{"id":36672,"date":"2019-10-31T22:13:05","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ne-zabluditsya-v-treh-sosnah-egotsentricheskoe-predstavlenie-okruzhayushhej-sredy\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:13:05","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:05","slug":"ne-zabluditsya-v-treh-sosnah-egotsentricheskoe-predstavlenie-okruzhayushhej-sredy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/ne-zabluditsya-v-treh-sosnah-egotsentricheskoe-predstavlenie-okruzhayushhej-sredy","title":{"rendered":"Nestrati v troch stromoch: egocentrick\u00fd poh\u013ead na okolie","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Nestrati
\n
\nPohyb je \u017eivot. T\u00fato fr\u00e1zu je mo\u017en\u00e9 interpretova\u0165 ako motiv\u00e1ciu \u00eds\u0165 vpred, nezosta\u0165 na mieste a dosahova\u0165 \u017eelan\u00e9, ako aj kon\u0161tatovanie faktu, \u017ee prakticky v\u0161etky \u017eiv\u00e9 bytosti str\u00e1via v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu svojho \u017eivota v pohybe. Aby na\u0161e pohyby a presuny v priestore neskon\u010dili ka\u017ed\u00fd raz s hr\u010dkami na \u010dele a rozbit\u00fdmi mal\u00ed\u010dkami na noh\u00e1ch, n\u00e1\u0161 mozog vyu\u017e\u00edva ulo\u017een\u00e9 \u201emapy\u201c okolit\u00e9ho prostredia, ktor\u00e9 sa nevedome objavuj\u00fa v momente n\u00e1\u0161ho pohybu. Existuje v\u0161ak n\u00e1zor, \u017ee mozog tieto mapy vyu\u017e\u00edva nie z vonku, takpovediac, ale umiest\u0148uje \u010dloveka na t\u00fato mapu a zbiera \u00fadaje pri poh\u013eade z prvej osoby. T\u00fato te\u00f3riu sa rozhodli preuk\u00e1za\u0165 vedci z Bostonskej univerzity vykonan\u00edm s\u00e9rie praktick\u00fdch experimentov s laborat\u00f3rnymi potkanmi. Ako vlastne mozog orientuje v priestore, ak\u00e9 bunky s\u00fa pri tom zapojen\u00e9 a ak\u00fa \u00falohu zohr\u00e1va toto v\u00fdskum pre bud\u00face auton\u00f3mne vozidl\u00e1 a roboty? O tom sa dozvieme z prezent\u00e1cie v\u00fdskumnej skupiny. Po\u010fme na to.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1klad v\u00fdskumu<\/h3>\n

\nTak\u017ee, u\u017e pred mnoh\u00fdmi rokmi bol stanoven\u00fd fakt, \u017ee hlavn\u00fdm aspektom mozgu zodpovedn\u00fdm za orient\u00e1ciu v priestore je hippocampus.<\/p>\n

Hippocampus sa zap\u00e1ja do mnoh\u00fdch procesov: formovanie em\u00f3ci\u00ed, pretransformovanie kr\u00e1tkodobej pam\u00e4ti na dlhodob\u00fa a formovanie priestorovej pam\u00e4ti. Pr\u00e1ve t\u00e1to posledn\u00e1 je zdrojom t\u00fdch \u201em\u00e1ps\u201c, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1\u0161 mozog v spr\u00e1vny moment vyvol\u00e1va pre efekt\u00edvnej\u0161iu orient\u00e1ciu v priestore. In\u00fdmi slovami, v hippocampe s\u00fa ulo\u017een\u00e9 trojrozmern\u00e9 neur\u00f3nov\u00e9 modely priestoru, v ktorom sa nach\u00e1dza majite\u013e mozgu.<\/p>\n

