{"id":36873,"date":"2019-10-31T22:14:26","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:14:26","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:14:26","slug":"server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/server-dvuhfaktornoj-avtorizatsii-linotp","title":{"rendered":"Server dvojfaktorovej autoriz\u00e1cie LinOTP","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Server
\n
\nDnes sa chcem podeli\u0165 o to, ako nastavi\u0165 server pre dvojfaktorov\u00fa autentifik\u00e1ciu na ochranu firemnej siete, webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok, slu\u017eieb, ssh. Na serveri bude fungova\u0165 kombin\u00e1cia: LinOTP + FreeRadius. <\/p>\n

Pre\u010do ho potrebujeme?
\nJe to \u00faplne bezplatn\u00e9, pohodln\u00e9 rie\u0161enie vo vn\u00fatri va\u0161ej siete, nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 od extern\u00fdch poskytovate\u013eov.<\/p>\n

Tento servis je ve\u013emi pohodln\u00fd, dos\u0165 preh\u013eadn\u00fd, na rozdiel od in\u00fdch open source produktov, a podporuje obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo funkci\u00ed a polit\u00edk (napr\u00edklad login+password+(PIN+OTPToken)). Cez API sa integruje so slu\u017ebami na odosielanie SMS (LinOTP Config->Provider Config->SMS Provider), generuje k\u00f3dy pre mobiln\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie ako Google Authenticator a mnoho \u010fal\u0161ieho. Pova\u017eujem ho za pohodlnej\u0161\u00ed ako slu\u017ebu, o ktorej sa diskutuje. \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Tento server skvele funguje s Cisco ASA, OpenVPN serverom, Apache2 a takmer so v\u0161etk\u00fdm, \u010do podporuje autentifik\u00e1ciu cez RADIUS server (napr\u00edklad pre SSH v datacentr\u00e1ch).<\/p>\n

Vy\u017eaduje sa:<\/p>\n

1 ) Debian 8 (jessie) \u2014 Ur\u010dite!<\/b> (sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00e1 in\u0161tal\u00e1cia na debian 9 je op\u00edsan\u00e1 na konci \u010dl\u00e1nku)<\/p>\n

Za\u010diatok:<\/p>\n

In\u0161talujeme Debian 8.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nPrid\u00e1vame repozit\u00e1r LinOTP:<\/p>\n

