{"id":36741,"date":"2019-10-31T22:13:29","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/uvidet-pochti-nevidimoe-eshhe-i-v-tsvete-metodika-vizualizatsii-obektov-cherez-rasseivatel\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:13:29","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:13:29","slug":"uvidet-pochti-nevidimoe-eshhe-i-v-tsvete-metodika-vizualizatsii-obektov-cherez-rasseivatel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/uvidet-pochti-nevidimoe-eshhe-i-v-tsvete-metodika-vizualizatsii-obektov-cherez-rasseivatel","title":{"rendered":"Uvidie\u0165 takmer nevidite\u013en\u00e9 a e\u0161te aj v farbe: technika vizualiz\u00e1cie objektov cez rozpty\u013eova\u010d","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Uvidie\u0165
\n
\nJednou z najsl\u00e1vnej\u0161\u00edch schopnost\u00ed Supermana je superzrak, ktor\u00fd mu umo\u017e\u0148uje vidie\u0165 at\u00f3my, vidie\u0165 v tme a na ve\u013emi ve\u013ek\u00e9 vzdialenosti, a taktie\u017e vidie\u0165 skrz predmety. T\u00fato schopnos\u0165 ve\u013emi zriedka demon\u0161truj\u00fa na obrazovk\u00e1ch, ale existuje. V na\u0161ej realite je mo\u017en\u00e9 vidie\u0165 skrz prakticky \u00faplne neprieh\u013eadn\u00e9 objekty, ak pou\u017eijeme niektor\u00e9 vedeck\u00e9 trik. Av\u0161ak, z\u00edskan\u00e9 sn\u00edmky boli v\u017edy \u010diernobiele, a\u017e do ned\u00e1vna. Dnes sa obozn\u00e1mime s v\u00fdskumom, v ktorom vedci z Duke University (USA) dok\u00e1zali vytvori\u0165 farebn\u00fa sn\u00edmku objektov skryt\u00fdch za neprieh\u013eadnou stenou, pou\u017eit\u00edm jednorazov\u00e9ho sveteln\u00e9ho impulzu. Ak\u00e1 je to supertechnol\u00f3gia, ako funguje a v ktor\u00fdch oblastiach m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e1? O tom n\u00e1m porozpr\u00e1va spr\u00e1va v\u00fdskumnej skupiny. Po\u010fme na to.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1klad v\u00fdskumu<\/h3>\n

\nNapriek v\u0161etk\u00fdm mo\u017en\u00fdm \u201ev\u00fdhod\u00e1m\u201c technol\u00f3gie vizualiz\u00e1cie objektov v rozptylov\u00fdch m\u00e9di\u00e1ch existuje nieko\u013eko probl\u00e9mov s jej realiz\u00e1ciou. Hlavn\u00fd probl\u00e9m spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee dr\u00e1hy fot\u00f3nov prech\u00e1dzaj\u00facich cez rozpty\u013eova\u010d sa v\u00fdrazne menia, \u010do vedie k n\u00e1hodn\u00fdm vzorcom. spekl*<\/i> na druhej strane.<\/p>\n

\"Uvidie\u0165
\nSpekl*<\/b> je n\u00e1hodn\u00fd interferen\u010dn\u00fd obrazec vytv\u00e1ran\u00fd pri vz\u00e1jomnej interferencii koherentn\u00fdch v\u013an, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 posuny f\u00e1zy a\/alebo n\u00e1hodn\u00fd s\u00fabor intenzity. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vyzer\u00e1 ako s\u00fabor svetl\u00fdch bodov na tmavom pozad\u00ed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

