{"id":36394,"date":"2019-10-31T22:11:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/podrobnosti-realizatsii-protokolov-rstp-i-proprietarnogo-extended-ring-redundancy\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:11:24","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:11:24","slug":"podrobnosti-realizatsii-protokolov-rstp-i-proprietarnogo-extended-ring-redundancy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/podrobnosti-realizatsii-protokolov-rstp-i-proprietarnogo-extended-ring-redundancy","title":{"rendered":"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V sieti je mo\u017en\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 mnoho materi\u00e1lov t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa protokolu RSTP. V r\u00e1mci tohto \u010dl\u00e1nku navrhujem porovna\u0165 protokol RSTP s propriet\u00e1rnym protokolom od <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.phoenixcontactpro.ru\">Phoenix Contact <\/a><\/noindex>\u2013 Extended Ring Redundancy.<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><b>Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie RSTP<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i>\u010cas zhodnotenia<\/i> \u2013 1-10 s<br \/>\n<i>Mo\u017en\u00e9 topol\u00f3gie<\/i> \u2013 ak\u00e1ko\u013evek<\/p>\n<p>Roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fd n\u00e1zor je, \u017ee RSTP umo\u017e\u0148uje sp\u00e1ja\u0165 prep\u00edna\u010de len do kr\u00fahu:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/6cc708e397d6fbfd3d3ff0bd67dab9dc.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nAle RSTP umo\u017e\u0148uje sp\u00e1ja\u0165 prep\u00edna\u010de ak\u00fdmko\u013evek sp\u00f4sobom. Napr\u00edklad, s takouto topol\u00f3giou si RSTP porad\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f204b8915afaae5183a0be55c660385d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><b>Princ\u00edp fungovania<\/b><\/p>\n<p>RSTP redukuje ak\u00fako\u013evek topol\u00f3giu na strom. Jeden z prep\u00edna\u010dov sa st\u00e1va centrom topol\u00f3gie \u2013 kore\u0148ov\u00fdm prep\u00edna\u010dom. Kore\u0148ov\u00fd prep\u00edna\u010d prep\u00fa\u0161\u0165a najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mno\u017estvo d\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Princ\u00edp \u010dinnosti RSTP je nasledovn\u00fd:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>nap\u00e1janie sa poskytuje prep\u00edna\u010dom;<\/li>\n<li>vyberie sa kore\u0148ov\u00fd prep\u00edna\u010d;<\/li>\n<li>ostatn\u00e9 prep\u00edna\u010de ur\u010duj\u00fa najr\u00fdchlej\u0161iu cestu k kore\u0148ov\u00e9mu prep\u00edna\u010du;<\/li>\n<li>ostatn\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly s\u00fa zablokovan\u00e9 a st\u00e1vaj\u00fa sa z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00fdmi.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\n<i>V\u00fdber kore\u0148ov\u00e9ho prep\u00edna\u010da<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Prep\u00edna\u010de s RSTP si vymie\u0148aj\u00fa BPDU pakety. BPDU je servisn\u00fd paket, ktor\u00fd obsahuje inform\u00e1cie RSTP. BPDU je dvoch typov:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Configuration BPDU.<\/li>\n<li>Topology Change Notification.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nConfiguration BPDU sa pou\u017e\u00edva na vytv\u00e1ranie topol\u00f3gie. Posiela ho iba kore\u0148ov\u00fd prep\u00edna\u010d. Configuration BPDU obsahuje:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>identifik\u00e1tor odosielate\u013ea (Bridge ID);<\/li>\n<li>identifik\u00e1tor kore\u0148ov\u00e9ho prep\u00edna\u010da (Root Bridge ID);<\/li>\n<li>identifik\u00e1tor portu, z ktor\u00e9ho bol tento paket odoslan\u00fd (Port ID);<\/li>\n<li>n\u00e1klady na trasu k kore\u0148ov\u00e9mu prep\u00edna\u010du (Root Path Cost).