\"Nestrati
\nHippocampus<\/i><\/p>\n

Existuje te\u00f3ria, ktor\u00e1 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee medzi skuto\u010dnou navig\u00e1ciou a mapami z hippocampu je medzistupe\u0148 - transform\u00e1cia t\u00fdchto m\u00e1p do poh\u013eadu z prvej osoby. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee \u010dlovek sa sna\u017e\u00ed pochopi\u0165, kde \u010do je umiestnen\u00e9, nie vo v\u0161eobecnosti (ako vid\u00edme na skuto\u010dn\u00fdch map\u00e1ch), ale kde bude \u010do umiestnen\u00e9 relat\u00edvne k nemu sam\u00e9mu (ako funkcia \u201epoh\u013ead na ulice\u201c v Google Maps).<\/p>\n

Autori sk\u00faman\u00e9ho diela zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa nasleduj\u00face: Kognit\u00edvne mapy okolia s\u00fa k\u00f3dovan\u00e9 v hipokamp\u00e1lnej form\u00e1cii v allocentrickom syst\u00e9me, ale motorika (samotn\u00e9 pohyby) s\u00fa reprezentovan\u00e9 v egocentrickom syst\u00e9me.<\/p>\n

\"Nestrati
\nUFO: Enemy Unknown (allocentrick\u00fd syst\u00e9m) a DOOM (egocentrick\u00fd syst\u00e9m).<\/i><\/p>\n

Rozdiel medzi allocentrick\u00fdmi a egocentrick\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami pripom\u00edna rozdiel medzi hrami z poh\u013eadu tretej osoby (alebo z bo\u010dn\u00e9ho, horn\u00e9ho poh\u013eadu at\u010f.) a hrami z poh\u013eadu prvej osoby. V prvom pr\u00edpade je pre n\u00e1s d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 samotn\u00e9 okolie, v druhom \u2014 na\u0161a poz\u00edcia vo\u010di tomuto okoliu. Tak\u017ee allocentrick\u00e9 naviga\u010dn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny musia by\u0165 preveden\u00e9 do egocentrick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu pre ich praktick\u00fa realiz\u00e1ciu, t.j. pohyb v priestore.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee dorzomedialny striatum (DMS)*<\/i> zohr\u00e1va k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fa \u00falohu v vy\u0161\u0161ie op\u00edsanom procese. <\/p>\n

\"Nestrati
\nP\u00e1sikov\u00e9 telo mozgu \u010dloveka.<\/i><\/p>\n

Striatum*<\/b> \u2014 \u010das\u0165 mozgu, ktor\u00e1 patr\u00ed k baz\u00e1lnym gangli\u00e1m; striatum sa podie\u013ea na regul\u00e1cii svalov\u00e9ho tonusu, vn\u00fatorn\u00fdch org\u00e1nov a behavior\u00e1lnych reakci\u00ed; striatum sa naz\u00fdva aj \u201ep\u00e1sikov\u00e9 telo\u201c v\u010faka jeho \u0161trukt\u00fare z striedaj\u00facich sa p\u00e1sov \u0161edej a bielej hmoty.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

DMS preukazuje neur\u00f3nov\u00e9 odpovede spojen\u00e9 s prij\u00edman\u00edm rozhodnut\u00ed a vykon\u00e1van\u00edm akci\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa navig\u00e1cie v priestore, preto by tento \u00fasek mozgu mal by\u0165 presk\u00faman\u00fd podrobnej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky \u0161t\u00fadie<\/h3>\n

\nAby sa ur\u010dila pr\u00edtomnos\u0165\/absencia egocentrick\u00fdch priestorov\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed v p\u00e1sikov\u00fdch tel\u00e1ch (DMS), 4 samcom potkanov implantovali a\u017e 16 tetrodov (\u0161peci\u00e1lne elektr\u00f3dy pripojen\u00e9 k po\u017eadovan\u00fdm oblastiam mozgu) zameran\u00fdch na DMS (1a<\/b>).<\/p>\n

\"Nestrati
\nObr\u00e1zok \u010d. 1: reakcia buniek p\u00e1sikov\u00e9ho tela na hranice okolia v egocentrickom syst\u00e9me referencie.<\/i><\/p>\n

