{"id":36602,"date":"2019-10-31T22:12:37","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/epos-o-sistemnyh-administratorah-kak-vymirayushhem-vide\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:12:37","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:37","slug":"epos-o-sistemnyh-administratorah-kak-vymirayushhem-vide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/epos-o-sistemnyh-administratorah-kak-vymirayushhem-vide","title":{"rendered":"Epos o syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1toroch ako vyhynutom druhu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Syst\u00e9mov\u00ed administr\u00e1tori cel\u00e9ho sveta, blahop\u017eel\u00e1me v\u00e1m k v\u00e1\u0161mu profesion\u00e1lnemu sviatku!<\/p>\n<p>U n\u00e1s u\u017e takmer \u017eiadni syst\u00e9mov\u00ed administr\u00e1tori nezostali. Ale legenda o nich je st\u00e1le \u017eiv\u00e1. Na po\u010des\u0165 sviatku sme pripravili tento epos. Upravte sa pohodlne, drah\u00ed \u010ditatelia.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Epos o syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1toroch ako vyhynutom druhu\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/33498c7af4e84e087ab11e3725131011.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nKedysi bol svet Dodo IS v plame\u0148och. V t\u00fdch temn\u00fdch \u010dasoch bola hlavnou \u00falohou na\u0161ich syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1torov pre\u017ei\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00ed de\u0148 a nezaplaka\u0165. <\/p>\n<p>Kedysi program\u00e1tori p\u00edsali k\u00f3d zriedka a pomaly a uvo\u013e\u0148ovali ho na produkciu len raz za t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148. Tak vznikali probl\u00e9my len raz za sedem dn\u00ed. Ale potom za\u010dali p\u00edsa\u0165 viac k\u00f3du a uvo\u013e\u0148ova\u0165 ho \u010dastej\u0161ie, probl\u00e9my sa za\u010dali hromadi\u0165, a niekedy sa v\u0161etko za\u010dalo rozpad\u00e1va\u0165 a roll-backy sa st\u00e1vali \u0165a\u017e\u0161\u00edmi. Syst\u00e9mov\u00ed administr\u00e1tori trpeli, ale zn\u00e1\u0161ali tento chaos. <\/p>\n<p>Sedeli ve\u010der doma s \u00fazkos\u0165ou v du\u0161i. A zaka\u017ed\u00fdm sa stalo \u201anikdy nebolo, a teraz op\u00e4\u0165 monitorovanie posiela sign\u00e1l na pomoc: \u010clovek, svet je v plame\u0148och!\u2018. Vtedy si na\u0161ich admini obliekli svoje \u010derven\u00e9 pl\u00e1\u0161te, \u0161ortky na leg\u00edny, urobili ku\u010deru na \u010dele a leteli zachr\u00e1ni\u0165 svet Dodo. <\/p>\n<p>Pozor, mal\u00e9 objasnenie. Klasick\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1torov, ktor\u00ed obsluhovali hardv\u00e9r, v Dodo IS nikdy nebolo. Hne\u010f sme mali pokro\u010dil\u00fdch na cloudov\u00fdch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch Azure. <\/p>\n<p>\u010comu sa teda venovali:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ak sa nie\u010do pokazilo, napravili to;<\/li>\n<li>na expertnom \u00farovni \u017eonglovali so servermi;<\/li>\n<li>zodpovedali za virtu\u00e1lnu sie\u0165 v Azure; <\/li>\n<li>zodpovedali za n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ov\u00e9 veci, napr\u00edklad interakcie komponentov (*\u0161eptom* v ktor\u00fdch niekedy v\u00f4bec nerozumeli);<\/li>\n<li>reconnectovan\u00edm serverov;<\/li>\n<li>a mnoh\u00fdm \u010fal\u0161\u00edm divok\u00fdm veciam.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u017divot t\u00edmu infra\u0161trukt\u00farnych in\u017einierov (tak sme volali na\u0161ich sysadminov) vtedy pozost\u00e1val z hasenia po\u017eiarov a ve\u010dne sa rozpad\u00e1vaj\u00facich testovac\u00edch prostred\u00ed. \u017dili a trpeli, a potom sa rozhodli zamyslie\u0165: \u010do je na tom zl\u00e9, a nemohli by sme urobi\u0165 nie\u010do lep\u0161ie? Napr\u00edklad, nebudeme rozde\u013eova\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed na program\u00e1torov a sysadminov?<\/p>\n<h2>\u00daloha <\/h2>\n<p>\n<b>Dan\u00e9:<\/b> je tu sysadmin, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 na starosti servery, sie\u0165, ktor\u00e1 ho sp\u00e1ja s in\u00fdmi servermi, a infra\u0161trukt\u00farne programy (webov\u00fd server, ktor\u00fd host\u00ed aplik\u00e1ciu, syst\u00e9m spr\u00e1vy datab\u00e1z at\u010f.). A potom je tu program\u00e1tor, ktor\u00e9ho zodpovednos\u0165ou je funguj\u00faci k\u00f3d. <\/p>\n<p>Existuj\u00fa veci, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa na rozhran\u00ed. \u010cia je to teda zodpovednos\u0165? <\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1ve na tomto rozhran\u00ed sa \u010dasto stretli na\u0161i administr\u00e1tori a program\u00e1tori a za\u010dalo sa: <\/p>\n<p>\u2013 Chlapi, ni\u010d nefunguje, asi je to kv\u00f4li infra\u0161trukt\u00fare.<br \/>\n\u2013 Chlapi, ale nie, probl\u00e9m je v k\u00f3de. <\/p>\n<p>Raz v tomto okamihu medzi nimi za\u010dal r\u00e1s\u0165 plot, cez ktor\u00fd si radostne h\u00e1dzali hnoj. \u00dalohu, ako hnoj, prehadzovali z jednej strany plota na druh\u00fa. Pri tom sa nikto nepribli\u017eoval k rie\u0161eniu situ\u00e1cie. Smutn\u00fd smajl\u00edk.