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTopology Change Notification m\u00f4\u017ee posla\u0165 ak\u00fdko\u013evek prep\u00edna\u010d. Posielaj\u00fa sa v pr\u00edpade zmeny topol\u00f3gie.<\/p>\n<p>Po zapnut\u00ed si v\u0161etky prep\u00edna\u010de myslia, \u017ee s\u00fa kore\u0148ov\u00e9. Za\u010dn\u00fa pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 pakety BPDU. Akon\u00e1hle prep\u00edna\u010d prijme BPDU s men\u0161\u00edm Bridge ID, ako je jeho vlastn\u00fd, prestane sa pova\u017eova\u0165 za kore\u0148ov\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>ID mostu sa sklad\u00e1 z dvoch hodn\u00f4t \u2013 MAC adresy a Bridge Priority. MAC adresu nem\u00f4\u017eeme zmeni\u0165. Bridge Priority je predvolene nastaven\u00e9 na 32768. Ak nezmen\u00edme Bridge Priority, root switch sa stane prep\u00edna\u010dom s najni\u017e\u0161ou MAC adresou. Prep\u00edna\u010d s najni\u017e\u0161ou MAC adresou je najstar\u0161\u00ed a mo\u017eno aj menej v\u00fdkonn\u00fd. Odpor\u00fa\u010da sa manu\u00e1lne ur\u010di\u0165 root switch topol\u00f3gie. Na tento \u00fa\u010del je potrebn\u00e9 na root switchi nastavi\u0165 mal\u00e9 Bridge Priority (napr\u00edklad 0). Takisto je mo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010di\u0165 z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00fd root switch priraden\u00edm trochu vy\u0161\u0161ieho Bridge Priority (napr\u00edklad 4096).<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f5142141d67a8d8704b8caa5c4f20109.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>V\u00fdber cesty k root switchu<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Root switch rozosiela na v\u0161etky akt\u00edvne porty pakety BPDU. BPDU m\u00e1 pole Path Cost. Path Cost ozna\u010duje n\u00e1klady na cestu. \u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161ie s\u00fa n\u00e1klady na cestu, t\u00fdm dlh\u0161ie sa cez \u0148u pren\u00e1\u0161a paket. Ke\u010f BPDU prejde cez port, do po\u013ea Path Cost sa prid\u00e1vaj\u00fa n\u00e1klady. Pridan\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo sa naz\u00fdva Port Cost.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/99a7fa4cd3eec220285a4c83545d8bb4.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nK Path Cost sa prid\u00e1va ur\u010dit\u00e1 hodnota pri prechode BPDU cez niektor\u00fd port. T\u00e1to pridan\u00e1 hodnota sa naz\u00fdva Port Cost a m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ur\u010den\u00e1 ako ru\u010dne, tak aj automaticky. Port Cost m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ur\u010den\u00fd ako ru\u010dne, tak aj automaticky.<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f non-root switch m\u00e1 nieko\u013eko alternat\u00edvnych ciest k root switchu, vyberie si najr\u00fdchlej\u0161iu. Porovn\u00e1va Path Cost t\u00fdchto ciest. Ten port, z ktor\u00e9ho pri\u0161iel BPDU s najni\u017e\u0161\u00edm Path Cost, sa st\u00e1va root portom.<\/p>\n<p> <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/49817c79ddadb0019986b67568123739.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/c4bd719750839a627771aeee41b45ae5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/861e37223cc924163d9e71e9ff06bdb2.