f3diou a tou, do ktorej boli implantovan\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie, je prakticky nepostrehnute\u013en\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Kde sa d\u00e1 tak\u00e1to technol\u00f3gia uplatni\u0165 v praxi? V\u00fdskumn\u00edci maj\u00fa svoju odpove\u010f: takmer v\u0161etky modern\u00e9 smartf\u00f3ny, laptopy a in\u00e9 prenosn\u00e9 zariadenia s\u00fa vybaven\u00e9 mikrof\u00f3nmi a vo viacer\u00fdch verejn\u00fdch miestach (kaviarne, re\u0161taur\u00e1cie, n\u00e1kupn\u00e9 centr\u00e1 at\u010f.) s\u00fa reproduktory s pozad\u00edm hudby. Do tejto ambientnej mel\u00f3die m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 implementovan\u00e9 napr\u00edklad \u00fadaje na pripojenie k Wi-Fi bez potreby vykon\u00e1va\u0165 dodato\u010dn\u00e9 kroky.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 charakteristiky akustick\u00e9ho prenosu d\u00e1t s\u00fa n\u00e1m jasn\u00e9, teraz prejdime k podrobn\u00e9mu presk\u00famaniu \u0161trukt\u00fary tohto syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n

Opis syst\u00e9mu<\/h3>\n

\nImplik\u00e1cia d\u00e1t do mel\u00f3die prebieha prostredn\u00edctvom maskovania frekvencie. V \u010dasov\u00fdch intervaloch s\u00fa maskovacie frekvencie identifikovan\u00e9 a nosn\u00e9 OFDM, bl\u00edzke t\u00fdmto maskovac\u00edm prvkom, s\u00fa naplnen\u00e9 \u00fadajmi.<\/p>\n

\"\u010c\u00edta\u0165
\nObr\u00e1zok \u010d. 1: premenenie p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho s\u00faboru na kompozitn\u00fd sign\u00e1l (mel\u00f3dia + \u00fadaje), pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00fd cez reproduktory.<\/i><\/p>\n

Na za\u010diatku je p\u00f4vodn\u00fd audiosign\u00e1l rozdelen\u00fd na sekven\u010dn\u00e9 segmenty na anal\u00fdzu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd tak\u00fd segment (Hi) z L = 8820 vzoriek, ktor\u00fd trv\u00e1 200 ms, je n\u00e1soben\u00fd oknom*<\/i> na minimaliz\u00e1ciu okrajov\u00fdch efektov.<\/p>\n

Okno*<\/b> je v\u00e1hov\u00e1 funkcia pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 na kontrolu efektov sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch pr\u00edtomnos\u0165ou bo\u010dn\u00fdch lupienkov v spektr\u00e1lnych hodnoteniach.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u010ealej sa zistili dominuj\u00face frekvencie p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho sign\u00e1lu v rozmedz\u00ed od 500 Hz do 9,8 kHz, \u010do umo\u017enilo z\u00edska\u0165 maskovacie frekvencie fM,l pre tento segment. Okrem toho sa uskuto\u010dnila prenos \u00fadajov v malom rozmedz\u00ed od 9,8 do 10 kHz na ur\u010denie polohy podnosn\u00edkov v prij\u00edma\u010di. Horn\u00fd limit pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho frekven\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma bol stanoven\u00fd na 10 kHz kv\u00f4li n\u00edzkej citlivosti mikrof\u00f3nov smartf\u00f3nu na vysok\u00fdch frekvenci\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Maskovacie frekvencie boli ur\u010dovan\u00e9 pre ka\u017ed\u00fd analyzovan\u00fd segment individu\u00e1lne. Pomocou met\u00f3dy HPS (harmonick\u00fd spektrum produktov) boli ur\u010den\u00e9 tri dominuj\u00face frekvencie, ktor\u00e9 boli n\u00e1sledne zaokr\u00fahlen\u00e9 na najbli\u017e\u0161ie t\u00f3ny harmonickej chromatickej stupnice. Takto boli z\u00edskan\u00e9 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 t\u00f3ny fF,i = 1\u20263, nach\u00e1dzaj\u00face sa medzi kl\u00e1vesmi C0 (16,35 Hz) a B0 (30,87 Hz). Vzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 t\u00f3ny s\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161 n\u00edzke na pou\u017eitie pri prenose \u00fadajov, v rozmedz\u00ed 500 Hz \u2026 9,8 kHz boli vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 ich vy\u0161\u0161ie okt\u00e1vy 2kfF,i. Mnoh\u00e9 z t\u00fdchto frekvenci\u00ed (fO,l1) boli v\u00fdraznej\u0161ie v\u010faka povahe HPS.<\/p>\n

