{"id":37155,"date":"2019-10-31T22:16:03","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novaya-statya-testirovanie-zhestkih-diskov-obemom-14-16-tbajt-ne-tolko-bolshe-no-i-luchshe\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:16:03","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:16:03","slug":"novaya-statya-testirovanie-zhestkih-diskov-obemom-14-16-tbajt-ne-tolko-bolshe-no-i-luchshe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/novaya-statya-testirovanie-zhestkih-diskov-obemom-14-16-tbajt-ne-tolko-bolshe-no-i-luchshe","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nok: Testovanie pevn\u00fdch diskov s kapacitou 14\u201316 TB: nielen v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie, ale aj lep\u0161ie","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Kapacita pevn\u00edch disk\u016f se neust\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje, ale tempo r\u016fstu se v posledn\u00edch letech neust\u00e1le zpomaluje. Nap\u0159\u00edklad k uveden\u00ed prvn\u00edho \u00falo\u017en\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed s kapacitou 4 TB na trh, pot\u00e9 co se objevily 2TB HDD, pot\u0159eboval pr\u016fmysl pouh\u00e9 dva roky, na p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed hranice 8 TB to trvalo t\u0159i roky a zdvojn\u00e1soben\u00ed objemu 3,5palcov\u00e9ho pevn\u00e9ho disku bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 a\u017e po p\u011bti letech.<\/p>\n

Posledn\u00fd skok sa uskuto\u010dnil v\u010faka cel\u00e9mu zoznamu inovat\u00edvnych rie\u0161en\u00ed. Dnes aj tak\u00ed konzervat\u00edvci ako Toshiba, ktor\u00e1 do poslednej chv\u00edle odmietala h\u00e9lium, musia vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 pevn\u00e9 disky v hermetick\u00fdch puzdr\u00e1ch, pri\u010dom po\u010det platn\u00ed na hriadeli sa zv\u00fd\u0161il na dev\u00e4\u0165 kusov \u2013 hoci kedysi a dlh\u00fd \u010das p\u00e4\u0165 platn\u00ed sa pova\u017eovalo za rozumn\u00fd limit. V \u0161pecifick\u00fdch nik\u00e1ch sa pou\u017e\u00edva technol\u00f3gia tzv. \u0161indlov\u00e9ho zaznamen\u00e1vania (SMR, Shingled Magnetic Recording), v r\u00e1mci ktorej sa dr\u00e1hy sektorov na platni \u010diasto\u010dne prekr\u00fdvaj\u00fa. A nakoniec, aby sa posunul limit kapacity pevn\u00e9ho disku z 14 na 16 TB bez pou\u017eitia SMR, v\u00fdrobcovia museli zavies\u0165 jednu z perspekt\u00edvnych technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch zoznam sa postupne skracuje, a tento zoznam reprodukujeme ka\u017ed\u00fd rok z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch<\/a><\/noindex>, \u2013 \u010d\u00edtanie dr\u00e1hy viacer\u00fdmi hlavami s\u00fa\u010dasne (TDMR, Two-Dimensional Magnetic Recording). \u010eal\u0161\u00ed pokrok si sk\u00f4r \u010di nesk\u00f4r vy\u017eiada aj rozsiahlej\u0161ie zmeny v z\u00e1kladoch fungovania HDD \u2013 ako je preds\u00favanie platne pomocou lasera alebo mikrov\u013an (HAMR\/MAMR, Heat\/Microwave-Assisted Magnetic Recording) v momente prechodu zapisovacej hlavy.<\/p>\n

Je v\u0161ak snadno post\u0159ehnuteln\u00e9, \u017ee v\u0161echny popsan\u00e9 techniky jsou zam\u011b\u0159eny p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed hustoty z\u00e1znamu a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed objemu na jednom v\u0159etenu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e mnoh\u00e9 z nich maj\u00ed blahod\u00e1rn\u00fd vedlej\u0161\u00ed efekt v podob\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 rychlosti sekven\u010dn\u00edho \u010dten\u00ed a z\u00e1pisu dat. V tomto parametru se modern\u00ed HDD dostaly p\u0159es hranici 250 MB\/s a u\u017e jsou srovnateln\u00e9 s prvotn\u00edmi spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdmi SSD. Ale rychlost p\u0159\u00edstupu k n\u00e1hodn\u00fdm sektor\u016fm magnetick\u00fdch disk\u016f t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nikam nepokro\u010dila a v p\u0159epo\u010dtu na objem se po\u010det operac\u00ed za sekundu st\u00e1v\u00e1 jen men\u0161\u00edm. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se zvy\u0161uj\u00ed po\u017eadavky na spolehlivost, proto\u017ee \u010d\u00edm v\u00edce dat je ulo\u017eeno na jednom v\u0159etenu, t\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je je neztratit a t\u00edm d\u00e9le trv\u00e1 jejich obnova.<\/p>\n

\"Nov\u00fd<\/p>\n

Ale aj na t\u00fato v\u00fdzvu na\u0161li tvorcovia magnetick\u00fdch \u00falo\u017e\u00edsk odpove\u010f. Vzali sme tri pevn\u00e9 disky s objemom od 14 do 16 TB, aby sme zistili, ako sa technol\u00f3gie 64-ro\u010dnej hist\u00f3rie prisp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa realit\u00e1m roku 2019, a v\u0161imli sme si nieko\u013eko trendov. Majstrovsk\u00e9 vzorky modern\u00fdch 3,5-palcov\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch diskov vyroben\u00fdch pre rackov\u00e9 servery a \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 syst\u00e9my maj\u00fa nie\u010do spolo\u010dn\u00e9 s flash pam\u00e4\u0165ami \u2013 od princ\u00edpov adresovania sektorov po priamu integr\u00e1ciu flash \u010dipov do lok\u00e1lneho pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9ho z\u00e1sobn\u00edka. A spotrebite\u013esk\u00e9 modely sa naopak pribl\u00ed\u017eili svojimi vlastnos\u0165ami k serverov\u00fdm anal\u00f3gom, a dokonca aj opis \u201edesktopov\u00fd HDD\u201c u\u017e to\u013eko nehovor\u00ed o v\u00fdkonnosti a d\u00f4veryhodnosti zariadenia. Ale \u00falohou tejto recenzie nie je obmedzi\u0165 sa na v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 slov\u00e1. Chceme zisti\u0165, ako sa nov\u00e9 trendy v kon\u0161trukcii pevn\u00fdch diskov prejavuj\u00fa vo pevne stanoven\u00fdch \u010d\u00edslach v\u00fdkonu.<\/p>\n

\u2b07<\/a><\/noindex>#<\/a><\/noindex>Technick\u00e9 \u0161pecifik\u00e1cie \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov testovania<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Predt\u00fdm, ako za\u010dneme analyzova\u0165 testovacie v\u00fdsledky, je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 d\u00f4kladne presk\u00fama\u0165 charakteristiky zariaden\u00ed, s ktor\u00fdmi budeme ma\u0165 do\u010dinenia. Tentokr\u00e1t ich nie je to\u013eko, ako zvy\u010dajne v na\u0161ich skupinov\u00fdch testovaniach, ale splnili sme hlavn\u00e9 podmienky, bez ktor\u00fdch porovnanie pevn\u00fdch diskov nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za komplexn\u00e9. V preh\u013eade sa z\u00fa\u010dastnili produkty v\u0161etk\u00fdch troch v\u00fdrobcov \u2013 Seagate, Toshiba a Western Digital, a patr\u00ed do r\u00f4znych kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed: spotrebite\u013eskej a serverovej. Hlavn\u00e9 charakteristiky, ktor\u00e9 ich sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa, s\u00fa objem 14 alebo 16 TB, hermetick\u00fd obal naplnen\u00fd h\u00e9liom a r\u00fdchlos\u0165 ot\u00e1\u010dania 7200 ot.\/min. A na porovnanie s \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdmi v\u00e1hami sa do testovania zap\u00e1jaj\u00fa tri u\u017e zn\u00e1me zariadenia men\u0161ieho objemu (10 a 12 TB), navrhnut\u00e9 na prev\u00e1dzku na serveroch, dom\u00e1com alebo kancel\u00e1rskom NAS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