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nN\u00e1klady na porty, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa priraden\u00e9 automaticky, si m\u00f4\u017eete pozrie\u0165 v tabu\u013eke:<\/p>\n<p>R\u00fdchlos\u0165 prenosu d\u00e1t portu<br \/>\nN\u00e1klady na port<\/p>\n<p>10 Mb\/s<br \/>\n2 000 000<\/p>\n<p>100 Mb\/s<br \/>\n200 000<\/p>\n<p>1 Gb\/s<br \/>\n20 000<\/p>\n<p>10 Gb\/s<br \/>\n2 000<\/p>\n<p>\n<i>Roly a stavy portov<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Porty prep\u00edna\u010da maj\u00fa nieko\u013eko stavov a rol\u00ed portov.<\/p>\n<p><i>Stavy portov (pre STP):<\/i><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Disabled \u2013 neakt\u00edvny.<\/li>\n<li>Blocking \u2013 po\u010d\u00fava BPDU, ale-neprena\u0161aj\u00fa. \u00dadaje nepren\u00e1\u0161a.<\/li>\n<li>Listening \u2013 po\u010d\u00fava a pren\u00e1\u0161a BPDU. \u00dadaje nepren\u00e1\u0161a.<\/li>\n<li>Learning \u2013 po\u010d\u00fava a pren\u00e1\u0161a BPDU. Pripravuje sa na prenos \u00fadajov \u2014 pln\u00ed tabu\u013eku MAC adries.<\/li>\n<li>Forwarding \u2013 pren\u00e1\u0161a \u00fadaje, po\u010d\u00fava a pren\u00e1\u0161a BPDU.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u010cas convergence STP \u2013 30-50 sek\u00fand. Po zapnut\u00ed prep\u00edna\u010da v\u0161etky porty prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v\u0161etk\u00fdmi stavmi. V ka\u017edom stave port zotrv\u00e1va nieko\u013eko sek\u00fand. Z tohto d\u00f4vodu m\u00e1 STP tak dlh\u00fd \u010das convergence. RSTP m\u00e1 menej stavov portov.<\/p>\n<p>Stavy portov (pre RSTP):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Discarding \u2013 neakt\u00edvny.<\/li>\n<li>Discarding \u2013 po\u010d\u00fava BPDU, ale nepren\u00e1\u0161a. \u00dadaje nepren\u00e1\u0161a.<\/li>\n<li>Discarding \u2013 po\u010d\u00fava a pren\u00e1\u0161a BPDU. \u00dadaje nepren\u00e1\u0161a.<\/li>\n<li>Learning \u2013 po\u010d\u00fava a pren\u00e1\u0161a BPDU. Pripravuje sa na prenos \u00fadajov \u2014 pln\u00ed tabu\u013eku MAC adries.<\/li>\n<li>Forwarding \u2013 pren\u00e1\u0161a \u00fadaje, po\u010d\u00fava a pren\u00e1\u0161a BPDU.<\/li>\n<li>V RSTP s\u00fa stavy Disabled, Blocking a Listening zl\u00fa\u010den\u00e9 do jedn\u00e9ho \u2013 Discarding.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nRoly portov:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Root port \u2013 port, cez ktor\u00fd sa pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa \u00fadaje. Je to najr\u00fdchlej\u0161ia cesta k root switchu.<\/li>\n<li>Designated port \u2013 port, cez ktor\u00fd sa pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa \u00fadaje. Je ur\u010den\u00fd pre ka\u017ed\u00fd segment LAN.<\/li>\n<li>Alternate port \u2013 port, cez ktor\u00fd sa \u00fadaje nepren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa. Je to alternat\u00edvna cesta k root switchu.<\/li>\n<li>Backup port \u2013 port, cez ktor\u00fd sa \u00fadaje nepren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa. Je to z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00e1 cesta pre segment, kde je u\u017e pripojen\u00fd jeden port s podporou RSTP. Backup port sa pou\u017e\u00edva, ak s\u00fa dva kan\u00e1ly switcha pripojen\u00e9 k jedn\u00e9mu segmentu (teda hubu).<\/li>\n<li>Disabled port \u2013 na tomto porte je RSTP vypnut\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nVo\u013eba Root Port je pop\u00edsan\u00e1 vy\u0161\u0161ie. Ak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom sa vyber\u00e1 Designated port?<\/p>\n<p>Predov\u0161etk\u00fdm si definujme, \u010do je segment LAN. Segment LAN je kol\u00edzny <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/domain\/\"   title=\"dom\u00e9ny\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4076\">dom\u00e9ny<\/a>. Pre switch alebo router vytv\u00e1ra ka\u017ed\u00fd port samostatn\u00fa kol\u00edznu dom\u00e9nu. Segment LAN je kan\u00e1l medzi switchmi alebo routre. Ak hovor\u00edme o huboch, v\u0161etky porty hubu s\u00fa v jednej kol\u00edznej dom\u00e9ne.