\"\u010c\u00edta\u0165
\nObr\u00e1zok \u010d. 2: vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 okt\u00e1vy fO,l1 pre z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 t\u00f3ny a harmoniky fH,l2 najsilnej\u0161ieho t\u00f3nu.<\/i><\/p>\n

S\u00fabor okt\u00e1v a harmon\u00edk bol n\u00e1sledne pou\u017eit\u00fd ako maskovacie frekvencie, na z\u00e1klade ktor\u00fdch boli z\u00edskan\u00e9 frekvencie OFDM podnosn\u00edka fSC,k. Pod ka\u017edou z maskovac\u00edch frekvenci\u00ed boli vlo\u017een\u00e9 dve podnosn\u00edky. <\/p>\n

N\u00e1sledovala filtr\u00e1cia spektra audiosegmentu Hi na frekvenci\u00e1ch podnosn\u00edkov fSC,k. Na z\u00e1klade informa\u010dn\u00fdch bitov v Bi sa vytvoril OFDM symbol, \u010d\u00edm mohol by\u0165 kompozitn\u00fd segment Ci pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00fd cez reproduktor. Hodnoty a f\u00e1zy podnosn\u00edkov je potrebn\u00e9 zvoli\u0165 tak, aby prij\u00edma\u010d mohol extrahova\u0165 prenesen\u00e9 \u00fadaje, zatia\u013e \u010do posluch\u00e1\u010d si nev\u0161imne zmeny v mel\u00f3dii.<\/p>\n

\"\u010c\u00edta\u0165
\nObr\u00e1zok \u010d. 3: \u00fasek spektra a frekvencie podnosn\u00edkov segmentu Hi p\u00f4vodnej mel\u00f3die.<\/i><\/p>\n

Ke\u010f sa audi sign\u00e1l s n\u00edm zak\u00f3dovanou inform\u00e1ciou reprodukuje cez reproduktory, mikrof\u00f3n prij\u00edmacieho zariadenia ho zaznamen\u00e1va. Aby sa na\u0161li po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 polohy vstavanej OFDM symbolov, z\u00e1znamy je najprv potrebn\u00e9 prebra\u0165 p\u00e1smov\u00fdm filtrovan\u00edm. T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom sa extrahuje horn\u00fd frekven\u010dn\u00fd rozsah, kde nie s\u00fa hudobn\u00e9 sign\u00e1ly-\u0161umy medzi podnosite\u013emi. Za\u010diatok OFDM symbolov je mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 pomocou cyklick\u00e9ho prefixu.<\/p>\n

Po zisten\u00ed za\u010diatku OFDM symbolov prij\u00edma\u010d z\u00edskava inform\u00e1cie o najdominantnej\u0161\u00edch t\u00f3noch prostredn\u00edctvom dek\u00f3dovania horn\u00e9ho frekven\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u00e1sma. Navy\u0161e, OFDM je dos\u0165 odoln\u00fd vo\u010di vplyvom zdrojov \u00fazkop\u00e1smov\u00fdch interferenci\u00ed, preto\u017ee maj\u00fa vplyv len na niektor\u00e9 z podnosite\u013eov.<\/p>\n

Praktick\u00e9 sk\u00fa\u0161ky<\/h3>\n

\nAko zdroj zmenen\u00fdch mel\u00f3di\u00ed sa pou\u017eil reproduktor KRK Rokit 8 a \u00falohu prij\u00edmaj\u00facej strany zohral smartphone Nexus 5X.<\/p>\n