Vysvetlenia k obr\u00e1zku \u010d. 1:<\/b>a<\/b> \u2014 body umiestnenia tetrodov;
\nb<\/b> \u2014 egocentrick\u00e1 mapa hran\u00edc;
\ns<\/b> \u2014 allocentrick\u00e9 priestorov\u00e9 mapy (4 \u0161tvorce na\u013eavo), grafy trajekt\u00f3ri\u00ed s farebn\u00fdm k\u00f3dovan\u00edm pol\u00f4h vrcholov reakci\u00ed buniek vo vz\u0165ahu k poz\u00edcii tela a egocentrick\u00e9 mapy (4 \u0161tvorce napravo) na z\u00e1klade reakci\u00ed buniek EBC pri r\u00f4znych orient\u00e1ci\u00e1ch a vzdialenosti medzi potkanom a stenou;
\nd<\/b> \u2014 ako aj na 1c<\/b>, ale pre EBC s preferovan\u00fdmi vzdialenos\u0165ami, vzdialen\u00fdmi od zviera\u0165a;
\ne<\/b> \u2014 ako aj na 1c<\/b>, ale pre dva sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 EBC;
\nf<\/b> \u2014 rozlo\u017eenie priemernej v\u00fdslednej d\u013a\u017eky pre pozorovan\u00e9 bunky;
\ng<\/b> \u2014 rozlo\u017eenie priemernej v\u00fdslednej d\u013a\u017eky pre EBC s vyu\u017eit\u00edm smeru pohybu a smeru hlavy;
\nh<\/b> \u2014 rozlo\u017eenie priemernej reakcie buniek (v\u0161etk\u00fdch a EBC). <\/p>\n

Bolo vykonan\u00fdch 44 experimentov, kde potkany zbierali n\u00e1hodne rozpt\u00fdlen\u00e9 jedlo vo zn\u00e1mom prostred\u00ed (otvorenom, nie v bludisku). V\u00fdsledkom bolo zaznamenanie 939 buniek. Z nazbieran\u00fdch \u00fadajov bolo identifikovan\u00fdch 31 buniek smeru hlavy (HDC), av\u0161ak len mal\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 buniek, konkr\u00e9tne 19, mala allocentrick\u00e9 priestorov\u00e9 korel\u00e1ty. Aktivita t\u00fdchto buniek, obmedzen\u00e1 obvodom okolia, sa pozorovala iba po\u010das pohybu potkana pozd\u013a\u017e stien testovacej komory, \u010do nazna\u010duje egocentrick\u00e9 sch\u00e9my k\u00f3dovania hran\u00edc priestoru.<\/p>\n

Na hodnotenie mo\u017enost\u00ed tak\u00e9hoto egocentrick\u00e9ho zobrazenia na z\u00e1klade vrcholov\u00fdch parametrov aktivity buniek boli vytvoren\u00e9 egocentrick\u00e9 mapy hran\u00edc (1b<\/b>), ktor\u00e9 ilustruj\u00fa orient\u00e1ciu a vzdialenos\u0165 hran\u00edc vzh\u013eadom na smer pohybu potkana, a nie na polohu jeho hlavy (porovnanie na 1g<\/b>).<\/p>\n

18 % zo zaznamenan\u00fdch buniek (171 z 939) vykazovalo v\u00fdrazn\u00fa reakciu, ke\u010f hranica komory zauj\u00edmala ur\u010dit\u00e9 umiestnenie a orient\u00e1ciu vzh\u013eadom na podrobn\u00e9ho (1f<\/b>). Vedci nazvali tieto bunky bunkami egocentrick\u00fdch hran\u00edc (EBC \u2014 egocentric boundary cells<\/i>). Po\u010det tak\u00fdchto buniek u subjektov sa pohyboval od 15 do 70 s priemern\u00fdm ukazovate\u013eom 42,75 (1c<\/b>, 1d<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Medzi bunkami egocentrick\u00fdch hran\u00edc sa nach\u00e1dzali aj tak\u00e9, ktor\u00fdch aktivita sa zni\u017eovala v reakcii na hranice komory. Celkom ich bolo 49 a nazvali ich sp\u00e4tn\u00e9 EBC (iEBC). Priemern\u00fd reagovac\u00ed parameter buniek (ich ak\u010dn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l) u EBC a iEBC bol pomerne n\u00edzky \u2014 1,26 \u00b1 0,09 Hz (1h<\/b>). <\/p>\n

