{"id":36635,"date":"2019-10-31T22:12:47","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/utilizatsiya-tepla-dymovyh-gazov-ekologiya-s-vygodoj\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:12:47","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:12:47","slug":"utilizatsiya-tepla-dymovyh-gazov-ekologiya-s-vygodoj","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/utilizatsiya-tepla-dymovyh-gazov-ekologiya-s-vygodoj","title":{"rendered":"Vyu\u017eitie tepla z odpadov\u00fdch plynov: ekol\u00f3gia s v\u00fdhodou","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pri h\u013eadan\u00ed sp\u00f4sobov, ako zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 efektivitu podnikov energetick\u00e9ho sektora, ako aj in\u00fdch priemyseln\u00fdch objektov, na ktor\u00fdch sa vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa zariadenia spa\u013euj\u00face fos\u00edlne paliv\u00e1 (parn\u00e9, vodn\u00e9 kotly, technologick\u00e9 pece a pod.), ot\u00e1zka vyu\u017eitia potenci\u00e1lu spalin sa nezoh\u013ead\u0148uje na prvom mieste.<\/p>\n<p>Medzit\u00fdm, opieraj\u00fac sa o existuj\u00face normy v\u00fdpo\u010dtu, vyvinut\u00e9 pred desiatkami rokov, a ust\u00e1len\u00e9 \u0161tandardy vo\u013eby k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch ukazovate\u013eov v\u00fdkonu tak\u00fdchto zariaden\u00ed, prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 organiz\u00e1cie str\u00e1caj\u00fa peniaze, doslova odosielaj\u00fac ich do kom\u00edna a s\u00fa\u010dasne zhor\u0161uj\u00face ekologick\u00fa situ\u00e1ciu na glob\u00e1lnej \u00farovni.<\/p>\n<p>Ak ste, rovnako ako t\u00edm &#171;<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/1-engineer.ru\/\">Prv\u00e9ho in\u017einiera<\/a><\/noindex>&#171;, aj vy pova\u017eujete za nespr\u00e1vne prepusti\u0165 pr\u00edle\u017eitos\u0165 postara\u0165 sa o \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie a zdravie obyvate\u013eov v\u00e1\u0161ho mesta s v\u00fdhodou pre rozpo\u010det podniku, pre\u010d\u00edtajte si \u010dl\u00e1nok o tom, ako premeni\u0165 spa\u013eovacie plyny na energetick\u00fd zdroj.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vyu\u017eitie tepla z odpadov\u00fdch plynov: ekol\u00f3gia s v\u00fdhodou\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/0be3b38d5840ba0d3b7d71880b2ff28e.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Sk\u00famame \u0161tandardy<\/h2>\n<p>\nK\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm parametrom, ktor\u00fd ur\u010duje \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 kotlov\u00e9ho zariadenia, je teplota odch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich plynov. Teplo straten\u00e9 s odch\u00e1dzaj\u00facimi plynami je v\u00fdznamnou \u010das\u0165ou v\u0161etk\u00fdch tepelne str\u00e1t (spolu so stratami tepla z chemick\u00e9ho a mechanick\u00e9ho nedop\u00e1lenia paliva, stratami s fyzick\u00fdm teplom strusky, ako aj \u00fanikmi tepla do okolia v d\u00f4sledku vonkaj\u0161ieho chladenia). Tieto straty maj\u00fa rozhoduj\u00faci vplyv na hospod\u00e1rnos\u0165 prev\u00e1dzky kotla a zni\u017euj\u00fa jeho \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165. Tak\u017ee ch\u00e1peme, \u017ee \u010d\u00edm je teplota spalin ni\u017e\u0161ia, t\u00fdm je \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 kotla vy\u0161\u0161ia.