{"id":36535,"date":"2019-10-31T22:12:11","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-ispolzovat-pam-moduli-dlya-lokalnoj-autentifikatsii-v-linux-po-klyucham-gost-2012-na-rutokene\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:12:11","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:11","slug":"kak-ispolzovat-pam-moduli-dlya-lokalnoj-autentifikatsii-v-linux-po-klyucham-gost-2012-na-rutokene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ispolzovat-pam-moduli-dlya-lokalnoj-autentifikatsii-v-linux-po-klyucham-gost-2012-na-rutokene","title":{"rendered":"Ako pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 PAM moduly na lok\u00e1lnu autentifik\u00e1ciu v Linuxe pomocou k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov GOST-2012 na Rutoken.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 PAM moduly na lok\u00e1lnu autentifik\u00e1ciu v Linuxe pomocou k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov GOST-2012 na Rutoken.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/e6656d4db027ab2705550726d5ab1908.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nJednoduch\u00e9 hesl\u00e1 neposkytuj\u00fa ochranu, zatia\u013e \u010do zlo\u017eit\u00e9 si nikto nem\u00f4\u017ee zapam\u00e4ta\u0165. Preto sa \u010dasto nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na n\u00e1lepk\u00e1ch pod kl\u00e1vesnicou alebo na monitore. Aby sa hesl\u00e1 udr\u017eali v mysliach \u201ezabudliv\u00fdch\u201c pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov a zabezpe\u010denie zostalo siln\u00e9, je na mieste dvojfaktorov\u00e1 autentifik\u00e1cia (2FA).<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>V\u010faka kombin\u00e1cii faktora vlastn\u00edctva zariadenia a znalosti jeho PIN k\u00f3du m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 samotn\u00fd PIN k\u00f3d jednoduch\u0161\u00ed a \u013eah\u0161ie zapam\u00e4tate\u013en\u00fd. Nedostatky v d\u013a\u017eke alebo n\u00e1hodnosti PIN k\u00f3du s\u00fa kompenzovan\u00e9 po\u017eiadavkou fyzick\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edctva a obmedzeniami na h\u00e1danie PIN k\u00f3du. <\/p>\n<p>Okrem toho, v \u0161t\u00e1tnych in\u0161tit\u00faci\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017eu po\u017eadova\u0165, aby v\u0161etko fungovalo pod\u013ea GOST. O takomto variante 2FA pre pr\u00edstup do Linuxu sa bude rozpr\u00e1va\u0165. Za\u010dnem z \u010faleka.<\/p>\n<h1>PAM moduly<\/h1>\n<p>\nPripojite\u013en\u00e9 autentifika\u010dn\u00e9 moduly (Pluggable Authentication Modules, PAM) s\u00fa moduly so \u0161tandardn\u00fdm API a realiz\u00e1ciami r\u00f4znych autentifika\u010dn\u00fdch mechanizmov v aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. <br \/>\nV\u0161etky n\u00e1stroje a aplik\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017eu pracova\u0165 s PAM, ich zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00fa a m\u00f4\u017eu ich pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na autentifik\u00e1ciu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea.<br \/>\nV praxi to funguje takto: pr\u00edkaz login sa obracia na PAM, ktor\u00fd vykon\u00e1 v\u0161etky potrebn\u00e9 kontroly pomocou modulov uveden\u00fdch v konfigura\u010dnom s\u00fabore a vr\u00e1ti v\u00fdsledok sp\u00e4\u0165 pr\u00edkazu login.<\/p>\n<h2>librtpam<\/h2>\n<p>\nModul vyvinut\u00fd spolo\u010dnos\u0165ou \u201eAktiv\u201c prid\u00e1va dvojfaktorov\u00fa autentifik\u00e1ciu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov pomocou smart kariet alebo USB tokenov s vyu\u017eit\u00edm asymetrick\u00fdch k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov pod\u013ea najnov\u0161\u00edch \u0161tandardov dom\u00e1cej kryptografie. <\/p>\n<p>Presk\u00famajme princ\u00edp jeho fungovania:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>na tokene je ulo\u017een\u00fd certifik\u00e1t pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea a jeho s\u00fakromn\u00fd k\u013e\u00fa\u010d;<\/li>\n<li>certifik\u00e1t je ulo\u017een\u00fd v domovskom adres\u00e1ri pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea ako d\u00f4veryhodn\u00fd.