V posledn\u00fdch rokoch bolo vyvinut\u00fdch nieko\u013eko met\u00f3d vizualiz\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa ob\u00eds\u0165 efekty rozpty\u013eova\u010da a extrahova\u0165 inform\u00e1cie o objekte z obrazca spekla. Probl\u00e9m t\u00fdchto met\u00f3d spo\u010d\u00edva v ich obmedzenosti \u2014 je potrebn\u00e9 ma\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00e9 znalosti o objekte, ma\u0165 pr\u00edstup k rozpty\u013euj\u00facemu m\u00e9diu alebo objektu at\u010f.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 existuje omnoho sofistikovanej\u0161\u00ed, pod\u013ea vedcov, pr\u00edstup \u2014 vizualiz\u00e1cia s efektom pam\u00e4te (ME). T\u00e1to met\u00f3da umo\u017e\u0148uje vizualiz\u00e1ciu objektu bez predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich znalost\u00ed o \u0148om samotnom alebo o rozpty\u013euj\u00facom m\u00e9diu. Ako vieme, ka\u017ed\u00fd pr\u00edstup m\u00e1 svoje nev\u00fdhody, a ME met\u00f3da nie je v\u00fdnimkou. Na dosiahnutie vysokokontrastn\u00fdch speklov\u00fdch obrazcov a teda presnej\u0161\u00edch sn\u00edmok mus\u00ed by\u0165 osvetlenie \u00fazko p\u00e1smov\u00e9, t. j. menej ako 1 nm.<\/p>\n

Je mo\u017en\u00e9 ob\u00eds\u0165 obmedzenia met\u00f3dy ME, ale op\u00e4\u0165, tieto triky s\u00favisia s pr\u00edstupom k optick\u00e9mu zdroju alebo objektu pred rozptylov\u00fdm m\u00e9diom, alebo s priamym meran\u00edm. PSF*<\/i>.<\/p>\n

PSF*<\/b> \u2014 funkcia rozptylu bodu, opisuj\u00faca obraz, ktor\u00fd syst\u00e9m formovania z\u00edska pri pozorovan\u00ed bodov\u00e9ho zdroja svetla alebo bodov\u00e9ho objektu. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci ozna\u010duj\u00fa tieto met\u00f3dy za funk\u010dn\u00e9, ale nie dokonal\u00e9, preto\u017ee meranie PSF nie je v\u017edy mo\u017en\u00e9 kv\u00f4li, napr\u00edklad, dynamick\u00e9mu charakteru rozptylova\u010da alebo jeho nedostupnosti pred procesom vizualiz\u00e1cie. In\u00fdmi slovami, je na \u010dom pracova\u0165. <\/p>\n

Vo svojom diele v\u00fdskumn\u00edci navrhuj\u00fa in\u00fd pr\u00edstup. Ukazuj\u00fa n\u00e1m met\u00f3du realiz\u00e1cie multispektr\u00e1lnej vizualiz\u00e1cie objektov prostredn\u00edctvom rozptylov\u00e9ho m\u00e9dia pomocou jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho spekl-mera\u010da monochromatickou kamerou. Na rozdiel od in\u00fdch met\u00f3d t\u00e1to nevy\u017eaduje predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face znalosti o PSF syst\u00e9mu alebo spektru zdroja.<\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 met\u00f3da umo\u017e\u0148uje vytvori\u0165 vysokokvalitn\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky cie\u013eov\u00e9ho objektu v piatich dobre oddelen\u00fdch spektr\u00e1lnych kan\u00e1loch medzi 450 nm a 750 nm, \u010do bolo potvrden\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dtami. V praxi sa v\u0161ak zatia\u013e podarilo dosiahnu\u0165 vizualiz\u00e1ciu troch dobre oddelen\u00fdch spektr\u00e1lnych kan\u00e1lov medzi 450 nm a 650 nm a \u0161iestich susedn\u00fdch spektr\u00e1lnych kan\u00e1lov medzi 515 a 575 nm.<\/p>\n

Princ\u00edp fungovania novej met\u00f3dy<\/h3>\n

\n\"Uvidie\u0165
\nObr\u00e1zok \u010d. 1: lampa \u2014 priestorov\u00fd modul\u00e1tor svetla \u2014 rozptylova\u010d (s irisovou clonu) \u2014 k\u00f3dovacia apert\u00fara \u2014 prizm \u2014 optick\u00e9 rel\u00e9 (vizualiz\u00e1cia 1:1) \u2014 monochromatick\u00e1 kamera.<\/i><\/p>\n

V\u00fdskumn\u00edci poznamen\u00e1vaj\u00fa tri z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 prvky akejko\u013evek vizualiz\u00e1cie prostredn\u00edctvom rozptylova\u010da: objekt z\u00e1ujmu (osvetlen\u00fd zvonka alebo samosvietiaci), rozptylova\u010d a detektor.<\/p>\n