<\/p>\n<p>Optim\u00e1lna teplota odch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich plynov pre r\u00f4zne druhy paliva a prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 parametre kotla sa ur\u010duje na z\u00e1klade technicko-ekonomick\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010dtov u\u017e na najskor\u0161\u00edch etap\u00e1ch jeho vytvorenia. Pri tom sa maxim\u00e1lne u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie tepla odch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich plynov tradi\u010dne dosahuje zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm ve\u013ekost\u00ed konvek\u010dn\u00fdch vykurovac\u00edch pl\u00f4ch, ako aj rozvojom zadn\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch \u2013 vodn\u00fdch ekonomiz\u00e9rov, regenera\u010dn\u00fdch vzduchov\u00fdch ohrieva\u010dov.<\/p>\n<p>Ale aj napriek implement\u00e1cii technol\u00f3gi\u00ed a zariaden\u00ed na \u010do naj\u00faplnej\u0161ie vyu\u017eitie tepla, teplota odch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich plynov pod\u013ea platnej normat\u00edvnej dokument\u00e1cie by mala by\u0165 v rozmedz\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>120-180 \u00b0C pre kotly na pevn\u00e9 palivo (v z\u00e1vislosti od vlhkosti paliva a pracovn\u00fdch parametrov kotla),<\/li>\n<li>120-160 \u00b0C pre kotly na naftu (v z\u00e1vislosti od obsahu s\u00edry),<\/li>\n<li>120-130 \u00b0C pre kotly na zemn\u00fd plyn.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nUveden\u00e9 hodnoty boli stanoven\u00e9 so zoh\u013eadnen\u00edm faktorov ekologickej bezpe\u010dnosti, ale predov\u0161etk\u00fdm s\u00fa zalo\u017een\u00e9 na po\u017eiadavk\u00e1ch na funk\u010dnos\u0165 a \u017eivotnos\u0165 zariadenia.<\/p>\n<p>Minim\u00e1lny prah je nastaven\u00fd tak, aby sa vyl\u00fa\u010dil riziko kondenz\u00e1cie v konvek\u010dnej \u010dasti kotla a \u010falej v potrub\u00ed (v plynovodoch a kom\u00edne). Av\u0161ak na prevenciu kor\u00f3zie nie je nevyhnutn\u00e9 obetova\u0165 teplo, ktor\u00e9 unik\u00e1 do atmosf\u00e9ry namiesto toho, aby sa vyu\u017e\u00edvalo na u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fa pr\u00e1cu.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vyu\u017eitie tepla z odpadov\u00fdch plynov: ekol\u00f3gia s v\u00fdhodou\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/c7ccb20ee5145c228f8270774363b490.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Kor\u00f3zia. Vylu\u010dujeme rizik\u00e1<\/h2>\n<p>\nNehovor\u00edme, kor\u00f3zia je nepr\u00edjemn\u00fd jav, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee ohrozi\u0165 bezpe\u010dn\u00fa prev\u00e1dzku kotlovej jednotky a v\u00fdrazne skr\u00e1ti\u0165 jej \u017eivotnos\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Pri ochladzovan\u00ed spalin na teplotu rosn\u00e9ho bodu a ni\u017e\u0161ie doch\u00e1dza ku kondenz\u00e1cii vodn\u00fdch p\u00e1r, spolu s ktor\u00fdmi prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa do tekut\u00e9ho stavu aj zl\u00fa\u010deniny NOx, SOx, ktor\u00e9 reagovan\u00edm s vodou tvoria kyseliny, p\u00f4sobiace destrukt\u00edvne na vn\u00fatorn\u00e9 povrchy kotla. V z\u00e1vislosti od typu spa\u013eovan\u00e9ho paliva m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 teplota kysl\u00e9ho rosn\u00e9ho bodu r\u00f4zna, podobne aj zlo\u017eenie kysel\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 sa uvo\u013e\u0148uj\u00fa vo forme kondenz\u00e1tu. V\u00fdsledok je v\u0161ak rovnak\u00fd - kor\u00f3zia.<\/p>\n<p>Odch\u00e1dzaj\u00face plyny kotlov pracuj\u00facich na zemn\u00fd plyn sa preva\u017ene skladaj\u00fa z nasleduj\u00facich produktov spa\u013eovania: vodn\u00fdch p\u00e1r (H2O), oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho (CO2), oxidu uho\u013enat\u00e9ho (CO) a nesp\u00e1len\u00fdch hor\u013eav\u00fdch uh\u013eovod\u00edkov CnHm (dva posledn\u00e9 sa objavuj\u00fa pri ne\u00faplnom spa\u013eovan\u00ed paliva, ke\u010f re\u017eim spa\u013eovania nie je optimalizovan\u00fd).