\"\u010c\u00edta\u0165
\nObr\u00e1zok \u010d. 4: rozdiel medzi skuto\u010dn\u00fdmi prejavmi OFDM a vrcholmi korel\u00e1cie meran\u00fdmi v interi\u00e9ri vo vzdialenosti 5 m medzi reproduktorom a mikrof\u00f3nom.<\/i><\/p>\n

V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina OFDM bodov le\u017e\u00ed v rozmedz\u00ed od 0 do 25 ms, preto je mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 prijate\u013en\u00fd za\u010diatok v cyklickom prefixe 66,6 ms. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa, \u017ee prij\u00edma\u010d (v tejto sk\u00fa\u0161ke smartphone) zoh\u013ead\u0148uje, \u017ee OFDM symboly s\u00fa reprodukovan\u00e9 periodicky, \u010do zlep\u0161uje ich detekciu.<\/p>\n

Prv\u00e9, \u010do sa muselo skontrolova\u0165, bolo vplyv vzdialenosti na pomer ch\u00fdb pod\u013ea bitov (BER). Na tento \u00fa\u010del boli vykonan\u00e9 tri testy v r\u00f4znych typoch miestnost\u00ed: chodba s kobercom, kancel\u00e1ria s linoleum na podlahe a predn\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e1 s drevenou podlahou.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Prehrajte\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nAko \"testovan\u00fa\" bola vybran\u00e1 piese\u0148 \"And The Cradle Will Rock\" od skupiny Van Halen. <\/i><\/p>\n

Hlasitos\u0165 zvuku bola nastaven\u00e1 tak, aby nameran\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 hlasitosti smartf\u00f3nom vo vzdialenosti 2 m od reproduktora bola 63 dB.<\/p>\n

\"\u010c\u00edta\u0165
\nObr\u00e1zok \u010d. 5: ukazovatele BER v z\u00e1vislosti od vzdialenosti medzi reproduktorom a mikrof\u00f3nom (modr\u00e1 l\u00ednia \u2014 predn\u00e1\u0161kov\u00e1, zelen\u00e1 \u2014 chodba, oran\u017eov\u00e1 \u2014 kancel\u00e1ria).<\/i><\/p>\n

Na chodbe bol zvuk s 40 dB zachyten\u00fd smartf\u00f3nom vo vzdialenosti a\u017e 24 metrov od reproduktora. V predn\u00e1\u0161kovej bol zvuk vo vzdialenosti 15 m 55 dB a v kancel\u00e1rii pri vzdialenosti 8 metrov \u00farove\u0148 vn\u00edman\u00e9ho zvuku smartf\u00f3nom dosiahla 57 dB. <\/p>\n

Vzh\u013eadom na to, \u017ee publikum a kancel\u00e1ria maj\u00fa v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed odraz, neskor\u00e9 ozveny symbolov OFDM prekra\u010duj\u00fa d\u013a\u017eku cyklick\u00e9ho prefixu a zvy\u0161uj\u00fa BER.<\/p>\n

Odraz*<\/b> \u2014 postupn\u00e9 zni\u017eovanie intenzity zvuku v d\u00f4sledku jeho opakovan\u00e9ho odrazu. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u010ealej v\u00fdskumn\u00edci preuk\u00e1zali univerz\u00e1lnos\u0165 svojho syst\u00e9mu jeho aplik\u00e1ciou na 6 r\u00f4znych piesn\u00ed troch \u017e\u00e1nrov (ni\u017e\u0161ie uveden\u00e1 tabu\u013eka).<\/p>\n

\"\u010c\u00edta\u0165
\nTabu\u013eka \u010d. 1: piesne pou\u017eit\u00e9 v testoch.<\/i><\/p>\n