Rovnako ako v \u0161tandardn\u00fdch ME syst\u00e9moch, v tejto \u0161t\u00fadii sa sk\u00fama objekt, ktor\u00e9ho uhlov\u00fd rozmer sa nach\u00e1dza v r\u00e1mci zorn\u00e9ho po\u013ea ME a na vzdialenosti u za rozptylova\u010dom. Po interakcii s rozptylova\u010dom svetlo sa \u0161\u00edri na vzdialenos\u0165 v, sk\u00f4r ne\u017e sa dostane na detektor. <\/p>\n

Be\u017en\u00e1 ME-visualiz\u00e1cia pou\u017e\u00edva \u0161tandardn\u00e9 kamery, zatia\u013e \u010do v tejto met\u00f3de sa vyu\u017e\u00edva modul k\u00f3dovacieho detektora, ktor\u00fd sa sklad\u00e1 z k\u00f3dovacej apert\u00fary a optick\u00e9ho prvku z\u00e1visl\u00e9ho od vlnovej d\u013a\u017eky. Cie\u013eom tohto prvku je unik\u00e1tna modul\u00e1cia ka\u017ed\u00e9ho spektr\u00e1lneho kan\u00e1la pred ich spojen\u00edm a transform\u00e1ciou na monochromatickom detektore.<\/p>\n

T\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom, namiesto jednoduch\u00e9ho merania n\u00edzkokonttrastn\u00e9ho spekla, ktor\u00e9ho spektr\u00e1lne kan\u00e1ly s\u00fa neoddelite\u013ene zmie\u0161an\u00e9, bola zaznamenan\u00e1 spektr\u00e1lne multiplexovan\u00e1 sign\u00e1l, ktor\u00fd sa dobre hod\u00ed na separ\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n

Vedci e\u0161te raz zd\u00f4raz\u0148uj\u00fa, \u017ee ich met\u00f3da nevy\u017eaduje \u017eiadne vopred zn\u00e1me charakteristiky ani predpoklady t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa rozptylova\u010da alebo zdroja svetla.<\/p>\n

Po vykonan\u00ed predbe\u017en\u00fdch meran\u00ed multiplexovan\u00e9ho spekla bolo pou\u017eit\u00e9 zn\u00e1me hodnotenie T\u03bb (k\u00f3dovac\u00ed vzor z\u00e1visl\u00fd od vlnovej d\u013a\u017eky) na individu\u00e1lnu rekon\u0161trukciu spekla v ka\u017edej spektr\u00e1lnej p\u00e1sme.<\/p>\n

Vo svojej pr\u00e1ci v \u0161t\u00e1diu v\u00fdpo\u010dtov a modelovania vedci pou\u017eili ur\u010dit\u00e9 met\u00f3dy strojov\u00e9ho u\u010denia, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 pri implement\u00e1cii doteraz nepresk\u00famanej met\u00f3dy. Predov\u0161etk\u00fdm sa vyu\u017eilo u\u010denie rysov zriedkavej matice na reprezent\u00e1ciu spekla. <\/p>\n

U\u010denie rysov*<\/b> \u2014 umo\u017e\u0148uje syst\u00e9mu automaticky n\u00e1js\u0165 reprezent\u00e1cie potrebn\u00e9 na odha\u013eovanie rysov p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch \u00fadajov.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

V\u00fdsledkom bola z\u00e1klad\u0148a tr\u00e9novan\u00e1 na spek\u013eov\u00fdch obrazoch z r\u00f4znych konfigur\u00e1ci\u00ed meran\u00ed. T\u00e1to z\u00e1klad\u0148a je dostato\u010dne generalizovan\u00e1 a nez\u00e1vis\u00ed od konkr\u00e9tnych objektov a rozptylova\u010dov zapojen\u00fdch do generovania masky I\u03bbx, y. In\u00fdmi slovami, syst\u00e9m sa u\u010d\u00ed na z\u00e1klade rozptylova\u010da, ktor\u00fd sa nepou\u017e\u00edva v experiment\u00e1lnej konfigur\u00e1cii, t.j. syst\u00e9m k nemu nem\u00e1 pr\u00edstup, ako chceli vedci.<\/p>\n

Na z\u00edskanie spek\u013eov\u00fdch obrazov na ka\u017edej vlnovej d\u013a\u017eke bol pou\u017eit\u00fd algoritmus OMP (orthogonal matching pursuit<\/i>).<\/p>\n