<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f\u017ee v atmosf\u00e9rickom vzduchu sa nach\u00e1dza ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo dus\u00edka, medzi in\u00fdmi, v produktoch spa\u013eovania sa objavuj\u00fa oxidy dus\u00edka NO a NO2, celkovo naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 NOx, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa \u0161kodliv\u00fd vplyv na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie a zdravie \u010dloveka. Spojen\u00edm s vodou oxidy dus\u00edka vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa kor\u00f3zne akt\u00edvnu kyselinu dusi\u010dn\u00fa.<\/p>\n<p>Pri spa\u013eovan\u00ed \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9ho oleja a uhlia sa v sp\u00e1len\u00fdch produktoch tvoria oxidy s\u00edry, zn\u00e1me ako SOx. Ich negat\u00edvny vplyv na \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie je \u0161iroko sk\u00faman\u00fd a nepochybne potvrden\u00fd. Kysl\u00fd kondenz\u00e1t, ktor\u00fd vznik\u00e1 pri kontakte s vodou, sp\u00f4sobuje s\u00edrov\u00fa kor\u00f3ziu vykurovac\u00edch pl\u00f4ch.<\/p>\n<p>Tradi\u010dne sa teplota odch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich plynov, ako bolo uveden\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161ie, vol\u00ed tak, aby chr\u00e1nila zariadenia pred kysl\u00fdmi v\u00fdparmi na vykurovac\u00edch ploch\u00e1ch kotla. Okrem toho by mala teplota plynov zabezpe\u010di\u0165 kondenz\u00e1ciu NOx a SOx mimo plynov\u00e9ho traktu, aby chr\u00e1nila pred kor\u00f3znymi procesmi nielen samotn\u00fd kotol, ale aj kom\u00edny a potrubia. Samozrejme, existuj\u00fa ur\u010dit\u00e9 normy, ktor\u00e9 obmedzuj\u00fa pr\u00edpustn\u00e9 koncentr\u00e1cie emisi\u00ed oxidov dus\u00edka a s\u00edry, av\u0161ak to nijako neodstr\u00e1ni fakt akumul\u00e1cie t\u00fdchto sp\u00e1len\u00fdch produktov v atmosf\u00e9re Zeme a ich usadenie vo forme kyselinov\u00fdch zr\u00e1\u017eok na jej povrchu.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00edra obsiahnut\u00e1 v \u0165a\u017ekom oleji a uhl\u00ed, ako aj \u00fanik nespa\u013eovan\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc pevn\u00fdch pal\u00edv (vr\u00e1tane popola), vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa \u010fal\u0161ie podmienky pre \u010distenie spalinov\u00fdch plynov. Pou\u017eitie syst\u00e9mov na \u010distenie plynov zna\u010dne zvy\u0161uje n\u00e1klady a komplikuje proces vyu\u017eitia tepla z spalinov\u00fdch plynov, \u010do rob\u00ed tak\u00e9 opatrenia ekonomicky menej atrakt\u00edvnymi a \u010dasto prakticky neoplatn\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n<p>V niektor\u00fdch pr\u00edpadoch miestne \u00farady stanovuj\u00fa minim\u00e1lnu teplotu spalinov\u00fdch plynov na \u00fast\u00ed kom\u00edna s cie\u013eom zabezpe\u010di\u0165 adekv\u00e1tne rozptylovanie odch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich plynov a absenciu dymov\u00e9ho pr\u00fadu. Okrem toho niektor\u00e9 podniky m\u00f4\u017eu z vlastnej iniciat\u00edvy zavies\u0165 podobn\u00fa prax na zlep\u0161enie svojho imid\u017eu, ke\u010f\u017ee \u0161irok\u00e1 verejnos\u0165 \u010dasto ch\u00e1pe pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 vidite\u013en\u00e9ho dymov\u00e9ho pr\u00fadu ako znak zne\u010distenia \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia, zatia\u013e \u010do jeho absencia m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za