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Proces autentifik\u00e1cie prebieha nasledovne:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Na Rutokene sa vyh\u013ead\u00e1va osobn\u00fd certifik\u00e1t pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea.<\/li>\n<li>\u017diada sa PIN k\u00f3d tokenu.<\/li>\n<li>Prebieha podpisovanie n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u00fadajov s\u00fakromn\u00fdm k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom priamo v \u010dipe Rutokenu.<\/li>\n<li>Z\u00edskan\u00fd podpis je overen\u00fd pomocou verejn\u00e9ho k\u013e\u00fa\u010da z certifik\u00e1tu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea.<\/li>\n<li>Modul vracia volaj\u00facej aplik\u00e1cii v\u00fdsledok overenia podpisu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>M\u00f4\u017eete sa autentifikova\u0165 pod\u013ea k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov GOST R 34.10-2012 (d\u013a\u017eky 256 alebo 512 bitov) alebo zastaran\u00e9ho GOST R 34.10-2001. <\/p>\n<p>O bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov sa netreba ob\u00e1va\u0165 \u2013 s\u00fa generovan\u00e9 priamo v Rutokene a nikdy neop\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa jeho pam\u00e4\u0165 po\u010das kryptografick\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 PAM moduly na lok\u00e1lnu autentifik\u00e1ciu v Linuxe pomocou k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov GOST-2012 na Rutoken.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/61047962c9aee308d69553201e05203d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nRutoken ECP 2.0 je certifikovan\u00fd FSB a FSTEK pod\u013ea N\u00e1vodov 4, preto m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00fd v informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch, ktor\u00e9 spracov\u00e1vaj\u00fa d\u00f4vern\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie. <\/p>\n<h2>Praktick\u00e9 pou\u017eitie<\/h2>\n<p>\nVyhovuje prakticky ka\u017ed\u00e9mu modern\u00e9mu Linuxu, na pr\u00edklade budeme pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 xUbuntu 18.10.<\/p>\n<h3>1) In\u0161talujeme potrebn\u00e9 bal\u00edky<\/h3>\n<p>\n<code>sudo apt-get install libccid pcscd opensc<\/code><br \/>\nAk chcete prida\u0165 blokovanie pracovnej plochy pomocou spoza obrazovky \u2013 dodato\u010dne nain\u0161talujte bal\u00edk <code>libpam-pkcs11<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h3>2) Prid\u00e1me PAM modul s podporou GOST-ov<\/h3>\n<p>\nNa\u010d\u00edta\u0165 kni\u017enicu s <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/download.rutoken.ru\/Rutoken\/PAM\/\">https:\/\/download.rutoken.ru\/Rutoken\/PAM\/<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nSkop\u00edrujte obsah prie\u010dinka PAM librtpam.so.1.0.0 do syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho prie\u010dinka<br \/>\n<code>\/usr\/lib\/<\/code> alebo <code>\/usr\/lib\/x86_64-linux-gnu\/<\/code>alebo <code>\/usr\/lib64<\/code><\/p>\n<h3>3) Nain\u0161talujte bal\u00edk s librtpkcs11ecp.so<\/h3>\n<p>\nNa\u010d\u00edtajte a nain\u0161talujte DEB alebo RPM bal\u00edk pod\u013ea odkazu: <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rutoken.ru\/support\/download\/pkcs\/\">https:\/\/www.rutoken.ru\/support\/download\/pkcs\/<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>4) Skontrolujte, \u010di Rutoken ECP 2.0 funguje v syst\u00e9me<\/h3>\n<p>\nV termin\u00e1li vykonajte<br \/>\n<code>$ pkcs11-tool --module \/usr\/lib\/librtpkcs11ecp.so -T<\/code><br \/>\nAk uvid\u00edte riadok <code>Rutoken ECP<\/code> \u2013 znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee v\u0161etko je v poriadku.