Nakoniec, vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00edm autokorel\u00e1cie ka\u017ed\u00e9ho spektr\u00e1lneho kan\u00e1la nez\u00e1visle a inverziou autokorel\u00e1cie na ka\u017edej vlnovej d\u013a\u017eke boli z\u00edskan\u00e9 obrazy objektu. Z\u00edskan\u00e9 obrazy na ka\u017edej vlnovej d\u013a\u017eke sa potom spoja na vytvorenie farebn\u00e9ho obrazu objektu.<\/p>\n

\"Uvidie\u0165
\nObr\u00e1zok \u010d. 2: postupn\u00fd proces zostavovania obrazu objektu.
\nT\u00e1to met\u00f3da, pod\u013ea jej autorov, nevytv\u00e1ra \u017eiadne predpoklady o korel\u00e1ci\u00e1ch medzi spektr\u00e1lnymi kan\u00e1lmi a vy\u017eaduje iba predpoklad, \u017ee hodnota vlnovej d\u013a\u017eky je dostato\u010dne n\u00e1hodn\u00e1. Okrem toho t\u00e1to met\u00f3da vy\u017eaduje iba inform\u00e1cie o k\u00f3dovacom detektore, spoliehaj\u00fac sa na predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facu kalibr\u00e1ciu k\u00f3dovacej clony a predtr\u00e9novan\u00fa datab\u00e1zu. Tieto charakteristiky robia t\u00fato met\u00f3du vizualiz\u00e1cie ve\u013emi univerz\u00e1lnou a neinvaz\u00edvnou. <\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky modelovania<\/h3>\n

\nNa za\u010diatok si pozrime v\u00fdsledky modelovania. <\/p>\n

\"Uvidie\u0165
\nObr\u00e1zok \u010d. 3<\/i><\/p>\n

Na obr\u00e1zku vy\u0161\u0161ie s\u00fa pr\u00edklady multispektr\u00e1lneho sn\u00edmku dvoch objektov, vyhotoven\u00e9 cez rozptylova\u010d. Horn\u00fd rad na 3a<\/b> obsahuje objekt z\u00e1ujmu, ktor\u00fd pozost\u00e1va z nieko\u013ek\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsiel, zobrazen\u00fdch ako v falo\u0161nej farbe, tak aj vo rozdelen\u00ed pod\u013ea spektr\u00e1lneho kan\u00e1la. Pri zostavovan\u00ed objektu vo falo\u0161nej farbe sa zobrazuje profil intenzity ka\u017edej vlnovej d\u013a\u017eky v priestore CIE 1931 RGB.<\/p>\n

Rekon\u0161truovan\u00fd objekt (doln\u00fd rad na 3a<\/b>) ako vo falo\u0161nej farbe, tak aj z poh\u013eadu jednotliv\u00fdch spektr\u00e1lnych kan\u00e1lov, demon\u0161truje, \u017ee t\u00e1to met\u00f3da zabezpe\u010duje vynikaj\u00facu vizualiz\u00e1ciu a len zanedbate\u013en\u00fa vz\u00e1jomn\u00fa interakciu medzi spektr\u00e1lnymi kan\u00e1lmi, ktor\u00e1 nehr\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u00falohu v procese.<\/p>\n

Po z\u00edskan\u00ed rekon\u0161truovan\u00e9ho objektu, t.j. po vizualiz\u00e1cii, bolo potrebn\u00e9 zhodnoti\u0165 presnos\u0165 porovnan\u00edm spektr\u00e1lnej intenzity (priemerovanej cez v\u0161etky jasn\u00e9 pixely) skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho objektu a rekon\u0161truovan\u00e9ho (3b<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Na obr\u00e1zkoch 3c<\/b> s\u00fa zobrazen\u00e9 skuto\u010dn\u00fd objekt (horn\u00fd rad) a rekon\u0161truovan\u00fd obraz (doln\u00fd rad) pre bunku z stonky bavlny, a na 3d<\/b> je zobrazen\u00e1 anal\u00fdza presnosti vizualiz\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Na hodnotenie presnosti vizualiz\u00e1cie bolo potrebn\u00e9 vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165 hodnoty koeficientu \u0161truktur\u00e1lnej podobnosti (SSIM) a vrcholov\u00fd pomer sign\u00e1lu k \u0161umu (pSNR) skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho objektu pre ka\u017ed\u00fd spektr\u00e1lny kan\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