# echo 'deb http:\/\/www.linotp.org\/apt\/debian jessie linotp' > \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/linotp.list<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nPrid\u00e1vame k\u013e\u00fa\u010de:<\/p>\n
# gpg --search-keys 913DFF12F86258E5<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nNiekedy pri \u201e\u010distej\u201c in\u0161tal\u00e1cii, po vykonan\u00ed tejto pr\u00edkazu, Debian vyhod\u00ed: <\/p>\n
gpg: vytvoren\u00fd adres\u00e1r `\/root\/.gnupg`\ngpg: vytvoren\u00fd nov\u00fd s\u00fabor nastaven\u00ed `\/root\/.gnupg\/gpg.conf`\ngpg: POZOR: parametre v `\/root\/.gnupg\/gpg.conf` e\u0161te nie s\u00fa akt\u00edvne pri tomto spusten\u00ed\ngpg: vytvoren\u00e1 tabu\u013eka k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov `\/root\/.gnupg\/secring.gpg`\ngpg: vytvoren\u00e1 tabu\u013eka k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov `\/root\/.gnupg\/pubring.gpg`\ngpg: nie s\u00fa nastaven\u00e9 servery k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov (pou\u017eite --keyserver)\ngpg: zlyhanie pri vyh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00ed na serveri k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov: zl\u00fd URI\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nToto je po\u010diato\u010dn\u00e9 nastavenie gnupg. Ni\u010d stra\u0161n\u00e9. Jednoducho pr\u00edkaz vykonajte znova.
\nNa ot\u00e1zku Debiana:<\/p>\n
gpg: vyh\u013ead\u00e1vanie \"913DFF12F86258E5\" na hkp serveri keys.gnupg.net\n(1)\tLSE LinOTP2 Packaging \n\t  2048 bit RSA k\u013e\u00fa\u010d F86258E5, vytvoren\u00fd: 2010-05-10\nK\u013e\u00fa\u010de 1-1 z 1 pre \"913DFF12F86258E5\". Zadajte \u010d\u00edsla, N) \u010eal\u0161\u00ed alebo Q) Ukon\u010di\u0165><\/code><\/pre>\n
\nOdpoved\u00e1me: 1<\/p>\n
\u010ealej: <\/p>\n
# gpg --export 913DFF12F86258E5 | apt-key add -<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nIn\u0161talujeme mysql. Teoreticky je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 in\u00fd sql server, ale na jednoduchos\u0165 budem pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ten, ktor\u00fd je odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00fd pre LinOTP.<\/p>\n
(\u010fal\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie, vr\u00e1tane rekonfigur\u00e1cie datab\u00e1zy LinOTP, n\u00e1jdete v ofici\u00e1lnej dokument\u00e1cii k odkaze<\/a><\/noindex>. Tam n\u00e1jdete aj pr\u00edkaz: dpkg-reconfigure linotp na zmenu parametrov, ak ste u\u017e nain\u0161talovali mysql).<\/p>\n
# apt-get install mysql-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
 (e\u0161te raz skontrolova\u0165 aktualiz\u00e1cie neu\u0161kod\u00ed)
\nIn\u0161talujeme LinOTP a doplnkov\u00e9 moduly:<\/p>\n
# apt-get install linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nOdpoved\u00e1me na ot\u00e1zky in\u0161tal\u00e1tora: 
\nPou\u017ei\u0165 Apache2: \u00e1no
\nZvo\u013ete heslo pre admin Linotp: \u201eVa\u0161eHeslo\u201c
\nVygenerova\u0165 samopodp\u00edsan\u00fd certifik\u00e1t?: \u00e1no
\nPou\u017ei\u0165 MySQL?: \u00e1no
\nKde sa nach\u00e1dza datab\u00e1za: localhost
\nVytv\u00e1rame datab\u00e1zu LinOTP (n\u00e1zov datab\u00e1zy) na serveri: LinOTP2
\nVytv\u00e1rame samostatn\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea pre datab\u00e1zu: LinOTP2
\nNastavte heslo pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea: \u00abVa\u0161eHeslo\u00bb
\nChcete teraz vytvori\u0165 datab\u00e1zu? (nie\u010do ako \u201eSte si ist\u00fd, \u017ee chcete\u2026\u201c): \u00e1no
\nZadajte heslo root pre MySQL, ktor\u00e9 ste vytvorili pri jeho in\u0161tal\u00e1cii: \u00abVa\u0161eHeslo\u00bb
\nHotovo.<\/p>\n
(volite\u013en\u00e9, nie je potrebn\u00e9 nastavi\u0165)<\/p>\n
# apt-get install linotp-adminclient-cli <\/code><\/pre>\n
\n(volite\u013en\u00e9, nie je potrebn\u00e9 nastavi\u0165)<\/p>\n
# apt-get install libpam-linotp  <\/code><\/pre>\n
\nA tak je n\u00e1\u0161 webov\u00fd rozhranie LinOTP teraz dostupn\u00e9 na adrese: <\/p>\n
"<b>https<\\\/b>: \\\\\\\/\\\\\\\/IP_servera\\\\\\\/manage"<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nO nastaveniach vo webovom rozhran\u00ed sa zmienim nesk\u00f4r.<\/p>\n
Teraz to najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie! Sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ame FreeRadius a prepojujeme ho s LinOTP.<\/p>\n
In\u0161talujeme FreeRadius a modul pre pr\u00e1cu s LinOTP<\/p>\n
# apt-get install freeradius linotp-freeradius-perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nrob\u00edme z\u00e1lohu konfigur\u00e1ci\u00ed klienta a pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov radiusu.<\/p>\n
# mv \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf  \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.old<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# mv \/etc\/freeradius\/users  \/etc\/freeradius\/users.old<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nVytv\u00e1rame pr\u00e1zdny s\u00fabor klienta:<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nUpravujeme n\u00e1\u0161 nov\u00fd konfigura\u010dn\u00fd s\u00fabor (z\u00e1lohovan\u00fd konfigur\u00e1cia m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00e1 ako pr\u00edklad)<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/clients.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
client 192.168.188.0\/24 {\nsecret  = passwd # heslo pre pripojenie klientov\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nPotom vytv\u00e1rame s\u00fabor users:<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/users<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nUpravujeme s\u00fabor a hovor\u00edme radiusu, \u017ee budeme pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 perl na autentifik\u00e1ciu.<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/users<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