<\/p>\n<h3>5) Pre\u010d\u00edtame certifik\u00e1t<\/h3>\n<p>\nSkontrolujte, \u010di je na zariaden\u00ed certifik\u00e1t<br \/>\n<code>$ pkcs11-tool --module \/usr\/lib\/librtpkcs11ecp.so -O<\/code><br \/>\nAk sa po riadku:<br \/>\n<code>Using slot 0 with a present token (0x0)<\/code><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>zobraz\u00ed inform\u00e1cia<\/b> o k\u013e\u00fa\u010doch a certifik\u00e1toch, je potrebn\u00e9 pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 certifik\u00e1t a ulo\u017ei\u0165 ho na disk. Na to vykonajte nasleduj\u00faci pr\u00edkaz, kde namiesto {id} vlo\u017ete ID certifik\u00e1tu, ktor\u00e9 ste videli v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facom v\u00fdstupe:<br \/>\n<code>$ pkcs11-tool --module \/usr\/lib\/librtpkcs11ecp.so -r -y cert --id {id} --output-file cert.crt<\/code><br \/>\n V pr\u00edpade, \u017ee s\u00fabor cert.crt bol vytvoren\u00fd, prejdite k bodu 6).<\/li>\n<li><b>ni\u010d<\/b>, znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee zariadenie je pr\u00e1zdne. Obr\u00e1\u0165te sa na administr\u00e1tora alebo si sami vytvorte k\u013e\u00fa\u010de a certifik\u00e1t pod\u013ea nasleduj\u00faceho bodu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4>5.1) Vytvorte testovac\u00ed certifik\u00e1t<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Pozor! Op\u00edsan\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby vytv\u00e1rania k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov a certifik\u00e1tov s\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 na testovanie a nie s\u00fa ur\u010den\u00e9 na pou\u017eitie v re\u00e1lnych podmienkach. Na to je potrebn\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 k\u013e\u00fa\u010de a certifik\u00e1ty, ktor\u00e9 vydal d\u00f4veryhodn\u00fd certifika\u010dn\u00fd \u00farad va\u0161ej organiz\u00e1cie alebo akreditovan\u00fd certifika\u010dn\u00fd \u00farad.<br \/>\nPAM modul je vytvoren\u00fd na ochranu miestnych po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov a predpoklad\u00e1 pr\u00e1cu v mal\u00fdch organiz\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Ke\u010f\u017ee je m\u00e1lo pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, administr\u00e1tor m\u00f4\u017ee s\u00e1m sledova\u0165 odvolanie certifik\u00e1tov a manu\u00e1lne blokova\u0165 \u00fa\u010dty, ako aj term\u00edny platnosti certifik\u00e1tov. PAM modul zatia\u013e nevie overova\u0165 certifik\u00e1ty cez CRL a budova\u0165 re\u0165azce d\u00f4very.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h4>Jednoduch\u00fd sp\u00f4sob (cez prehliada\u010d)<\/h4>\n<p>\nNa z\u00edskanie testovacieho certifik\u00e1tu pou\u017eite <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ra.rutoken.ru\/\">webov\u00fa slu\u017ebu \u201eCentrum registr\u00e1cie Rutoken\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>. Proces zaberie nie viac ako 5 min\u00fat.<\/p>\n<h4>Cesta geeka (cez konzolu a mo\u017eno aj kompil\u00e1tor)<\/h4>\n<p>\n<b>Skontrolujte verziu OpenSC <\/b><br \/>\n<code>$ opensc-tool --version<\/code><br \/>\nAk je verzia ni\u017e\u0161ia ako 0.20, aktualizujte sa alebo zostavte <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/AktivCo\/OpenSC\/tree\/gostr3410-2012\/\">vetvu pkcs11-tool s podporou GOST-2012<\/a><\/noindex> z n\u00e1\u0161ho GitHubu (v \u010dase vydania tohto \u010dl\u00e1nku verzia 0.20 e\u0161te nebola vydan\u00e1) alebo z vetvy master hlavn\u00e9ho projektu OpenSC najnesk\u00f4r <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/OpenSC\/OpenSC\/tree\/8cf1e6f769b36bdcadc3958574305b90e88c816d\">komitu 8cf1e6f<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Generujeme k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd p\u00e1r s parametrami:<br \/>\n<code>--key-type: GOSTR3410-2012-512:A (GOST-2012 512 bit s parametrami A), GOSTR3410-2012-256:A (GOST-2012 256 bit s parametrami A)<\/code><\/p>\n<p><code>--id: <\/code> identifik\u00e1tor objektu (CKA_ID) vo forme dvojcifern\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsiel v hex zo tabu\u013eky ASCII. Pou\u017eite iba ASCII k\u00f3dy tla\u010den\u00fdch znakov, preto\u017ee id bude potrebn\u00e9 odovzda\u0165 OpenSSL vo forme re\u0165azca. Napr\u00edklad, ASCII k\u00f3dom \u201e3132\u201c zodpoved\u00e1 re\u0165azec \u201e12\u201c. <b> Pre pohodlie m\u00f4\u017eete vyu\u017ei\u0165 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rapidtables.com\/convert\/number\/ascii-to-hex.html\">online slu\u017ebu na konverziu re\u0165azca na ASCII k\u00f3dy<\/a><\/noindex><\/b>.