V\u00fdrobca<\/th>\nSeagate<\/th>\nToshiba<\/th>\nWestern Digital<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u00e9ria<\/td>\nBarraCuda Pro<\/td>\nExos X10<\/td>\nIronWolf<\/td>\nMG08<\/td>\nS300<\/td>\nUltrastar DC HC530<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Modelov\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo<\/td>\nST14000DM001<\/td>\nST10000NM0016<\/td>\nST12000VN0008<\/td>\nMG08ACA16TE<\/td>\nHDWT31AUZSVA<\/td>\nWUH721414ALE6L4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Form\u00e1t<\/td>\n3,5 palca<\/td>\n3,5 palca<\/td>\n3,5 palca<\/td>\n3,5 palca<\/td>\n3,5 palca<\/td>\n3,5 palca<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rozhranie<\/td>\nSATA 6 Gb\/s<\/td>\nSATA 6 Gb\/s<\/td>\nSATA 6 Gb\/s<\/td>\nSATA 6 Gb\/s<\/td>\nSATA 6 Gb\/s<\/td>\nSATA 6 Gb\/s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kapacita, GB<\/td>\n14 000<\/td>\n10 000<\/td>\n12 000<\/td>\n16 000<\/td>\n10 000<\/td>\n14 000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Konfigur\u00e1cia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
R\u00fdchlos\u0165 ot\u00e1\u010dania hriade\u013ea, ot.\/min<\/td>\n7 200<\/td>\n7 200<\/td>\n7 200<\/td>\n7 200<\/td>\n7 200<\/td>\n7 200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00da\u017eitkov\u00e1 hustota nahr\u00e1vania d\u00e1t, GB\/pl\u00e1tno<\/td>\n1 750<\/td>\n1 429<\/td>\n1 500<\/td>\n1 778<\/td>\n1 429<\/td>\n1 750<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Po\u010det platn\u00ed\/hl\u00e1v<\/td>\n8\/16<\/td>\n7\/14<\/td>\n8\/16<\/td>\n9\/18<\/td>\n7\/14<\/td>\n8\/16<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ve\u013ekos\u0165 sektora, bajt<\/td>\n4096 (emul\u00e1cia 512 bajtov)<\/td>\n4096 (emul\u00e1cia 512 bajtov)<\/td>\n4096 (emul\u00e1cia 512 bajtov)<\/td>\n4096 (emul\u00e1cia 512 bajtov)<\/td>\n4096 (emul\u00e1cia 512 bajtov)<\/td>\n4096 (emul\u00e1cia 512 bajtov)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Kapacita vyrovn\u00e1vacej pam\u00e4te, MB<\/td>\n256<\/td>\n256<\/td>\n256<\/td>\n512<\/td>\n256<\/td>\n512<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00fdkon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Max. stabiln\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 sekven\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edtania, MB\/s<\/td>\n250<\/td>\n249<\/td>\n210<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\n248<\/td>\n267<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Max. stabiln\u00e1 r\u00fdchlos\u0165 sekven\u010dn\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu, MB\/s<\/td>\n250<\/td>\n249<\/td>\n210<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\n248<\/td>\n267<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Priemern\u00fd \u010das vyh\u013ead\u00e1vania: \u010d\u00edtanie\/z\u00e1pis, ms<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\n7,5\/NM<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di zlyhaniam<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vypo\u010d\u00edtan\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e, TB\/g<\/td>\n300<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\n180<\/td>\n550<\/td>\n180<\/td>\n550<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Neopravyite\u013en\u00e9 chyby \u010d\u00edtania, po\u010det pr\u00edpadov na objem \u00fadajov (bit)<\/td>\n1\/10^15<\/td>\n1\/10^15<\/td>\n1\/10^15<\/td>\n10\/10^16<\/td>\n10\/10^14<\/td>\n1\/10^15<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
MTBF (priemern\u00fd \u010das prev\u00e1dzky bez poruchy), h<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\n2 500 000<\/td>\n1 000 000<\/td>\n2 500 000<\/td>\n1 000 000<\/td>\n2 500 000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