znak ekologickej\u0161ieho v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n<p>V\u0161etko to vedie k tomu, \u017ee za ur\u010dit\u00fdch poveternostn\u00fdch podmienok m\u00f4\u017eu podniky \u0161peci\u00e1lne ohrieva\u0165 odpadov\u00e9 plyny pred ich vypusten\u00edm do atmosf\u00e9ry. Hoci, pochopen\u00edm zlo\u017eenia spalin, ktor\u00e9 vych\u00e1dzaj\u00fa z kotla funguj\u00faceho na zemn\u00fd plyn (ktor\u00e9 bolo podrobne rozobran\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161ie), sa st\u00e1va zrejm\u00fdm, \u017ee biely \u201edym\u201c, ktor\u00fd vych\u00e1dza z kom\u00edna (pri spr\u00e1vnom nastaven\u00ed re\u017eimu spa\u013eovania), je preva\u017ene vodn\u00e1 para, ktor\u00e1 vznik\u00e1 v d\u00f4sledku reakcie spa\u013eovania zemn\u00e9ho plynu v kotlovom tubuse.<\/p>\n<p>Boj proti kor\u00f3zii si vy\u017eaduje pou\u017eitie materi\u00e1lov odoln\u00fdch vo\u010di jej negat\u00edvnym \u00fa\u010dinkom (tak\u00e9to materi\u00e1ly existuj\u00fa a m\u00f4\u017eu sa pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 na zariadeniach, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa ako palivo plyn, produkty petrochemick\u00e9ho priemyslu a dokonca aj odpady), ako aj organizovanie zberu, spracovania kysl\u00e9ho kondenz\u00e1tu a jeho likvid\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vyu\u017eitie tepla z odpadov\u00fdch plynov: ekol\u00f3gia s v\u00fdhodou\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/2fd11a8e0fb31fa32efb575038855137.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Technol\u00f3gia<\/h2>\n<p>\nZavedenie komplexu opatren\u00ed na zn\u00ed\u017eenie teploty spalin za kotlom na existuj\u00facom podniku zais\u0165uje zv\u00fd\u0161enie \u00fa\u010dinnosti celej jednotky, ktorej s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou je kotlov\u00fd agreg\u00e1t, pri\u010dom sa predov\u0161etk\u00fdm vyu\u017e\u00edva samotn\u00fd kotol (teplo, ktor\u00e9 je v \u0148om produkovan\u00e9).<\/p>\n<p>Koncept tak\u00fdchto rie\u0161en\u00ed spo\u010d\u00edva v jednom: na \u00faseku plynovodu pred kom\u00ednom sa in\u0161taluje teplovodn\u00fd v\u00fdmenn\u00edk, ktor\u00fd prij\u00edma teplo z odpadov\u00fdch plynov chladivom (napr\u00edklad vodou). T\u00e1to voda m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 ako priamo kone\u010dn\u00fdm teplonosn\u00fdm m\u00e9diom, ktor\u00e9 je potrebn\u00e9 ohria\u0165, tak aj medzistup\u0148ov\u00fdm agentom, ktor\u00fd pren\u00e1\u0161a teplo prostredn\u00edctvom dodato\u010dn\u00e9ho tepeln\u00e9ho v\u00fdmenn\u00edka do in\u00e9ho okruhu.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma je zn\u00e1zornen\u00e1 na obr\u00e1zku:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vyu\u017eitie tepla z odpadov\u00fdch plynov: ekol\u00f3gia s v\u00fdhodou\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/8d8adf7d5b3b1d113a6d4ba35f773620.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nZber vytvoren\u00e9ho kondenz\u00e1tu prebieha priamo v objeme nov\u00e9ho teplovodn\u00e9ho zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 je vyroben\u00e9 z kor\u00f3zii odoln\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov. To je sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 t\u00fdm, \u017ee prahov\u00e1 teplota rosn\u00fd bod pre vlhkos\u0165 obsiahnut\u00fa v objeme odpadov\u00fdch plynov je prekro\u010den\u00e1 pr\u00e1ve vn\u00fatri teplovodn\u00e9ho v\u00fdmenn\u00edka. T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom sa efekt\u00edvne vyu\u017e\u00edva nielen fyzick\u00e9 teplo odpadov\u00fdch plynov, ale aj skryt\u00e1 tepeln\u00e1 energia kondenz\u00e1cie obsiahnut\u00fdch vo vodn\u00fdch par\u00e1ch. Sam\u00e9 zariadenie mus\u00ed by\u0165 navrhnut\u00e9 tak, aby jeho kon\u0161trukcia nezvy\u0161ovala nadmern\u00fd aerodynamick\u00fd odpor a, ako d\u00f4sledok, nezhor\u0161ovala podmienky prev\u00e1dzky kotlov\u00e9ho agreg\u00e1tu.