DEFAULT Auth-type := perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nPotom upravujeme s\u00fabor \/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/perl<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nMus\u00edme zada\u0165 cestu k perl skriptu linotp v parametri module: <\/p>\n
Perl { .......\n.........\nmodule = \/usr\/lib\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm<\/code><\/pre>\n
\n\u2026
\nPotom vytv\u00e1rame s\u00fabor, v ktorom hovor\u00edme, z ktor\u00e9ho (dom\u00e9ny, datab\u00e1zy alebo s\u00faboru) bra\u0165 d\u00e1ta.<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
URL=https:\/\/IP_v\u00e1\u0161ho_LinOTP_servera(192.168.X.X)\/validate\/simplecheck\nREALM=webusers1c\nRESCONF=LocalUser\nDebug=True\nSSL_CHECK=False<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTu sa zastav\u00edm podrobnej\u0161ie, preto\u017ee je to d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9:<\/p>\n
\u00dapln\u00fd popis s\u00faboru s koment\u00e1rmi:
\n#IP of the linotp server (IP \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e LinOTP \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430)
\nURL=https:\/\/172.17.14.103\/validate\/simplecheck
\n#\u041d\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0435 LinOTP.)
\nREALM=rearm1
\n#\u0418\u043c\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u044e\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0435 LinOTP.
\nRESCONF=flat_file
\n#optional: comment out if everything seems to work fine
\nDebug=True
\n#optional: use this, if you have selfsigned certificates, otherwise comment out (SSL \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c)
\nSSL_CHECK=False<\/p>\n
Potom vytvor\u00edme s\u00fabor \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/p>\n
# touch \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-available\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nA skop\u00edrujeme do\u0148 konfigur\u00e1ciu (ni\u010d netreba upravova\u0165):<\/p>\n
authorize {\n#normalizes maleformed client request before handed on to other modules (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/preprocess')\npreprocess\n#  If you are using multiple kinds of realms, you probably\n#  want to set \"ignore_null = yes\" for all of them.\n#  Otherwise, when the first style of realm doesn't match,\n#  the other styles won't be checked.\n#allows a list of realm (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nIPASS\n#understands something like USER@REALM and can tell the components apart (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nsuffix\n#understands USERREALM and can tell the components apart (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/realm')\nntdomain\n#  Read the 'users' file to learn about special configuration which should be applied for\n# certain users (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/files')\nfiles\n# allows to let authentification to expire (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/expiration')\nexpiration\n# allows to define valid service-times (see '\/etc\/freeradius\/modules\/logintime')\nlogintime\n# We got no radius_shortname_map!\npap\n}\n#here the linotp perl module is called for further processing\nauthenticate {\nperl\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nPotom vytvor\u00edme symbolick\u00fd odkaz:<\/p>\n
# ln -s ..\/sites-available\/linotp \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nOsobne zni\u010d\u00edm predvolen\u00e9 Radius weby, ale ak ich potrebujete, m\u00f4\u017eete bu\u010f upravi\u0165 ich konfigur\u00e1ciu, alebo ich vypn\u00fa\u0165.<\/p>\n
# rm \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled\/default<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# rm \/etc\/freeradius\/sites-enabled\/inner-tunnel<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# service freeradius reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
\nTeraz sa vr\u00e1time k webov\u00e9mu rozhraniu a pozrieme sa na\u0148 podrobnej\u0161ie:
\nV pravom hornom rohu klikneme na LinOTP Config -> UserIdResolvers -> Nov\u00fd
\nVyber\u00e1me, \u010do chceme: LDAP (AD win, LDAP samba), alebo SQL, alebo miestni pou\u017e\u00edvatelia syst\u00e9mu Flatfile. <\/p>\n
Vypl\u0148ujeme po\u017eadovan\u00e9 polia.<\/p>\n
\u010ealej vytv\u00e1rame REALMS:
\nV pravom hornom rohu klikneme na LinOTP Config -> Realms -> Nov\u00fd. 
\na d\u00e1me meno n\u00e1\u0161mu REALMS, a tie\u017e klikneme na predt\u00fdm vytvoren\u00fd UserIdResolvers.<\/p>\n