AFR (pravdepodobnos\u0165 poruchy za rok), %<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\n0,35<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\n0,35<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Po\u010det cyklov parkovania hl\u00e1v<\/td>\n300 000<\/td>\n600 000<\/td>\n600 000<\/td>\n600 000<\/td>\n600 000<\/td>\n600 000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Fyzik\u00e1lne charakteristiky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Power consumption: idle\/read-write, W<\/td>\n4,9\/6,9<\/td>\n4,5\/8,4<\/td>\n5,0\/7,8<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\n7,15\/9,48<\/td>\n5,5\/6,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00darove\u0148 hluku: ne\u010dinnos\u0165\/h\u013eadanie, B<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\n1,8\/2,8<\/td>\n2,0\/ND<\/td>\n3,4\/ND<\/td>\n2,0\/3,6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Maxim\u00e1lna teplota, \u00b0C: disk zapnut\u00fd\/disk vypnut\u00fd<\/td>\n60\/70<\/td>\n60\/ND<\/td>\n70\/70<\/td>\n55\/70<\/td>\n70\/70<\/td>\n60\/70<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
N\u00e1razuvzdornos\u0165: disk zapnut\u00fd\/disk vypnut\u00fd<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\n40 g (2 ms)\/250 g (2 ms)<\/td>\n70 g (2 ms)\/250 g (2 ms)<\/td>\n70 g (2 ms)\/250 g (2 ms)<\/td>\n70 g (2 ms)\/250 g (2 ms)<\/td>\n70 g (2 ms)\/300 g (2 ms)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rozmery: D \u00d7 \u0160 \u00d7 H, mm<\/td>\n147 \u00d7 101,9 \u00d7 26,1<\/td>\n147 \u00d7 101,9 \u00d7 26,1<\/td>\n147 \u00d7 101,9 \u00d7 26,1<\/td>\n147 \u00d7 101,9 \u00d7 26,1<\/td>\n147 \u00d7 101,9 \u00d7 26,1<\/td>\n147 \u00d7 101,6 \u00d7 26,1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Hmotnos\u0165, g<\/td>\n690<\/td>\n650<\/td>\n690<\/td>\n720<\/td>\n770<\/td>\n690<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Z\u00e1ru\u010dn\u00e1 doba, roky<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e1 maloobchodn\u00e1 cena (USA, bez dane), $<\/td>\nOd 549 (newegg.com)<\/td>\nOd 289 (newegg.com)<\/td>\nOd 351 (newegg.com)<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\nOd 301 (newegg.com)<\/td>\nOd 439 (amazon.com)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00e1 maloobchodn\u00e1 cena (Rusko), rub.<\/td>\nOd 34 348 (market.yandex.ru)<\/td>\nOd 17 498 (market.yandex.ru)<\/td>\nOd 26 320 (market.yandex.ru)<\/td>\nN\/A<\/td>\nOd 19 784 (market.yandex.ru)<\/td>\nOd 27 495 (market.yandex.ru)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Prv\u00fd model v na\u0161ej skromnej kolekcii pevn\u00fdch diskov neskr\u00fdvan\u00e9ho objemu \u2013 BarraCuda Pro 14 TB \u2013 je \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043fite\u013e pre stoln\u00e9 PC a DAS, ale nie oby\u010dajn\u00fd, ale \u201eprofesion\u00e1lny\u201c. Na jednej strane to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee BarraCuda Pro sa vystavuje typick\u00fdm obmedzeniam desktopov\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch diskov. Napr\u00edklad nie je ur\u010den\u00e1 na sp\u00e1janie do RAID pol\u00ed, preto\u017ee na to je \u017eiaduce ma\u0165 TLER (Time-Limited Error Recovery) \u2013 nastavenie firmv\u00e9ru, ktor\u00e9 zabra\u0148uje vypad\u00e1vaniu HDD z po\u013ea kv\u00f4li dlh\u00fdm pokusom mikrokontrol\u00e9ra pre\u010d\u00edta\u0165 probl\u00e9mov\u00fd sektor. Okrem toho je \u0161asi BarraCuda Pro zle prisp\u00f4soben\u00e9 na pr\u00e1cu v polici alebo NAS s viacer\u00fdmi ko\u0161mi, preto\u017ee nem\u00e1 kompenz\u00e1ciu rota\u010dnej vibr\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