<\/p>\n<p>Na jeden segment je ur\u010den\u00fd iba jeden Designated Port.<\/p>\n<p>V pr\u00edpade segmentov, kde u\u017e existuj\u00fa Root Porty, je to jasn\u00e9. Druh\u00fd port segmentu sa st\u00e1va Designated Port.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/1699b684ba6d856905782ff8de3b90ac.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAle zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly, kde bude jeden Designated Port a jeden Alternate Port. Ako sa bud\u00fa vybera\u0165? Designated Port sa stane portom s najni\u017e\u0161\u00edm Path Cost k root switchu. Ak s\u00fa Path Costs rovnak\u00e9, Designated Port bude ten port, ktor\u00fd sa nach\u00e1dza na switchi s najni\u017e\u0161\u00edm Bridge ID. Ak s\u00fa aj Bridge ID rovnak\u00e9, Designated Port sa st\u00e1va portom s najni\u017e\u0161\u00edm \u010d\u00edslom. Druh\u00fd port bude Alternate.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/da1304c9922f1e2d738d66e543b3818e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/341ea14a428914bd0d86c7c79ad6dbcb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nZostal posledn\u00fd okamih: kedy je portu priraden\u00e1 \u00faloha Backup? Ako u\u017e bolo uveden\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161ie, Backup port sa pou\u017e\u00edva iba v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee s\u00fa dva kan\u00e1ly switcha pripojen\u00e9 k jedn\u00e9mu segmentu, teda k hubu. V tomto pr\u00edpade sa Designated Port vyber\u00e1 presne pod\u013ea t\u00fdch ist\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Najni\u017e\u0161\u00ed Path Cost k root switchu.<\/li>\n<li>Najni\u017e\u0161ie Bridge ID.<\/li>\n<li>Najni\u017e\u0161ie Port ID.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Maxim\u00e1lny po\u010det zariaden\u00ed v sieti<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u0160tandard IEEE 802.1D neud\u00e1va pr\u00edsne po\u017eiadavky na po\u010det zariaden\u00ed v LAN s RSTP. Av\u0161ak \u0161tandard odpor\u00fa\u010da pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 najviac 7 prep\u00edna\u010dov v jednom ramene (nie viac ako 7 skokov), teda najviac 15 v kruhu. Pri prekro\u010den\u00ed tejto hodnoty sa za\u010d\u00edna zvy\u0161ova\u0165 doba konvergencie siete.<\/p>\n<p><b>Podrobnosti o implement\u00e1cii ERR.<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i>\u010cas zhodnotenia<\/i><\/p>\n<p>Doba konvergencie ERR je 15 ms. Pri maxim\u00e1lnom po\u010dte prep\u00edna\u010dov v kruhu a pr\u00edtomnosti prepojenia kruhov \u2013 18 ms.<\/p>\n<p><i>Mo\u017en\u00e9 topol\u00f3gie<\/i><\/p>\n<p>ERR neumo\u017e\u0148uje vo\u013en\u00e9 sp\u00e1janie zariaden\u00ed ako RSTP. ERR m\u00e1 jasn\u00e9 topol\u00f3gie, ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kruh<\/li>\n<li>Duplicovan\u00fd kruh<\/li>\n<li>Prepojenie a\u017e troch kruhov<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a54a8f3717948eb9066e6940f064962d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Kruh<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f905a0d6a789fc16fb0fbaea5f47e861.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nKe\u010f s\u00fa v\u0161etky prep\u00edna\u010de v ERR spojen\u00e9 do jedn\u00e9ho kruhu, je potrebn\u00e9 na ka\u017edom prep\u00edna\u010di nastavi\u0165 porty, ktor\u00e9 sa z\u00fa\u010dastnia na vytvoren\u00ed kruhu.<\/p>\n<p><i>Dvojit\u00fd kruh<\/i><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/c578e1191b924f81d6cae1392f6b5fd5.