Popul\u00e1cia buniek EBC reaguje na v\u0161etky varianty orient\u00e1cie a polohy hranice komory vzh\u013eadom na subjekt, ale rozlo\u017eenie preferovanej orient\u00e1cie je bimod\u00e1lne s vrcholmi umiestnen\u00fdmi 180\u00b0 oproti sebe na oboch stran\u00e1ch zviera\u0165a (-68\u00b0 a 112\u00b0), pri\u010dom je mierne posunut\u00e9 od kolm\u00e9 osi dlh\u00e9ho os\u00ed zviera\u0165a o 22\u00b0 (2d<\/b>).<\/p>\n

\"Nestrati
\nObr\u00e1zok \u010d. 2: preferovan\u00e1 orient\u00e1cia a vzdialenos\u0165 pre reakciu egocentrick\u00fdch hranicov\u00fdch buniek (EBC).<\/i><\/p>\n

Vysvetlenia k obr\u00e1zku \u010d. 2:<\/b>a<\/b> \u2014 egocentrick\u00e9 mapy hran\u00edc pre \u0161tyri s\u00fa\u010dasne sk\u00faman\u00e9 EBC s r\u00f4znymi preferovan\u00fdmi orient\u00e1ciami, uveden\u00fdmi nad ka\u017ed\u00fdm grafom;
\nb<\/b> \u2014 umiestnenie tetra\u00f3dov pod\u013ea buniek z 2a<\/b> (\u010d\u00edsla ozna\u010duj\u00fa \u010d\u00edslo tetra\u00f3du);
\ns<\/b> \u2014 rozdelenie pravdepodobnost\u00ed preferovan\u00fdch orient\u00e1ci\u00ed pre v\u0161etky EBC jedn\u00e9ho potkana;
\nd<\/b> \u2014 rozdelenie pravdepodobnost\u00ed preferovan\u00fdch orient\u00e1ci\u00ed pre EBC v\u0161etk\u00fdch potkanov;
\nroky<\/b> \u2014 umiestnenie tetra\u00f3dov pre bunky, zobrazen\u00e9 na 2f<\/b>;
\nf<\/b> \u2014 egocentrick\u00e9 mapy hran\u00edc pre \u0161es\u0165 s\u00fa\u010dasne zaznamenan\u00fdch EBC s r\u00f4znymi preferovan\u00fdmi vzdialenos\u0165ami, uveden\u00fdmi nad ka\u017ed\u00fdm grafom;
\ng<\/b> \u2014 rozdelenie pravdepodobnost\u00ed preferovanej vzdialenosti pre v\u0161etky EBC jedn\u00e9ho potkana;
\nh<\/b> \u2014 rozdelenie pravdepodobnost\u00ed preferovanej vzdialenosti pre EBC v\u0161etk\u00fdch potkanov;
\ni<\/b> \u2014 pol\u00e1rny graf preferovanej vzdialenosti a preferovanej orient\u00e1cie pre v\u0161etky EBC, s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou priestoru zobrazenou farbou a priemerom bodov.<\/p>\n