<\/p>\n<p><code>$ .\/pkcs11-tool --module \/usr\/lib\/librtpkcs11ecp.so --keypairgen --key-type GOSTR3410-2012-512:A -l --id 3132<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u010ealej budeme vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 certifik\u00e1t. Ni\u017e\u0161ie bud\u00fa op\u00edsan\u00e9 dva sp\u00f4soby: prv\u00fd cez CA (pou\u017eijeme testovacie CA), druh\u00fd \u2013 samo-podpisan\u00fd. Na to najprv mus\u00edme nain\u0161talova\u0165 a nastavi\u0165 OpenSSL verzie 1.1 alebo nov\u0161ej na pr\u00e1cu s Rutokenom cez \u0161peci\u00e1lny modul rtengine pod\u013ea pr\u00edru\u010dky. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/dev.rutoken.ru\/display\/PUB\/%D0%A3%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0+OpenSSL\">In\u0161tal\u00e1cia a nastavenie OpenSSL<\/a><\/noindex>.<br \/>\nNapr\u00edklad: pre \u201a-<code>-id 3132<\/code>' v OpenSSL je potrebn\u00e9 uvies\u0165 \u00ab<code>pkcs11:id=12<\/code>&#171;. <\/p>\n<p>M\u00f4\u017eete vyu\u017ei\u0165 slu\u017eby testovacieho CA, ktor\u00fdch je ve\u013ea, napr\u00edklad, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cryptopro.ru\/solutions\/test-ca\">tu<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/testcert.infotecs.ru\/\">tu <\/a><\/noindex>a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/soft.lissi.ru\/services\/test_ca\/\">tu<\/a><\/noindex>, preto vytvor\u00edme \u017eiados\u0165 o certifik\u00e1t<\/p>\n<p>Inou mo\u017enos\u0165ou je vzda\u0165 sa lenivosti a vytvori\u0165 samo-podpisan\u00fd<br \/>\n<code>$ openssl req -utf8 <b>-new<\/b> -keyform engine -key \"pkcs11:id=12\" -engine rtengine -out req.csr<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Nahr\u00e1vame certifik\u00e1t na zariadenie<br \/>\n<code>$ openssl req -utf8 <b>-x509<\/b> -keyform engine -key \"pkcs11:id=12\" -engine rtengine -out cert.cer<\/code><\/p>\n<h3>6) Registrujeme certifik\u00e1t v syst\u00e9me<\/h3>\n<p>\nUistite sa, \u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 certifik\u00e1t vyzer\u00e1 ako base64 s\u00fabor:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 PAM moduly na lok\u00e1lnu autentifik\u00e1ciu v Linuxe pomocou k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov GOST-2012 na Rutoken.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/83a7e25541041d02365141e682bd4635.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nAk v\u00e1\u0161 certifik\u00e1t vyzer\u00e1 takto:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 PAM moduly na lok\u00e1lnu autentifik\u00e1ciu v Linuxe pomocou k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov GOST-2012 na Rutoken.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/f385e4e288a49acfb2c54be4c24749e7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nje potrebn\u00e9 konvertova\u0165 certifik\u00e1t z form\u00e1tu DER do PEM form\u00e1tu (base64)<\/p>\n<p><code>$ openssl x509 -in cert.crt -out cert.pem -inform DER -outform PEM<\/code><br \/>\nZnova kontrolujeme, \u017ee teraz je v\u0161etko v poriadku.<\/p>\n<p>Prid\u00e1me certifik\u00e1t do zoznamu d\u00f4veryhodn\u00fdch certifik\u00e1tov<br \/>\n<code>$ mkdir ~\/.eid<br \/>\n$ chmod 0755 ~\/.eid<br \/>\n$ cat cert.pem &gt;&gt; ~\/.eid\/authorized_certificates<br \/>\n$ chmod 0644 ~\/.eid\/authorized_certificates<\/code><br \/>\nPosledn\u00fd riadok chr\u00e1ni zoznam d\u00f4veryhodn\u00fdch certifik\u00e1tov pred n\u00e1hodnou alebo \u00famyselnou zmenou in\u00fdmi pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013emi. To vylu\u010duje situ\u00e1ciu, kedy niekto prid\u00e1 svoj certifik\u00e1t a m\u00f4\u017ee sa prihl\u00e1si\u0165 do syst\u00e9mu va\u0161\u00edm menom.<\/p>\n<h3>7) Nastavujeme autentifik\u00e1ciu <\/h3>\n<p>\nNastavenie n\u00e1\u0161ho modulu PAM je \u00faplne \u0161tandardn\u00e9 a rob\u00ed sa presne tak, ako nastavenia in\u00fdch modulov. Vytvor\u00edme s\u00fabor <code>\/usr\/share\/pam-configs\/rutoken-gost-pam<\/code> obsahuj\u00faci \u00fapln\u00fd n\u00e1zov modulu, \u010di je predvolene povolen\u00fd, prioritu modulu a parametre autentifik\u00e1cie.