V\u0161etky tieto \u00fadaje s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 pre freeRadius v s\u00fabore \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini, o \u010dom som p\u00edsal vy\u0161\u0161ie, tak\u017ee ak ste ho e\u0161te neupravili, urobte to teraz.<\/p>\n
Server je nastaven\u00fd.<\/p>\n
Doplnenie:<\/p>\n
Nastavenie LinOTP na Debian 9<\/b>:<\/p>\n
In\u0161tal\u00e1cia: <\/p>\n
# echo 'deb http:\/\/linotp.org\/apt\/debian stretch linotp' > \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/linotp.list <\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install dirmngr<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-key adv --recv-keys 913DFF12F86258E5\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
# apt-get install mysql-server<\/code><\/pre>\n
 (predvolene, v Debian 9 mysql (mariaDB) nenab\u00edz\u00ed nastavi\u0165 heslo pre u\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea root, samozrejme, m\u00f4\u017eete ho necha\u0165 aj pr\u00e1zdne, ale ak sledujete spr\u00e1vy, ve\u013emi \u010dasto to vedie k 'epic failom', tak\u017ee ho aj tak nastav\u00edme)<\/p>\n
# mysql -u root -p<\/code><\/pre>\n
pou\u017eite mysql;<\/code><\/pre>\n
UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('tu_heslo') WHERE User = 'root';\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
exit<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install linotp-adminclient-cli<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt-get install python-ldap<\/code><\/pre>\n
# apt install freeradius<\/code><\/pre>\n
# nano \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/sites-enabled\/linotp<\/code><\/pre>\n
Vklad\u00e1me k\u00f3d (poslan\u00fd JuriM, za \u010do mu \u010fakujeme!):<\/p>\n
server linotp {
\nlisten {
\n ipaddr = *
\n port = 1812
\n type = auth
\n}
\nlisten {
\n ipaddr = *
\n port = 1813
\n type = acct
\n}
\nauthorize { 
\n preprocess
\n update { 
\n &control:Auth-Type := Perl
\n } 
\n} 
\nauthenticate {
\n Auth-Type Perl {
\n perl
\n }
\n}
\naccounting {
\n unix
\n}
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Upravujeme \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/mods-enabled\/perl<\/p>\n
perl {
\n filename = \/usr\/share\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm
\n func_authenticate = authenticate
\n func_authorize = authorize
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
Bohu\u017eia\u013e, v debian 9 kni\u017enica radius_linotp.pm nie je dostupn\u00e1 z repozit\u00e1rov, tak\u017ee si ju vezmeme z githubu.<\/p>\n
# apt install git<\/code><\/pre>\n
# git clone https:\/\/github.com\/LinOTP\/linotp-auth-freeradius-perl<\/code><\/pre>\n
# cd linotp-auth-freeradius-perl\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
# cp radius_linotp.pm \/usr\/share\/linotp\/radius_linotp.pm<\/code><\/pre>\n
teraz uprav\u00edme \/etc\/freeradius\/3.0\/clients.conf <\/p>\n
client servers {
\n ipaddr = 192.168.188.0\/24
\n secret = va\u0161eheslo
\n}<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
teraz uprav\u00edme nano \/etc\/linotp2\/rlm_perl.ini<\/p>\n
Vklad\u00e1me tam ten ist\u00fd k\u00f3d, ktor\u00fd sme pou\u017eili pri in\u0161tal\u00e1cii na debian 8 (op\u00edsan\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161ie)<\/p>\n
v ide\u00e1lnom pr\u00edpade je v\u0161etko. (zatia\u013e netestovan\u00e9)<\/p>\n
Nech\u00e1m ni\u017e\u0161ie nieko\u013eko odkazu na nastavenie syst\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e9 \u010dasto potrebuj\u00fa chr\u00e1ni\u0165 dvojfaktorovou autoriz\u00e1ciou: 
\nNastavenie dvojfaktorovej autentifik\u00e1cie v Apache2<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Nastavenie s Cisco ASA<\/a><\/noindex>(tam sa pou\u017e\u00edva in\u00fd server na generovanie tokenov, ale nastavenia samotnej ASA s\u00fa rovnak\u00e9).<\/p>\n
VPN s dvojfaktorovou autentifik\u00e1ciou<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n
Nastavenie dvojfaktorov\u00e1 autentifik\u00e1cia v ssh<\/a><\/noindex> (tam sa tie\u017e pou\u017e\u00edva LinOTP) \u2014 \u010fakujeme autorovi. Tam sa tie\u017e daj\u00fa n\u00e1js\u0165 zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 veci k nastaveniu polit\u00edk LiOTP.<\/p>\n
Rovnako cms mnoh\u00fdch str\u00e1nok podporuj\u00fa dvojfaktorov\u00fa autentifik\u00e1ciu (pre WordPress m\u00e1 LinOTP dokonca svoj vlastn\u00fd \u0161peci\u00e1lny modul na github<\/a><\/noindex>), napr\u00edklad, ak chcete na svojej podnikovej str\u00e1nke vytvori\u0165 chr\u00e1nen\u00fa sekciu pre zamestnancov spolo\u010dnosti.
\nD\u00d4LE\u017dIT\u00c1 FAKT! Neposielajte za\u010diarknutie \u201eGoogle autentifik\u00e1tor\u201c na pou\u017eitie Google autentifik\u00e1tora! QR k\u00f3d sa potom ned\u00e1 na\u010d\u00edta\u0165... (podivn\u00fd fakt)<\/p>\n
Na nap\u00edsanie \u010dl\u00e1nku bola pou\u017eit\u00e1 inform\u00e1cia z nasleduj\u00facich \u010dl\u00e1nkov:
\nitnan.ru\/post.php?c=1&p=270571<\/a><\/noindex>
\nwww.digitalbears.net\/?p=469<\/a><\/noindex> <\/p>\n
\u010eakujem autorom.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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