Rozdelenie preferovanej vzdialenosti k hranici malo tri vrcholy: 6.4, 13.5 a 25.6 cm, \u010do nazna\u010duje pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 troch r\u00f4znych preferovan\u00fdch vzdialenost\u00ed medzi EBC (2f<\/b>\u20142h<\/b>), ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre strat\u00e9giu hierarchick\u00e9ho naviga\u010dn\u00e9ho vyh\u013ead\u00e1vania. Ve\u013ekos\u0165 recept\u00edvnych pol\u00ed EBC sa zvy\u0161ovala v z\u00e1vislosti od preferovanej vzdialenosti (2i<\/b>), \u010do nazna\u010duje, \u017ee sa zlep\u0161ovala presnos\u0165 egocentrick\u00e9ho zobrazenia hran\u00edc so zn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm vzdialenosti medzi stenou a subjektom. <\/p>\n

Ako v preferovanej orient\u00e1cii, tak aj vo vzdialenosti ch\u00fdbala jasn\u00e1 topografia, preto\u017ee akt\u00edvne EBC subjektu s r\u00f4znou orient\u00e1ciou a vzdialenos\u0165ou od steny sa objavovali na tom istom tetra\u00f3de (2a<\/b>, 2b<\/b>, 2e<\/b> a 2f<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Rovnako sa zistilo, \u017ee EBC stabilne reaguj\u00fa na hranice priestoru (steny komory) vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch variantoch testovac\u00edch kom\u00f4r. Aby sa potvrdilo, \u017ee EBC reaguj\u00fa na lok\u00e1lne hranice komory a nie na jej dist\u00e1lne charakteristiky, vedci \u201eoto\u010dili\u201c polohu komory o 45\u00b0 a urobili niektor\u00e9 steny \u010diernymi, \u010d\u00edm ju odl\u00ed\u0161ili od pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich testoch. <\/p>\n

Boli zhroma\u017eden\u00e9 \u00fadaje ako v be\u017enej testovacej komore, tak aj v oto\u010dnej. Napriek zmene testovacej komory zostali v\u0161etky preferovan\u00e9 orient\u00e1cie a vzdialenosti vo\u010di sten\u00e1m pre EBC subjektov nezmenen\u00e9. <\/p>\n

Zoh\u013ead\u0148uj\u00fac v\u00fdznam uhlov, bola tie\u017e presk\u00faman\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165, \u017ee EBC unik\u00e1tne k\u00f3duje tieto lok\u00e1lne atrib\u00faty prostredia. Vydelen\u00edm rozdielu medzi reakciou bl\u00edzko uhlov a reakciou pri prostrednej stene bolo identifikovan\u00e9 podmno\u017estvo buniek EBC (n = 16; 9,4%), ktor\u00e9 vykazuj\u00fa zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fa reakciu na uhly.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom je mo\u017en\u00e9 urobi\u0165 predbe\u017en\u00fd z\u00e1ver, \u017ee pr\u00e1ve bunky EBC v\u00fdborne reaguj\u00fa na obvod komory, teda na steny testovacej komory a na jej uhly.<\/p>\n

\u010ealej vedci presk\u00famali, \u010di je reakcia buniek EBC na otvoren\u00fd priestor (testovacia ar\u00e9na bez labyrintu, t.j. jednoducho 4 steny) rovnak\u00e1 pri r\u00f4znych variantoch plochy testovacej miestnosti. Boli vykonan\u00e9 3 rovnania, pri\u010dom d\u013a\u017eka stien sa v ka\u017edom z nich l\u00ed\u0161ila od predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich o 50 cm. <\/p>\n

Bez oh\u013eadu na ve\u013ekosti testovacej komory EBC reagovali na jej hranice na rovnakej vzdialenosti a orient\u00e1cii vo\u010di subjektu. Toto nazna\u010duje absenciu \u0161k\u00e1lovania reakcie v z\u00e1vislosti od ve\u013ekosti prostredia.<\/p>\n

\"Nestrati
\nObr\u00e1zok \u010d. 3: stabiln\u00e1 reakcia buniek EBC na hranice priestoru.<\/i><\/p>\n