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nPrep\u00edna\u010de m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 spojen\u00e9 do dvojit\u00e9ho kruhu, \u010do v\u00fdrazne zvy\u0161uje spo\u013eahlivos\u0165 kruhu.<\/p>\n<p>Obmedzenia dvojit\u00e9ho kruhu:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dvojit\u00fd kruh nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00fd na prepojenie prep\u00edna\u010dov s in\u00fdmi kruhmi. Na to je potrebn\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 Ring Coupling.<\/li>\n<li>Dvojit\u00fd kruh nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00fd pre kruh prepojenia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/53ac9708e0cb2bf015022a0b419fb0eb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0cb44b8e9256304cb9d75a98e9a43ec1.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Prepojenie kruhov<\/i><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3a140cd59223bd91d3871dd7d2b1710a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPri prepojen\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 v sieti maxim\u00e1lne 200 zariaden\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Prepojenie kruhov predpoklad\u00e1 sp\u00e1janie ostatn\u00fdch kruhov do e\u0161te jedn\u00e9ho kruhu.<\/p>\n<p>Ak je kruh pripojen\u00fd k kruhu prepojenia cez jeden prep\u00edna\u010d, naz\u00fdva sa to <b>prepojenie kruhov cez jeden prep\u00edna\u010d<\/b>. Ak s\u00fa k kruhu prepojenia pripojen\u00e9 dva prep\u00edna\u010de z lok\u00e1lneho kruhu, bude to <b>prepojenie cez dva prep\u00edna\u010de<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>Pri prepojen\u00ed cez jeden prep\u00edna\u010d s\u00fa akt\u00edvne oba porty na zariaden\u00ed. Doba konvergencie v tomto pr\u00edpade bude pribli\u017ene 15-17 ms. Pri takomto prepojen\u00ed bude prep\u00edna\u010d prepojenia bodom zlyhania, preto\u017ee stratou tohto prep\u00edna\u010da okam\u017eite zanikne cel\u00fd kruh. Prepojenie cez dva prep\u00edna\u010de toto riziko eliminuje.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0b92b7b888a08794e21d3d2e061fd23e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/46121d428a21674a437544be007ed00a.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nJe mo\u017en\u00e9 prepojova\u0165 duplicovan\u00e9 kruhy.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3864138dcc5e82b9e12753eef2292bbd.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\n<i>Path Control<\/i><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/177a49f38e69c754de7af0b36d0c62e0.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nFunkcia Path Control umo\u017e\u0148uje nastavi\u0165 porty, cez ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa d\u00e1ta pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00e9 v norm\u00e1lnom prev\u00e1dzkovom re\u017eime. Ak kan\u00e1l zlyh\u00e1 a sie\u0165 sa prestav\u00ed na z\u00e1lohov\u00fa topol\u00f3giu, po obnoven\u00ed kan\u00e1la sa sie\u0165 prestav\u00ed sp\u00e4\u0165 na zadan\u00fa topol\u00f3giu.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00e1to funkcia umo\u017e\u0148uje u\u0161etri\u0165 na n\u00e1hradnom k\u00e1ble. Navy\u0161e, v\u017edy bude zn\u00e1ma pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 topol\u00f3gia pre troubleshooting.<\/p>\n<p>Hlavn\u00e1 topol\u00f3gia prep\u00edna na n\u00e1hradn\u00fa za 15 ms. Obnovenie sp\u00e4\u0165 pri obnoven\u00ed siete bude trva\u0165 pribli\u017ene 30 ms.<\/p>\n<p>Obmedzenia:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00fd spolu s Dual Ring.