<br \/>\nV parametroch autentifik\u00e1cie s\u00fa po\u017eiadavky na \u00faspe\u0161nos\u0165 oper\u00e1cie:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>required (povinn\u00fd): tak\u00e9to moduly musia vr\u00e1ti\u0165 kladn\u00fa odpove\u010f. Ak v\u00fdsledok volania modulu obsahuje z\u00e1porn\u00fa odpove\u010f, vedie to k chybe autentifik\u00e1cie. Po\u017eiadavka bude zamietnut\u00e1, ale ostatn\u00e9 moduly sa bud\u00fa vola\u0165.<\/li>\n<li>requisite (nevyhnutn\u00fd): podobn\u00fd ako required, ale okam\u017eite vedie k zlyhaniu autentifik\u00e1cie a ignoruje ostatn\u00e9 moduly.<\/li>\n<li>sufficient (posta\u010duj\u00faci): ak pred tak\u00fdmto modulom \u017eiaden z povinn\u00fdch alebo posta\u010duj\u00facich modulov nevr\u00e1til z\u00e1porn\u00fd v\u00fdsledok, modul vr\u00e1ti kladn\u00fa odpove\u010f. Zvy\u0161n\u00e9 moduly bud\u00fa ignorovan\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>optional (\u010fal\u0161\u00ed): ak v z\u00e1sobn\u00edku nie s\u00fa moduly required a \u017eiaden z modulov sufficient nevr\u00e1til kladn\u00fd v\u00fdsledok, aspo\u0148 jeden z modulov optional mus\u00ed vr\u00e1ti\u0165 kladn\u00fa odpove\u010f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u00dapln\u00fd obsah s\u00faboru <code>\/usr\/share\/pam-configs\/rutoken-gost-pam<\/code>:<br \/>\n<code>N\u00e1zov: Rutoken PAM GOST<br \/>\nPredvolen\u00e9: \u00e1no<br \/>\nPriorita: 800<br \/>\nTyp autentifik\u00e1cie: Prim\u00e1rny<br \/>\nAutentifik\u00e1cia: dostato\u010dn\u00e1 \/usr\/lib\/librtpam.so.1.0.0 \/usr\/lib\/librtpkcs11ecp.so<\/code><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 PAM moduly na lok\u00e1lnu autentifik\u00e1ciu v Linuxe pomocou k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov GOST-2012 na Rutoken.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/804bd960918413e2134617b2ce31f0af.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nulo\u017e\u00edme s\u00fabor, potom vykon\u00e1me<br \/>\n<code>$ sudo pam-auth-update<\/code><br \/>\nv objave okne umiestnime hviezdi\u010dku ved\u013ea <b>Rutoken PAM GOST<\/b> a klikneme na <b>OK<\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 PAM moduly na lok\u00e1lnu autentifik\u00e1ciu v Linuxe pomocou k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov GOST-2012 na Rutoken.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/2fb2e020c943ef3a22f09985a939a1c9.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>8) Kontrolujeme nastavenie <\/h3>\n<p>\nAby sme si overili, \u017ee je v\u0161etko nastaven\u00e9, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 nestratili mo\u017enos\u0165 prihl\u00e1senia, zadajte pr\u00edkaz<br \/>\n<code>$ sudo login<\/code><br \/>\nZadajte meno pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. V\u0161etko je spr\u00e1vne nastaven\u00e9, ak syst\u00e9m vy\u017eaduje PIN k\u00f3d zariadenia.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 PAM moduly na lok\u00e1lnu autentifik\u00e1ciu v Linuxe pomocou k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov GOST-2012 na Rutoken.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/2501ca77a0c881ebb9fe588031a2c8ef.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>9) Nastavujeme blokovanie po\u010d\u00edta\u010da pri vybrat\u00ed tokenu<\/h3>\n<p>\nS\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou bal\u00edka <code>libpam-pkcs11<\/code> je n\u00e1stroj <code>pkcs11_eventmgr,<\/code> ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vykon\u00e1va\u0165 r\u00f4zne akcie pri vzniku udalost\u00ed PKCS#11.<br \/>\nNa nastavenie <code>pkcs11_eventmgr<\/code> sl\u00fa\u017ei konfigura\u010dn\u00fd s\u00fabor: <code>\/etc\/pam_pkcs11\/pkcs11_eventmgr.conf<\/code><br \/>\n<i>Pre r\u00f4zne distrib\u00facie Linuxu sa bude pr\u00edkaz, ktor\u00fd vyvol\u00e1va zablokovanie \u00fa\u010dtu pri vybrat\u00ed smart kariet alebo tokenu, l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165. Pozri. <code>event card_remove<\/code>.