Takisto prostredn\u00edctvom \u00fadajov z tabu\u013eky m\u00f4\u017eeme vidie\u0165 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 prenosu a chybovos\u0165 na bit pre ka\u017ed\u00fa piese\u0148. R\u00fdchlos\u0165 prenosu sa l\u00ed\u0161i, preto\u017ee diferenci\u00e1lny BPSK (f\u00e1zov\u00e1 manipul\u00e1cia) funguje lep\u0161ie, ke\u010f s\u00fa pou\u017eit\u00e9 rovnak\u00e9 podnosn\u00e9 frekvencie. To je mo\u017en\u00e9, ke\u010f susedn\u00e9 segmenty obsahuj\u00fa rovnak\u00e9 maskovacie prvky. Neust\u00e1le hlasn\u00e9 piesne poskytuj\u00fa optim\u00e1lny z\u00e1klad pre skrytie d\u00e1t, ke\u010f\u017ee maskovacie frekvencie s\u00fa v\u00fdraznej\u0161ie pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 v \u0161irokom frekven\u010dnom rozsahu. R\u00fdchlo sa meniaca hudba m\u00f4\u017ee len \u010diasto\u010dne maskova\u0165 symboly OFDM kv\u00f4li pevnej d\u013a\u017eke okna anal\u00fdzy.<\/p>\n

\u010ealej sa k testovaniu syst\u00e9mu prihl\u00e1sili osoby, ktor\u00e9 mali ur\u010di\u0165, ktor\u00e1 mel\u00f3dia je p\u00f4vodn\u00e1 a ktor\u00e1 bola modifikovan\u00e1 vlo\u017eenou inform\u00e1ciou. Na tento \u00fa\u010del boli 12-sekundov\u00e9 \u00faryvky piesn\u00ed z tabu\u013eky \u010d. 1 umiestnen\u00e9 na \u0161peci\u00e1lnej str\u00e1nke. <\/p>\n

V prvom experimente (E1) bol ka\u017ed\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkovi poskytnut\u00fd bu\u010f upraven\u00fd, alebo p\u00f4vodn\u00fd \u00faryvok na vypo\u010dutie, a mal rozhodn\u00fa\u0165, \u010di je tento \u00faryvok origin\u00e1lny alebo zmenen\u00fd. V druhom experimente (E2) si \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci mohli obidve verzie vypo\u010du\u0165\u013eko\u013ekokr\u00e1t, ako chceli, a potom rozhodn\u00fa\u0165, ktor\u00e1 z nich je origin\u00e1l a ktor\u00e1 bola upraven\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\"\u010c\u00edta\u0165
\nTabu\u013eka \u010d. 2: v\u00fdsledky experimentov E1 a E2.<\/i><\/p>\n

Vo v\u00fdsledkoch prv\u00e9ho pokusu s\u00fa dva ukazovatele: p(O|O) \u2014 percento \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed spr\u00e1vne ozna\u010dili p\u00f4vodn\u00fa mel\u00f3diu a p(O|M) \u2014 percento \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed ozna\u010dili upraven\u00fa verziu mel\u00f3die ako origin\u00e1lnu.<\/p>\n

Zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee niektor\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci, pod\u013ea v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov, pova\u017eovali ur\u010dit\u00e9 upraven\u00e9 mel\u00f3die za origin\u00e1lnej\u0161ie ako samotn\u00fd origin\u00e1l. Priemern\u00fd v\u00fdsledok oboch experimentov nazna\u010duje, \u017ee priemern\u00fd posluch\u00e1\u010d si nev\u0161imne rozdiel medzi be\u017enou mel\u00f3diou a tou, do ktorej boli zabudovan\u00e9 \u00fadaje.<\/p>\n

Samozrejme, znalci hudby a hudobn\u00edci si m\u00f4\u017eu v\u0161imn\u00fa\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00e9 nepresnosti a podozriv\u00e9 prvky v upraven\u00fdch mel\u00f3di\u00e1ch, ale tieto prvky nie s\u00fa tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00e9, aby sp\u00f4sobovali nepohodlie.<\/p>\n

A teraz sa m\u00f4\u017eeme aj sami z\u00fa\u010dastni\u0165 na experimente. Ni\u017e\u0161ie s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 dve verzie tej istej mel\u00f3die \u2014 origin\u00e1lna a upraven\u00e1. Po\u010dujete rozdiel?<\/p>\n

Origin\u00e1lna verzia mel\u00f3die<\/a><\/noindex>
\nvs
\nUpraven\u00e1 verzia mel\u00f3die<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Pre podrobnej\u0161ie obozn\u00e1menie s nuansami v\u00fdskumu odpor\u00fa\u010dam pozrie\u0165 sa do predn\u00e1\u0161ka<\/a><\/noindex> v\u00fdskumnej skupiny.<\/p>\n