Vysvetlenia k obr\u00e1zku \u010d. 3:<\/b>a<\/b> \u2014 egocentrick\u00e9 mapy EBC za norm\u00e1lnych podmienok (v\u013eavo) a pri oto\u010den\u00ed testovacej komory o 45\u00b0 (vpravo);
\nb<\/b> \u2014 egocentrick\u00e9 mapy EBC pre komoru s rozmermi 1,25 x 1,25 m (v\u013eavo) a pre zv\u00e4\u010d\u0161en\u00fa komoru 1,75 x 1,75 m (vpravo);
\ns<\/b> \u2014 egocentrick\u00e9 mapy EBC pri be\u017en\u00fdch \u010diernych sten\u00e1ch komory (v\u013eavo) a pri vzorovan\u00fdch sten\u00e1ch (vpravo);
\nd<\/b>\u2014f<\/b> \u2014 grafy preferovanej vzdialenosti (hore) a zmeny preferovanej orient\u00e1cie vo\u010di z\u00e1kladnej l\u00ednii (dole).<\/p>\n

Ke\u010f\u017ee pruhovan\u00e9 telo z\u00edskava inform\u00e1cie o okol\u00ed z viacer\u00fdch oblast\u00ed zrakovej k\u00f4ry mozgu, vedci tie\u017e skontrolovali, \u010di vzh\u013ead stien (3s<\/b>) komory ovplyv\u0148uje reakciu buniek EBC. <\/p>\n

Zmena vzh\u013eadu hran\u00edc priestoru nijako neovplyvnila reakciu buniek EBC a potrebn\u00e9 vzdialenosti a orient\u00e1cie vo\u010di subjektu.<\/p>\n

\"Nestrati
\nObr\u00e1zok \u010d. 4: stabilita reakcie buniek EBC nez\u00e1visle od prostredia.<\/i><\/p>\n

Vysvetlenia k obr\u00e1zku \u010d. 4:<\/b>a<\/b> \u2014 egocentrick\u00e9 mapy pre EBC v zn\u00e1mej (v\u013eavo) a novej (vpravo) prostred\u00ed;
\nb<\/b> \u2014 egocentrick\u00e9 mapy pre EBC z\u00edskan\u00e9 v rovnakom prostred\u00ed, ale s \u010dasov\u00fdm odstupom;
\ns<\/b> \u2014 grafy preferovanej vzdialenosti (hore) a zmeny preferovanej orient\u00e1cie vo\u010di z\u00e1kladnej l\u00ednii (dole) pre nov\u00e9 (nezn\u00e1me) prostredia;
\nd<\/b> \u2014 grafy preferovanej vzdialenosti (hore) a zmeny preferovanej orient\u00e1cie vo\u010di z\u00e1kladnej l\u00ednii (dole) pre predt\u00fdm sk\u00faman\u00e9 (zn\u00e1me) prostredia.<\/p>\n

Bolo tie\u017e zisten\u00e9, \u017ee reakcia buniek EBC, rovnako ako potrebn\u00e1 orient\u00e1cia a vzdialenos\u0165 vo\u010di experiment\u00e1lnemu subjektu, sa s \u010dasom nemenia. <\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak tento \"\u010dasov\u00fd\" test sa konal v tej istej testovacej komore. Tie\u017e bolo potrebn\u00e9 overi\u0165, ak\u00fd je rozdiel medzi reakciou EBC na zn\u00e1me podmienky a na nov\u00e9. Na tento \u00fa\u010del sa uskuto\u010dnilo nieko\u013eko pokusov, ke\u010f potkany sk\u00famali komoru, ktor\u00fa u\u017e poznaj\u00fa z predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich testov, a n\u00e1sledne nov\u00e9 komory s otvoren\u00fdm priestorom.<\/p>\n

Ako u\u017e iste tu\u0161\u00edte, reakcia buniek EBC + po\u017eadovan\u00e1 orient\u00e1cia\/vzdialenos\u0165 zostali nezmenen\u00e9 v nov\u00fdch komor\u00e1ch (4a<\/b>, 4c<\/b>).<\/p>\n