<\/i><br \/>\nPr\u00edklad konfigura\u010dn\u00e9ho s\u00faboru je uveden\u00fd ni\u017e\u0161ie:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"xml\">pkcs11_eventmgr\n{\n    # Spustenie na pozad\u00ed\n    daemon = true;\n     \n    # Nastavenie spr\u00e1v o laden\u00ed\n    debug = false;\n \n    # \u010cas polling v sekund\u00e1ch\n    polling_time = 1;\n \n    # Nastavenie timeoutu na odstr\u00e1nenie karty\n    # Predvolene 0\n    expire_time = 0;\n \n    # V\u00fdber pkcs11 kni\u017enice na pr\u00e1cu s RUTOKEN\n    pkcs11_module = usr\/lib\/librtpkcs11ecp.so;\n \n    # Akcie s kartou\n    # Karta bola vlo\u017een\u00e1:\n    event card_insert {\n        # Nech\u00e1me predvolen\u00e9 hodnoty (ni\u010d sa nedeje)\n        on_error = ignore ;\n \n        action = \"\/bin\/false\";\n    }\n \n    # Karta bola vybran\u00e1\n    event card_remove {\n        on_error = ignore;\n         \n        # Vyvol\u00e1me funkciu blokovania obrazovky\n        \n        # Pre GNOME \n        action = \"dbus-send --type=method_call --dest=org.gnome.ScreenSaver \/org\/gnome\/ScreenSaver org.gnome.ScreenSaver.Lock\";\n        \n        # Pre XFCE\n        # action = \"xflock4\";\n        \n        # Pre Astra Linux (FLY)\n        # action = \"fly-wmfunc FLYWM_LOCK\";\n    }\n \n    # Karta bola dlh\u00fa dobu vybran\u00e1\n    event expire_time {\n        # Nech\u00e1me predvolen\u00e9 hodnoty (ni\u010d sa nedeje)\n        on_error = ignore;\n \n        action = \"\/bin\/false\";\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Potom pridajte aplik\u00e1ciu <code>pkcs11_eventmgr<\/code> do automatick\u00e9ho sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania. Na to upravte s\u00fabor .bash_profile:<br \/>\n<code>$ nano \/home\/<u>\/.bash_profile<\/code><br \/>\nNa koniec s\u00faboru pridajte riadok pkcs11_eventmgr a re\u0161tartujte sa.<\/p>\n<p><b>Op\u00edsan\u00e9 kroky na nastavenie opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e9 ako n\u00e1vod v akomko\u013evek modernom distrib\u00fate Linuxu, vr\u00e1tane dom\u00e1cich. <\/b><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ako pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 PAM moduly na lok\u00e1lnu autentifik\u00e1ciu v Linuxe pomocou k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov GOST-2012 na Rutoken.\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/ec235d0d0d50e23fbf09d4849d1fdd11.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1ver <\/h2>\n<p>\nPC s Linuxom v rusk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tnych \u0161trukt\u00farach sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa st\u00e1le popul\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00edmi a nastavi\u0165 spo\u013eahliv\u00fa dvojfaktorov\u00fa autentifik\u00e1ciu v tejto OS nie je v\u017edy jednoduch\u00e9. Radi by sme touto pr\u00edru\u010dkou pomohli vyrie\u0161i\u0165 \"probl\u00e9m hesiel\" a spo\u013eahlivo ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 pr\u00edstup k PC bez ve\u013ek\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch n\u00e1rokov.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/aktiv-company\/blog\/461199\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u201c\u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0447\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445\u201d \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0451\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u2013 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f (2\u0424\u0410). \u0411\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e PIN-\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u0430\u043c PIN-\u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0447\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27347,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\".\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-ispolzovat-pam-moduli-dlya-lokalnoj-autentifikatsii-v-linux-po-klyucham-gost-2012-na-rutokene\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" 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