Taktie\u017e si m\u00f4\u017eete stiahnu\u0165 ZIP arch\u00edv audi s\u00faborov origin\u00e1lnych a upraven\u00fdch mel\u00f3di\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 boli pou\u017eit\u00e9 v \u0161t\u00fadii, na tento odkaz<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Epilog<\/h3>\n

\nV tejto pr\u00e1ci op\u00edsali postgradu\u00e1li zo \u0161vaj\u010diarskej technickej vysokej \u0161koly v Curychu \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd syst\u00e9m prenosu \u00fadajov v r\u00e1mci hudby. Na tento \u00fa\u010del pou\u017eili frekven\u010dn\u00e9 maskovanie, \u010do umo\u017enilo zabudova\u0165 \u00fadaje do mel\u00f3die prehr\u00e1vanej reproduktorom. T\u00e1to mel\u00f3dia je zachyten\u00e1 mikrof\u00f3nom zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 rozpozn\u00e1va skryt\u00e9 \u00fadaje a dek\u00f3duje ich, zatia\u013e \u010do priemern\u00fd posluch\u00e1\u010d si rozdiel ani nev\u0161imne. V bud\u00facnosti pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa tento syst\u00e9m vyv\u00edja\u0165 a h\u013eada\u0165 dokonalej\u0161ie met\u00f3dy zav\u00e1dzania \u00fadajov do audia. <\/p>\n

Ke\u010f niekto vymysl\u00ed nie\u010do nezvy\u010dajn\u00e9, ale \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9, v\u017edy sa te\u0161\u00edme. E\u0161te viac n\u00e1s v\u0161ak te\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee toto vyn\u00e1lez bolo vytvoren\u00e9 mlad\u00fdmi \u013eu\u010fmi. Veda nem\u00e1 vekov\u00e9 obmedzenia. A ak mlad\u00ed \u013eudia pova\u017euj\u00fa vedu za nudn\u00fa, je to znamen\u00edm, \u017ee je im prezentovan\u00e1 z nespr\u00e1vneho uhla poh\u013eadu. Ve\u010f ako vieme, veda je fascinuj\u00faci svet, ktor\u00fd nikdy neprest\u00e1va prekvapova\u0165. <\/p>\n

Petkov offtop:<\/b>

\r\n \"Prehrajte\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nKe\u010f u\u017e sme sa dostali k hudbe, a konkr\u00e9tne k rockovej hudbe, tu je skvel\u00e1 cesta po svete rocku.<\/i><\/p>\n

\r\n \"Prehrajte\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nQueen, \u201eRadio Ga Ga\u201c (1984).<\/i><\/p>\n

\u010eakujem za pozornos\u0165, zost\u00e1vajte zvedav\u00ed a prajem v\u00e1m v\u0161etk\u00fdm skvel\u00fd v\u00edkend, kamar\u00e1ti! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

\n\u010eakujeme, \u017ee s nami zost\u00e1vate. P\u00e1\u010dia sa v\u00e1m na\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nky? Chcete vidie\u0165 viac zauj\u00edmav\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov? Podporte n\u00e1s objednan\u00edm alebo odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00edm priate\u013eom, 30% z\u013eava pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov Chabra na unik\u00e1tny ekvivalent entry-level serverov, ktor\u00fd sme pre v\u00e1s vytvorili:<\/b> V\u0161etky pravdy o VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 jadier) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps od 20 dol\u00e1rov alebo ako spr\u00e1vne rozdeli\u0165 server?<\/a><\/noindex> (k dispoz\u00edcii varianty s RAID1 a RAID10, a\u017e 24 jadier a a\u017e 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd za polovicu?<\/b> Len u n\u00e1s 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB od 199 dol\u00e1rov<\/a><\/noindex> v Holandsku! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 od 99 dol\u00e1rov!<\/b><\/b> Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si o tom Ako vybudova\u0165 infra\u0161trukt\u00faru korpor\u00e1tneho typu s pou\u017eit\u00edm serverov Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 s cenou 9000 eur za zlomok ceny?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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