{"id":36723,"date":"2019-10-31T22:13:23","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:13:23","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:23","slug":"eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/eshhe-odno-mnenie-o-raznitse-mezhdu-bin-sbin-usr-bin-usr-sbin","title":{"rendered":"\u010eal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1zor na rozdiel medzi bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ned\u00e1vno som objavil tak\u00fdto \u010dl\u00e1nok: Rozdiel medzi bin, sbin, usr\/bin, usr\/sbin<\/a><\/noindex>. Chcel by som sa podeli\u0165 o svoj poh\u013ead na \u0161tandard.<\/p>\n

\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nObsahuje pr\u00edkazy, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ako syst\u00e9mov\u00ed administr\u00e1tori, tak aj pou\u017e\u00edvatelia, ale ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa nevyhnutn\u00e9, ke\u010f nie s\u00fa pripojen\u00e9 \u017eiadne in\u00e9 s\u00faborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my (napr\u00edklad v jednomu\u017eerskom re\u017eime). M\u00f4\u017ee tie\u017e obsahova\u0165 pr\u00edkazy, ktor\u00e9 sa nepriamo pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa skriptami.<\/p>\n

Tam sa o\u010dak\u00e1va pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 tak\u00fdch pr\u00edkazov:<\/p>\n

cat<\/b>, chgrp<\/b>, chmod<\/b>, chown<\/b>, cp<\/b>, date<\/b>, dd<\/b>, df<\/b>, dmesg<\/b>, echo<\/b>, nepravda<\/b>, hostname<\/b>, kill<\/b>, ln<\/b>, login<\/b>, ls<\/b>, mkdir<\/b>, mknod<\/b>, more<\/b>, mount<\/b>, mv<\/b>, ps<\/b>, pwd<\/b>, rm<\/b>, rmdir<\/b>, sed<\/b>, sh<\/b>, stty<\/b>, su<\/b>, sync<\/b>, true<\/b>, umount<\/b>, uname<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Mo\u017eno vytvori\u0165 symbolick\u00e9 odkazy na \/usr, ale aj ke\u010f v obdob\u00ed systemd sa \/usr na samostatnom zariaden\u00ed nevyskytuje, st\u00e1le ho mo\u017eno n\u00e1js\u0165 na zabudovanom syst\u00e9me, semafore, k\u00e1vovare a PDP-11, ktor\u00fd obsluhuje d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd pr\u00edstroj v jednej z laborat\u00f3ri\u00ed Akad\u00e9mie vied.<\/p>\n

\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00e1stroje, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na syst\u00e9mov\u00fa administr\u00e1ciu (a in\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy len pre root), \/sbin obsahuje bin\u00e1rne s\u00fabory potrebn\u00e9 na spustenie, obnovenie, regener\u00e1ciu a\/alebo opravu syst\u00e9mu okrem bin\u00e1rnych s\u00faborov v \/bin. Programy, ktor\u00e9 sa vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa po pripojen\u00ed \/usr (ke\u010f nie s\u00fa probl\u00e9my), sa zvy\u010dajne umiest\u0148uj\u00fa do \/usr\/sbin. Lok\u00e1lne nain\u0161talovan\u00e9 programy syst\u00e9movej administr\u00e1cie by mali by\u0165 umiestnen\u00e9 do \/usr\/local\/sbin.<\/p>\n

O\u010dak\u00e1va sa:<\/p>\n

fastboot, fasthalt, fdisk, fsck, getty, halt, ifconfig, init, mkfs, mkswap, reboot, route, swapon, swapoff, update<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Jeden zo sp\u00f4sobov, ako chr\u00e1ni\u0165 syst\u00e9m pred zvedav\u00fdmi rukami pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, je zak\u00e1za\u0165 sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie t\u00fdchto n\u00e1strojov komukovek, nastaven\u00edm atrib\u00fatu x.
\nNavy\u0161e, nahradenie \/bin a \/sbin k\u00f3piami z arch\u00edvu (rovnak\u00e9ho pre v\u0161etky rovnak\u00e9 syst\u00e9my) je r\u00fdchlym sp\u00f4sobom, ako opravi\u0165 syst\u00e9my bez spr\u00e1vcu bal\u00edkov.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

\/usr\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nTu je to jednoduch\u00e9. Rovnak\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy, rovnak\u00e9 pre v\u0161etky servery\/k\u00e1vovary spolo\u010dnosti. A samotn\u00e9 \/usr m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 nasaden\u00e9 rovnak\u00e9 pre r\u00f4zne OS (pre \/bin a \/sbin to zvy\u010dajne nefunguje), ide o architektonicky nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 programy. M\u00f4\u017ee obsahova\u0165 odkazy na interpret\u00e1tory perl alebo python, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa ulo\u017een\u00e9 v \/opt alebo niekde v sieti.<\/p>\n

\/usr\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nTo ist\u00e9, \u010do \/usr\/bin, ale na pou\u017eitie len administr\u00e1tormi.<\/p>\n

\/usr\/local\/bin \u0438 \/usr\/local\/sbin<\/h2>\n

\nJedna z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch lokal\u00edt. Na rozdiel od ostatn\u00e9ho, \/usr nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 rovnak\u00e1 pre cel\u00fa organiz\u00e1ciu. Nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa sa tu OS-z\u00e1visl\u00e9, hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9 z\u00e1visl\u00e9 a jednoducho programy, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 na v\u0161etk\u00fdch zariadeniach. Pri synchroniz\u00e1cii \/usr na strojoch je potrebn\u00e9 vyl\u00fa\u010di\u0165 \/usr\/local.<\/p>\n

\/home\/$USER\/bin<\/h2>\n

\nTu je situ\u00e1cia podobn\u00e1 ako s \/usr\/local, len sa tu nach\u00e1dzaj\u00fa programy \u0161pecifick\u00e9 pre konkr\u00e9tneho pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. Je mo\u017en\u00e9 ich pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 (alebo synchronizova\u0165) na in\u00fd stroj pri presune pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. To, \u010do nemo\u017eno pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165, sa uklad\u00e1 do \/home\/$USER\/.local\/bin. M\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 local bez bodky. \/home\/$USER\/sbin z pochopite\u013en\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov ch\u00fdba.<\/p>\n

Budeme radi za opravy a doplnenia.<\/p>\n

Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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