T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom reakcia EBC poskytuje stabiln\u00e9 zobrazenie hran\u00edc okolia vo\u010di experiment\u00e1lnemu subjektu vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch typoch tohto prostredia, bez oh\u013eadu na vzh\u013ead stien, plochu testovacej komory, jej pohyby a \u010das str\u00e1ven\u00fd subjektom v komore.<\/p>\n

Pre podrobnej\u0161ie obozn\u00e1menie s nuansami v\u00fdskumu odpor\u00fa\u010dam pozrie\u0165 sa do spr\u00e1vy vedcov <\/a><\/noindex>a \u010fal\u0161ie materi\u00e1ly <\/a><\/noindex>k nej.<\/p>\n

Epilog<\/h3>\n

\nV tejto pr\u00e1ci sa vedcom podarilo prakticky potvrdi\u0165 te\u00f3riu o egocentrickom zobrazen\u00ed okolia, \u010do je mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre orient\u00e1ciu v priestore. Dok\u00e1zali, \u017ee medzi allocentrick\u00fdm priestorov\u00fdm zobrazen\u00edm a skuto\u010dn\u00fdm konan\u00edm existuje medzi\u010dl\u00e1nok, do ktor\u00e9ho s\u00fa zapojen\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00e9 bunky pruhovit\u00e9ho tela, naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 bunky egocentrick\u00fdch hran\u00edc (EBC). Bolo tie\u017e zisten\u00e9, \u017ee EBC s\u00fa viac spojen\u00e9 s riaden\u00edm pohybu cel\u00e9ho tela, a nie len hlavy subjektov.<\/p>\n

T\u00e1to \u0161t\u00fadia bola zameran\u00e1 na ur\u010denie komplexn\u00e9ho mechanizmu orient\u00e1cie v priestore, v\u0161etk\u00fdch jeho komponentov a premenn\u00fdch. Tento pr\u00edstup, pod\u013ea vedcov, \u010falej pom\u00f4\u017ee vylep\u0161i\u0165 naviga\u010dn\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie pre auton\u00f3mne vozidl\u00e1 a roboty, ktor\u00e9 bud\u00fa schopn\u00e9 ch\u00e1pa\u0165 svoje okolie rovnak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, ak\u00fdm to rob\u00edme my. V\u00fdskumn\u00edci s\u00fa nesmierne pote\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdsledkami svojej pr\u00e1ce, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa z\u00e1klad pre pokra\u010dovanie v \u0161t\u00fadiu vz\u0165ahov medzi ur\u010dit\u00fdmi oblas\u0165ami mozgu a t\u00fdm, ako sa realizuje navig\u00e1cia v priestore.<\/p>\n

\u010eakujem za pozornos\u0165, ost\u00e1vajte zvedav\u00ed a prajem v\u0161etk\u00fdm dobr\u00fd pracovn\u00fd t\u00fd\u017ede\u0148, kamar\u00e1ti! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

\u010eakujeme, \u017ee s nami zost\u00e1vate. P\u00e1\u010dia sa v\u00e1m na\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nky? Chcete vidie\u0165 viac zauj\u00edmav\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov? Podporte n\u00e1s objednan\u00edm alebo odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00edm priate\u013eom, 30% z\u013eava pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov Chabra na unik\u00e1tny ekvivalent entry-level serverov, ktor\u00fd sme pre v\u00e1s vytvorili:<\/b> V\u0161etky pravdy o VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 jadier) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps od 20 dol\u00e1rov alebo ako spr\u00e1vne rozdeli\u0165 server?<\/a><\/noindex> (k dispoz\u00edcii varianty s RAID1 a RAID10, a\u017e 24 jadier a a\u017e 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd za polovicu?<\/b> Len u n\u00e1s 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB od 199 dol\u00e1rov<\/a><\/noindex> v Holandsku! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 od 99 dol\u00e1rov!<\/b><\/b> Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si o tom Ako vybudova\u0165 infra\u0161trukt\u00faru korpor\u00e1tneho typu s pou\u017eit\u00edm serverov Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 s cenou 9000 eur za zlomok ceny?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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