\"Uvidie\u0165
\n
\nTabu\u013ea vy\u0161\u0161ie ukazuje, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd z piatich kan\u00e1lov m\u00e1 koeficient SSIM 0,8\u20130,9 a PSNR vy\u0161\u0161ie ako 20. Z toho vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee napriek n\u00edzkemu kontrastu spektra sign\u00e1lu, prekrytie na detektore piatich spektr\u00e1lnych p\u00e1siem so \u0161\u00edrkou 10 nm umo\u017e\u0148uje dostato\u010dne presne rekon\u0161truova\u0165 priestorovo-spektr\u00e1lne vlastnosti sk\u00faman\u00e9ho objektu. In\u00fdmi slovami, metodol\u00f3gia funguje, av\u0161ak ide len o v\u00fdsledky modelovania. Pre \u00fapln\u00fa istotu v svojich zisteniach vedci vykonali rad praktick\u00fdch pokusov.<\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky experimentov<\/h3>\n

\nJedn\u00fdm z najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161\u00edch rozdielov medzi modelovan\u00edm a skuto\u010dn\u00fdmi experimentmi je prostredie, t.j. podmienky, za ktor\u00fdch sa deje to i ono. V prvom pr\u00edpade s\u00fa podmienky kontrolovan\u00e9, v druhom \u2014 nepredv\u00eddate\u013en\u00e9, t.j. ako sa to podar\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Boli presk\u00faman\u00e9 tri spektr\u00e1lne kan\u00e1ly so \u0161\u00edrkou 8-12 nm s centrom na 450, 550 a 650 nm, ktor\u00e9 v kombin\u00e1cii s r\u00f4znymi relat\u00edvnymi hodnotami generuj\u00fa \u0161irok\u00e9 spektrum farieb.<\/p>\n

\"Uvidie\u0165
\nObr\u00e1zok \u010d. 4<\/i><\/p>\n

Na obr\u00e1zku vy\u0161\u0161ie je zn\u00e1zornen\u00e9 porovnanie medzi skuto\u010dn\u00fdm objektom (farebn\u00fd znak \u201eH\u201c) a rekon\u0161truovan\u00fdm. \u010cas sveteln\u00e9ho p\u00f4sobenia (expoz\u00edcia) bol nastaven\u00fd na 1800 s, \u010do umo\u017enilo z\u00edska\u0165 SNR v rozmedz\u00ed 60-70 dB. Tento ukazovate\u013e SNR, pod\u013ea vedcov, nie je mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd pre experiment, ale sl\u00fa\u017ei ako dodato\u010dn\u00e9 potvrdenie fungovania ich metodol\u00f3gie, najm\u00e4 v pr\u00edpade zlo\u017eit\u00fdch objektov. V skuto\u010dnosti, a nie v laborat\u00f3rnych podmienkach, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 t\u00e1to met\u00f3da poriadne r\u00fdchlej\u0161ia.<\/p>\n

Na hornej strane obr\u00e1zka \u010d. 4 je uk\u00e1zan\u00fd objekt na ka\u017edej vlnovej d\u013a\u017eke (z\u013eava doprava) a skuto\u010dn\u00fd plnofarebn\u00fd objekt.<\/p>\n

Aby sa pri vizualiz\u00e1cii z\u00edskal obraz skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho objektu, bola pou\u017eit\u00e1 kamera strojov\u00e9ho videnia s pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdmi p\u00e1smov\u00fdmi filtrami na bezprostredn\u00e9 zobrazenie spektr\u00e1lnych komponentov a z\u00edskanie plnofarebn\u00e9ho obrazu s\u010d\u00edtan\u00edm v\u00fdsledn\u00fdch spektr\u00e1lnych kan\u00e1lov.<\/p>\n