<\/p>\n<p>Kon\u0161trukcia teplo v\u00fdmennej aparat\u00fary m\u00f4\u017ee predstavova\u0165 bu\u010f oby\u010dajn\u00fd rekupera\u010dn\u00fd teplo v\u00fdmenn\u00edk, kde doch\u00e1dza k prenosu tepla z plynov na kvapalinu cez rozde\u013eovaciu stenu, alebo kontaktov\u00fd teplo v\u00fdmenn\u00edk, v ktorom spalinov\u00e9 plyny priamo prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa do kontaktu s vodou, ktor\u00e1 je rozpr\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1 tryskami vo svojom pr\u00faden\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Pre rekupera\u010dn\u00fd teplo v\u00fdmenn\u00edk sa rie\u0161enie ot\u00e1zky kysl\u00e9ho kondenz\u00e1tu s\u00fastre\u010fuje na organiz\u00e1ciu jeho zberu a neutraliz\u00e1cie. V pr\u00edpade kontaktov\u00e9ho teplo v\u00fdmenn\u00edka sa uplat\u0148uje odli\u0161n\u00fd pr\u00edstup, ktor\u00fd je v nie\u010dom podobn\u00fd periodick\u00e9mu preplachovaniu syst\u00e9mov obehovej vodovodnej s\u00fastavy: s rast\u00facou kyslos\u0165ou obiehaj\u00facej kvapaliny sa ur\u010dit\u00e9 mno\u017estvo odober\u00e1 do akumula\u010dnej n\u00e1dr\u017ee, kde prebieha spracovanie \u010dinidlami a n\u00e1sledn\u00e1 likvid\u00e1cia vody do dren\u00e1\u017eneho syst\u00e9mu, alebo jej smerovanie do technologick\u00e9ho cyklu.<\/p>\n<p>Samostatn\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie energie spalinov\u00fdch plynov m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 obmedzen\u00e9 v d\u00f4sledku rozdielu medzi teplotou plynov a potrebami na ur\u010ditej teplote na vstupe energeticky spotrebov\u00e1vaj\u00faceho procesu. Av\u0161ak aj pre tak\u00e9to, na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead bezn\u00e1dejne situ\u00e1cie, bol vyvinut\u00fd pr\u00edstup, ktor\u00fd sa opiera o kvalitne nov\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie a zariadenia.<\/p>\n<p>S cie\u013eom zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 efekt\u00edvnos\u0165 procesu vyu\u017e\u00edvania tepla spalinov\u00fdch plynov sa v celosvetovej praxi \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie uplat\u0148uj\u00fa inovat\u00edvne rie\u0161enia zalo\u017een\u00e9 na teplovodn\u00fdch \u010derpadl\u00e1ch ako k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fd element syst\u00e9mu. V niektor\u00fdch sektoroch priemyslu (napr\u00edklad v bioenergetike) sa tak\u00e9to rie\u0161enia uplat\u0148uj\u00fa na v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine uv\u00e1dzan\u00fdch do prev\u00e1dzky kotlov. Dodato\u010dn\u00e1 \u00faspora prim\u00e1rnych energetick\u00fdch zdrojov v tomto pr\u00edpade sa dosahuje pou\u017eit\u00edm netradi\u010dn\u00fdch parokompresn\u00fdch elektrick\u00fdch strojov, ale spo\u013eahlivej\u0161\u00edch a technologick\u00fdch absorp\u010dn\u00fdch br\u00f3m-l\u00edtiov\u00fdch teplovodn\u00fdch \u010derpadiel (A\u010cT), ktor\u00fdm na pr\u00e1cu potrebn\u00e9 teplo, pri\u010dom to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u010dasto nevyu\u017eit\u00e9 odpadov\u00e9 teplo, ktor\u00e9 je v nadbytku pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 prakticky v ka\u017edom podniku. Toto teplo od extern\u00e9ho zdroja tepla aktivuje vn\u00fatorn\u00fd cyklus A\u010cT, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje transformova\u0165 dostupn\u00fd teplotn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l odch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich plynov a pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 ho do teplej\u0161\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Vyu\u017eitie tepla z odpadov\u00fdch plynov: ekol\u00f3gia s v\u00fdhodou\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/82daf6ec9c80cb633f21101c4471a195.