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00fa\u010d slnka prenikol zamra\u010den\u00e9 nebo, ke\u010f pred nieko\u013ek\u00fdmi rokmi v Google vymysleli, \u017ee sa nebud\u00fa prehadzova\u0165 \u00falohami, ale namiesto toho urobia spolo\u010dn\u00fa pr\u00e1cu. <\/p>\n<h2>A \u010do ak by sme v\u0161etko popsali ako k\u00f3d? <\/h2>\n<p>\nV roku 2016 Google vydal kni\u017eo\u010dku \"Site Reliability Engineering\" o transform\u00e1cii \u00falohy syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora: od m\u00e1ga k form\u00e1lnemu in\u017einierskemu pr\u00edstupu pri vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed softv\u00e9ru a automatiz\u00e1cie. Pre\u0161li si v\u0161etk\u00fdmi stras\u0165ami a prek\u00e1\u017ekami, nau\u010dili sa a rozhodli sa podeli\u0165 o to s svetom. Kniha je vo vo\u013enom pr\u00edstupe. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/landing.google.com\/sre\/books\/\">tu<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n<p>V knihe s\u00fa zakomponovan\u00e9 jednoduch\u00e9 pravdy: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>robi\u0165 v\u0161etko ako k\u00f3d \u2013 je dobr\u00e9;<\/li>\n<li>pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 in\u017einiersky pr\u00edstup \u2013 je dobr\u00e9;<\/li>\n<li>robi\u0165 dobr\u00fd monitoring \u2013 je dobr\u00e9;<\/li>\n<li>nedovoli\u0165 slu\u017ebe by\u0165 vydanou, ak nem\u00e1 jasn\u00e9 logovanie a monitoring \u2013 to je tie\u017e dobr\u00e9. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTieto praktiky si pre\u010d\u00edtal n\u00e1\u0161 Gleb (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/users\/entropy\/\" class=\"user_link\">entropy<\/a><\/noindex>), a to sa rozbehlo. Zav\u00e1dzame! Teraz sa nach\u00e1dzame v prechodnej f\u00e1ze. T\u00edm SRE je vytvoren\u00fd (m\u00e1me 6 pripraven\u00fdch odborn\u00edkov, \u010fal\u0161\u00edch 6 prech\u00e1dza onboardingu) a s\u00fa pripraven\u00ed meni\u0165 svet, ktor\u00fd sa \u00faplne sklad\u00e1 z k\u00f3du, k lep\u0161iemu.<\/p>\n<p>Vytv\u00e1rame na\u0161u infra\u0161trukt\u00faru tak, aby dali v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rom mo\u017enos\u0165 \u00faplne samostatne spravova\u0165 svoje prostredia a zaobera\u0165 sa kolabor\u00e1ciou so SRE.<\/p>\n<h2>Predpoklad\u00e1me miesto z\u00e1verov<\/h2>\n<p>\nSyst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor je d\u00f4stojn\u00e1 profesia. Ale k znalostiam syst\u00e9movej \u010dasti s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 aj skvel\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti softv\u00e9rov\u00e9ho in\u017einierstva. <\/p>\n<p>Syst\u00e9my sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa \u010doraz jednoduch\u0161\u00edmi a superjedine\u010dn\u00e9 znalosti o spr\u00e1ve hardv\u00e9rov\u00fdch serverov sa ka\u017ed\u00fdm rokom st\u00e1vaj\u00fa menej po\u017eadovan\u00fdmi. Cloudov\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie eliminuj\u00fa potrebu t\u00fdchto znalost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Dobr\u00fd admin v bl\u00edzkej bud\u00facnosti by mal ma\u0165 slu\u0161n\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti v softv\u00e9rovom in\u017einierstve. A e\u0161te lep\u0161ie, ak by mal dobr\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti v tejto oblasti.<\/p>\n<p>Nikto nevie predpoveda\u0165 bud\u00facnos\u0165, a\u017e k\u00fdm nenastane, ale ver\u00edme, \u017ee s \u010dasom bud\u00fa \u010doraz menej a menej firiem, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa chcie\u0165 neust\u00e1le zvy\u0161ova\u0165 po\u010det syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1torov. Samozrejme, zostan\u00fa aj nad\u0161enci. Dnes u\u017e len m\u00e1lo kto jazd\u00ed na ko\u0148och, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina pou\u017e\u00edva aut\u00e1, hoci nad\u0161encov sa n\u00e1jde\u2026 <\/p>\n<p>V\u0161etk\u00fdm prajeme de\u0148 administr\u00e1torov, v\u0161etk\u00fdm k\u00f3d!<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dodopizzaio\/blog\/461447\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c! \u0423 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c (\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438). \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u043e. \u0412 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0441. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0439, \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438. Once upon a time \u043c\u0438\u0440 Dodo IS \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432 \u043e\u0433\u043d\u0435. \u0412 \u0442\u043e \u0442\u0451\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27407,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c! 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U n\u00e1s syst\u00e9mov\u00ed administr\u00e1tori u\u017e takmer nie s\u00fa (nu\u017e, takmer). 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