Druh\u00fd rad obr\u00e1zka vy\u0161\u0161ie ukazuje vzory autokorel\u00e1cie ka\u017ed\u00e9ho rekon\u0161truovan\u00e9ho spektr\u00e1lneho kan\u00e1la, ktor\u00e9 vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa multiplexovan\u00e9 merania, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa vstupn\u00fdmi \u00fadajmi pre f\u00e1zu spracovania d\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Tret\u00ed rad je rekon\u0161truovan\u00fd objekt v ka\u017edom spektr\u00e1lnom kan\u00e1li, ako aj rekon\u0161truovan\u00fd full-color objekt, t.j. kone\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdsledok vizualiz\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Full-color obr\u00e1zok ukazuje, \u017ee relat\u00edvne ve\u013ekosti medzi spektr\u00e1lnymi kan\u00e1lmi s\u00fa tie\u017e spr\u00e1vne, preto\u017ee farba spojen\u00e9ho rekon\u0161truovan\u00e9ho obr\u00e1zku zodpoved\u00e1 skuto\u010dnej hodnote a koeficient SSIM dosahuje viac ako 0,92 pre ka\u017ed\u00fd kan\u00e1l.<\/p>\n

Najni\u017e\u0161\u00ed rad potvrdzuje toto tvrdenie, demon\u0161truj\u00fac porovnanie intenzity skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho objektu a rekon\u0161truovan\u00e9ho. D\u00e1ta oboch s\u00fa v s\u00falade vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch spektr\u00e1lnych p\u00e1smach.<\/p>\n

Z toho vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee aj pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 \u0161umu a potenci\u00e1lne chybn\u00e9 modelovanie nebr\u00e1nili dosiahnutiu obr\u00e1zka vysokej kvality, a v\u00fdsledky experimentov sa v\u00fdborne zhoduj\u00fa s v\u00fdsledkami modelovania.<\/p>\n

Vy\u0161\u0161ie op\u00edsan\u00fd pokus bol uskuto\u010dnen\u00fd so zoh\u013eadnen\u00edm oddelen\u00fdch spektr\u00e1lnych kan\u00e1lov. Vedci vykonali \u010fal\u0161\u00ed experiment, ale u\u017e so susedn\u00fdmi kan\u00e1lmi, konkr\u00e9tne s kontinu\u00e1lnym spektr\u00e1lnym p\u00e1smom 60 nm.<\/p>\n

\"Uvidie\u0165
\nObr\u00e1zok \u010d. 5<\/i><\/p>\n

Ako re\u00e1lny objekt sl\u00fa\u017eila p\u00edsmeno \u201eX\u201c a znak \u201e+\u201c (5a<\/b>). Spektrum p\u00edsmena \u201eX\u201c je relat\u00edvne rovnomern\u00e9 a nepretr\u017eit\u00e9 \u2014 medzi 515 a 575 nm, zatia\u013e \u010do znak \u201e+\u201c m\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00e9 spektrum, preva\u017ene umiestnen\u00e9 medzi 535 a 575 nm (5b<\/b>). Na tento experiment bola expoz\u00edcia 120 s na dosiahnutie po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho (rovnako ako predt\u00fdm) SNR 70 dB.<\/p>\n

Taktie\u017e bol pou\u017eit\u00fd p\u00e1smov\u00fd filter s \u0161\u00edrkou 60 nm nad cel\u00fdm objektom a doln\u00fd filter nad znakom \u201e+\u201c. Po\u010das rekon\u0161trukcie sa 60 nm spektrum rozde\u013euje na 6 susedn\u00fdch kan\u00e1lov s \u0161\u00edrkou 10 nm (5b<\/b>).<\/p>\n

Ako m\u00f4\u017eeme vidie\u0165 na obr\u00e1zkoch 5c<\/b>, v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky sa skvele zhoduj\u00fa so skuto\u010dn\u00fdm objektom. Tento experiment uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 alebo nepr\u00edtomnos\u0165 spektr\u00e1lnych korel\u00e1ci\u00ed v meranom spekle nem\u00e1 vplyv na \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 sk\u00famanej met\u00f3dy vizualiz\u00e1cie. Samotn\u00ed vedci sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu \u00falohu v procese vizualiz\u00e1cie, presnej\u0161ie v jeho \u00faspe\u0161nosti, hraj\u00fa nieko\u013eko spektr\u00e1lnych charakterist\u00edk objektu, ale kalibr\u00e1cia syst\u00e9mu a detaily jeho k\u00f3dovacieho detektora.<\/p>\n