<\/li>\n<li>Funkcia mus\u00ed by\u0165 zapnut\u00e1 na v\u0161etk\u00fdch prep\u00edna\u010doch v sieti.<\/li>\n<li>Jeden z prep\u00edna\u010dov je nastaven\u00fd ako hlavn\u00fd Path Control.<\/li>\n<li>Automatick\u00fd prechod na hlavn\u00fa topol\u00f3giu po obnoven\u00ed sa uskuto\u010d\u0148uje po 1 sekunde ako predvolen\u00e9 (t\u00fato hodnotu je mo\u017en\u00e9 zmeni\u0165 pomocou SNMP v rozmedz\u00ed 0-99 sek\u00fand).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<b>Princ\u00edp fungovania<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/15b569669736d2cf9c6b0c0598b843fe.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPrinc\u00edp \u010dinnosti ERR<\/p>\n<p>Pre pr\u00edklad zv\u00e1\u017eime \u0161es\u0165 prep\u00edna\u010dov \u2013 1-6. Prep\u00edna\u010de s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 do kruhu. Ka\u017ed\u00fd prep\u00edna\u010d vyu\u017e\u00edva dva porty na pripojenie k kruhu a uchov\u00e1va ich stavy. Prep\u00edna\u010de si navz\u00e1jom posielaj\u00fa stavy portov. Tieto \u00fadaje zariadenia pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na nastavenie po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9ho stavu portov.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/930fe8518756e8cf9acab76087c81198.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nPorty maj\u00fa iba dve \u00falohy \u2013 <b>Blocked<\/b> a <b>Forwarding<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>Prep\u00edna\u010d s najvy\u0161\u0161ou MAC adresou zablokuje svoj port. V\u0161etky ostatn\u00e9 porty v kruhu pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa d\u00e1ta.<\/p>\n<p>Ak zablokovan\u00fd port prestane fungova\u0165, \u010fal\u0161\u00ed port s najvy\u0161\u0161ou MAC adresou sa st\u00e1va zablokovan\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<p>Po \u0161tarte prep\u00edna\u010de za\u010dn\u00fa posiela\u0165 Ring Protocol Data Unit (R-PDU). R-PDU sa pren\u00e1\u0161a pomocou multicastu. R-PDU je servisn\u00e1 spr\u00e1va, rovnako ako BPDU v RSTP. R-PDU obsahuje stavy portov prep\u00edna\u010da a jeho MAC adresu. <\/p>\n<p><i>Algoritmus \u010dinnosti pri poruche kan\u00e1la<\/i><br \/>\nKe\u010f kan\u00e1l zlyh\u00e1, prep\u00edna\u010de posielaj\u00fa R-PDU na ozn\u00e1menie o zmene stavu portov.<\/p>\n<p><i>Algoritmus \u010dinnosti pri obnoven\u00ed kan\u00e1la<\/i><br \/>\nKe\u010f sa poruchov\u00fd kan\u00e1l uvedie do prev\u00e1dzky, prep\u00edna\u010de posielaj\u00fa R-PDU na ozn\u00e1menie o zmene stavu portov.<\/p>\n<p>Prep\u00edna\u010d s najvy\u0161\u0161ou MAC adresou sa st\u00e1va nov\u00fdm kore\u0148ov\u00fdm prep\u00edna\u010dom.<\/p>\n<p>Poruchov\u00fd kan\u00e1l sa st\u00e1va n\u00e1hradn\u00fdm.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/863a98f53a8792935ef492b2a798b8ef.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e0972cdee89606adec01a2924f907a8e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/3e873198ff0a68bd09627408ff465722.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/dff04828d8778263c4808ccd7594eefb.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/dfdb2a89ce223f0fa0eda950d411aaba.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPo obnoven\u00ed zostane jeden z portov kan\u00e1la zablokovan\u00fd, zatia\u013e \u010do druh\u00fd prejde do stavu forwarding. Zablokovan\u00fdm portom sa st\u00e1va port s najvy\u0161\u0161ou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou. Ak s\u00fa r\u00fdchlosti rovnak\u00e9, zablokovan\u00fd sa stane port prep\u00edna\u010da s najvy\u0161\u0161ou MAC adresou. Tento princ\u00edp umo\u017e\u0148uje zablokova\u0165 port, ktor\u00fd prejde zo stavu blocked do stavu forwarding s maxim\u00e1lnou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/911468a4eb3902af9ffc3bdc51958604.