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>V\u00fdsledok<\/h2>\n<p>\nChladenie odpadov\u00fdch plynov kotla pomocou tak\u00fdchto rie\u0161en\u00ed m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 dostato\u010dne hlbok\u00e9 \u2013 a\u017e do 20 a 30 \u00b0C z p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch 120-130 \u00b0C. Z\u00edskan\u00e9 teplo je viac ne\u017e dostato\u010dn\u00e9 na ohrev vody pre potreby chemickej \u00fapravy vody, dop\u013a\u0148ania, teplej vody a dokonca aj tepelnej siete.<\/p>\n<p>\u00daspora paliva pritom m\u00f4\u017ee dosiahnu\u0165 5-10 %, pri\u010dom zv\u00fd\u0161enie \u00fa\u010dinnosti kotlov\u00e9ho zariadenia sa pohybuje od 2 do 3 %.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom zavedenie pop\u00edsanej technol\u00f3gie umo\u017e\u0148uje rie\u0161i\u0165 nieko\u013eko \u00faloh naraz. Ide o:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>maxim\u00e1lne \u00fapln\u00e9 a u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie tepla spalin (ako aj skrytej teploty kondenz\u00e1cie vodnej pary),<\/li>\n<li>zni\u017eovanie objemu emisi\u00ed NOx a SOx do atmosf\u00e9ry,<\/li>\n<li>z\u00edskanie dodato\u010dn\u00e9ho zdroja - \u010distej vody (ktor\u00e1 n\u00e1jde u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie v ka\u017edom podniku, napr\u00edklad na dop\u013a\u0148anie tepelnej siete a in\u00fdch vodn\u00fdch okruhov),<\/li>\n<li>elimin\u00e1cia dymov\u00e9ho plame\u0148a (ten sa st\u00e1va len \u0165a\u017eko rozpoznate\u013en\u00fdm alebo \u00faplne zmizne).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nPrax ukazuje, \u017ee \u00fa\u010delnos\u0165 aplik\u00e1cie tak\u00fdchto rie\u0161en\u00ed predov\u0161etk\u00fdm z\u00e1vis\u00ed od:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>mo\u017enosti u\u017eito\u010dnej recykl\u00e1cie existuj\u00faceho tepla spalin,<\/li>\n<li>d\u013a\u017eky vyu\u017e\u00edvania z\u00edskanej tepelnej energie po\u010das roka,<\/li>\n<li>n\u00e1kladov na energetick\u00e9 zdroje v podniku,<\/li>\n<li>existencie prekro\u010denia maxim\u00e1lne povolenej koncentr\u00e1cie emisi\u00ed pod\u013ea NOx a SOx (ako aj od pr\u00edsnosti miestnych ekologick\u00fdch predpisov),<\/li>\n<li>sp\u00f4sobu neutraliz\u00e1cie kondenz\u00e1tu a mo\u017enost\u00ed jeho \u010fal\u0161ieho vyu\u017eitia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/lanit\/blog\/460419\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u0436\u0438\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e (\u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435, \u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043b\u044b, \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438 \u0438 \u0442.\u0434.), \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u044b\u043c\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c. \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434, \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":27435,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36635","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 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