Epilog<\/h3>\n

\nV tejto pr\u00e1ci vedci op\u00edsali nov\u00fa met\u00f3du multispektr\u00e1lnej vizualiz\u00e1cie cez rozptylova\u010d. Modula\u010dn\u00e1 spekle, ktor\u00e1 z\u00e1vis\u00ed od vlnovej d\u013a\u017eky, pomocou k\u00f3dovacej apert\u00fary, umo\u017enila vykona\u0165 jedno multiplexovan\u00e9 meranie a vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165 spekel pomocou algoritmu OMP zalo\u017een\u00e9ho na strojovom u\u010den\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Na pr\u00edklade farebn\u00e9ho p\u00edsmena \u201eN\u201c vedci uk\u00e1zali, \u017ee zameranie na p\u00e4\u0165 spektorn\u00fdch kan\u00e1lov, ktor\u00e9 zodpovedaj\u00fa fialovej, zelenej a trom odtie\u0148om \u010dervenej, umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edska\u0165 rekon\u0161trukciu obrazu s obsahom v\u0161etk\u00fdch farieb origin\u00e1lu (modr\u00e1, \u017elt\u00e1 a pod.). <\/p>\n

Pod\u013ea v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov, ich metodika m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 ako v medic\u00edne, tak aj v astron\u00f3mii. Farba nesie d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie v oboch oblastiach: v astron\u00f3mii \u2014 chemick\u00e9 zlo\u017eenie sk\u00faman\u00fdch objektov, v medic\u00edne \u2014 molekul\u00e1rne zlo\u017eenie buniek a tkan\u00edv.<\/p>\n

V tomto \u0161t\u00e1diu vedci zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00fa len jeden probl\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobova\u0165 nepresnosti vizualiz\u00e1cie, a to s\u00fa chyby modelovania. Z d\u00f4vodu relat\u00edvne dlh\u00e9ho \u010dasu potrebn\u00e9ho na vykonanie procesu m\u00f4\u017eu nasta\u0165 zmeny v okol\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 prines\u00fa svoje \u00fapravy, nezoh\u013eadnen\u00e9 v pr\u00edpravnej f\u00e1ze. Av\u0161ak v bud\u00facnosti sa pl\u00e1nuje n\u00e1js\u0165 sp\u00f4sob, ako t\u00fato problematiku eliminova\u0165, \u010do umo\u017en\u00ed spravi\u0165 pop\u00edsan\u00fa met\u00f3du vizualiz\u00e1cie nielen presnou, ale aj stabilnou za ak\u00fdchko\u013evek podmienok.<\/p>\n

Petkov offtop:<\/b>

\r\n \"Prehrajte\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nSvetlo, farba, hudba a trio najzn\u00e1mej\u0161\u00edch modr\u00fdch \u201epodiv\u00ednov\u201c na svete (Blue Man Group).<\/i><\/p>\n

\u010eakujem za pozornos\u0165, zost\u00e1vajte zvedav\u00ed a prajem v\u00e1m v\u0161etk\u00fdm skvel\u00fd v\u00edkend, kamar\u00e1ti! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n

\n\u010eakujeme, \u017ee s nami zost\u00e1vate. P\u00e1\u010dia sa v\u00e1m na\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nky? Chcete vidie\u0165 viac zauj\u00edmav\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov? Podporte n\u00e1s objednan\u00edm alebo odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00edm priate\u013eom, 30% z\u013eava pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov Chabra na unik\u00e1tny ekvivalent entry-level serverov, ktor\u00fd sme pre v\u00e1s vytvorili:<\/b> V\u0161etky pravdy o VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 jadier) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps od 20 dol\u00e1rov alebo ako spr\u00e1vne rozdeli\u0165 server?<\/a><\/noindex> (k dispoz\u00edcii varianty s RAID1 a RAID10, a\u017e 24 jadier a a\u017e 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd za polovicu?<\/b> Len u n\u00e1s 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB od 199 dol\u00e1rov<\/a><\/noindex> v Holandsku! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 od 99 dol\u00e1rov!<\/b><\/b> Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si o tom Ako vybudova\u0165 infra\u0161trukt\u00faru korpor\u00e1tneho typu s pou\u017eit\u00edm serverov Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 s cenou 9000 eur za zlomok ceny?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Pre podrobnej\u0161ie obozn\u00e1menie sa s nuansami v\u00fdskumu odpor\u00fa\u010dam nahliadnu\u0165 do spr\u00e1vy vedcov<\/a><\/noindex> a \u010fal\u0161ie materi\u00e1ly<\/a><\/noindex> k nej.<\/p>\n