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\n<b>Maxim\u00e1lny po\u010det zariaden\u00ed v sieti<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Maxim\u00e1lny po\u010det prep\u00edna\u010dov v ERR kruhu je \u2013 200. <\/p>\n<p><b>Interakcie ERR a RSTP<\/b><\/p>\n<p>RSTP je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 v kombin\u00e1cii s ERR. Ale kruh RSTP a kruh ERR by sa mali prel\u00edna\u0165 iba cez jeden prep\u00edna\u010d.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ae522f0abf9c406542210fb8bce900fa.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\n<b>Zhrnutie<\/b><\/p>\n<p>ERR je vynikaj\u00faci pre organiz\u00e1ciu \u0161tandardn\u00fdch topol\u00f3gi\u00ed. Napr\u00edklad kruh alebo duplikovan\u00fd kruh.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/5924f05c3395ac6e220b8d70a6dba79d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/a2172fb28d3b37d01aea94d6673cc921.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nPodobn\u00e9 topol\u00f3gie sa \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na rezerv\u00e1ciu v priemyseln\u00fdch objektoch.<\/p>\n<p>Navy\u0161e, pomocou ERR je mo\u017en\u00e9 realizova\u0165 druh\u00fa topol\u00f3giu menej spo\u013eahlivo, ale za ni\u017e\u0161iu cenu. To mo\u017eno dosiahnu\u0165 pomocou duplikovan\u00e9ho kruhu.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/08441dd845733c46b7d0e00d7e6de37b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAle ERR nie je v\u017edy mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165. Existuj\u00fa dostato\u010dne exotick\u00e9 sch\u00e9my. S jedn\u00fdm z na\u0161ich z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov sme testovali nasleduj\u00facu topol\u00f3giu.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Podrobnosti implement\u00e1cie protokolov RSTP a propriet\u00e1rneho Extended Ring Redundancy\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e55fa8e688e2a66a44f36f854a2e4ad6.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\nV tomto pr\u00edpade nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 ERR. Pre t\u00fato sch\u00e9mu sme pou\u017eili RSTP. Z\u00e1kazn\u00edk mal pr\u00edsne po\u017eiadavky na \u010das konvergencie \u2013 menej ako 3 sekundy. Aby sme dosiahli tento \u010das, bolo potrebn\u00e9 presne ur\u010di\u0165 kore\u0148ov\u00e9 prep\u00edna\u010de (hlavn\u00fd a z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00fd) a tie\u017e n\u00e1klady na porty v manu\u00e1lnom re\u017eime.<\/p>\n<p>Ako v\u00fdsledok, ERR v\u00fdrazne vyhr\u00e1va v \u010dase konvergencie, ale ned\u00e1va tak\u00fa flexibilitu, ak\u00fa poskytuje RSTP.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/phoenix_contact\/blog\/460633\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b RSTP. \u0412 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b RSTP \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442 Phoenix Contact \u2013 Extended Ring Redundancy. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 RSTP \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u2013 1-10 c \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u2013 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e RSTP \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u043e: \u041d\u043e RSTP \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27236,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36394","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 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