Na druhej strane, na rozdiel od v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny ostatn\u00fdch desktopov\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch diskov, HDD tejto zna\u010dky disponuj\u00fa zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm ro\u010dn\u00fdm pracovn\u00fdm zdrojom a\u017e do 300 TB prep\u00edsania, s\u00fa pripraven\u00e9 pracova\u0165 v re\u017eime 24\/7 a prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa s p\u00e4\u0165ro\u010dnou z\u00e1rukou. Na v\u00fdkonnos\u0165 sa ur\u010dite nebude treba s\u0165a\u017eova\u0165 (aspo\u0148, pokia\u013e ide o \u00falohy s preva\u017ene line\u00e1rnym pr\u00edstupom k d\u00e1tam): v\u010faka \u00f4smim platniam po 1,75 TB zariadenie dosahuje stabiln\u00fa priepustnos\u0165 250 MB\/s. Okrem toho v\u00fdrobca s\u013eubuje, \u017ee aj r\u00fdchlos\u0165 n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu v BarraCuda Pro by mala by\u0165 vy\u0161\u0161ia v porovnan\u00ed so be\u017en\u00fdmi diskami pre stoln\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edta\u010de, zatia\u013e \u010do spotreba energie by mala by\u0165 ni\u017e\u0161ia ako u v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny 3,5-palcov\u00fdch modelov. Napriek tomu v\u0161etky tvrdenia Seagate e\u0161te prever\u00edme.<\/p>\n

Aby sa dosiahla tak\u00e1 vysok\u00e1 hustota \u00fadajov v r\u00e1mci \u0161tandardn\u00e9ho kolmo zapisovania bez pou\u017eitia nikovej technol\u00f3gie SMR (Shingled Magnetic Recording), musel Seagate zavies\u0165 jednu z perspekt\u00edvnych met\u00f3d, o ktor\u00fdch ka\u017edoro\u010dne p\u00ed\u0161eme v na\u0161ich z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nc\u00edch<\/a><\/noindex>, \u2014 tzv. dvojrozmern\u00e9 nahr\u00e1vanie (Two-Dimensional Magnetic Recording). Napriek svojmu n\u00e1zvu v\u0161ak TDMR nijako nes\u00favis\u00ed s procesom z\u00e1pisu d\u00e1t ako tak\u00fdm a je ur\u010den\u00e1 na zv\u00fd\u0161enie pomeru sign\u00e1l\/\u0161um v podmienkach vysokej hustoty dr\u00e1h na magnetickej platni v\u010faka s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9mu \u010d\u00edtaniu dr\u00e1hy dvoma sn\u00edma\u010dmi: tieto s\u00fa priestorovo rozlo\u017een\u00e9 tak, \u017ee pole zachyt\u00e1va susedn\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy a kompenzova\u0165 interferenciu je jednoduch\u0161ie. V bud\u00facnosti pevn\u00e9 disky s TDMR nazbieraj\u00fa e\u0161te viac hl\u00e1v a spolu s spo\u013eahlivos\u0165ou \u010d\u00edtania d\u00e1t m\u00f4\u017ee vzrasta\u0165 aj jej r\u00fdchlos\u0165, av\u0161ak to je zatia\u013e ot\u00e1zka bud\u00facnosti.<\/p>\n

Disky BarraCuda Pro sa v mnohom l\u00ed\u0161ia od pr\u00edbuzn\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161ej s\u00e9rie bez pr\u00edvlastku Pro \u2014 za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fac t\u00fdm, \u017ee v\u0161etky \u0161tandardn\u00e9 desktopov\u00e9 modely pevn\u00fdch diskov utkveli v kapacit\u00e1ch 6\u20138 TB. Disk BarraCuda Pro by sa sk\u00f4r dal op\u00edsa\u0165 ako potomok serverovej vetvy Seagate, ktor\u00fd nem\u00e1 funkcie spojen\u00e9 s pr\u00e1cou v array. V\u00fdsledkom je, \u017ee cena zariadenia vzr\u00e1stla na \u00farove\u0148 firemn\u00fdch modelov, alebo dokonca vy\u0161\u0161ie: v Rusku sa 14-terabajtov\u00fd model ned\u00e1 n\u00e1js\u0165 lacnej\u0161ie ako 34 348 rub\u013eov, zatia\u013e \u010do na maloobchodn\u00fdch trhoch USA \u2014 549 $. Dokonca aj nearline modely Seagate rovnakej kapacity stoja menej \u2014 od 375 $ alebo 28 936 rub\u013eov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n\"Nov\u00fd\n<\/td>\n <\/td>\n\n\"Nov\u00fd\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Nasleduj\u00face testovan\u00e9 zariadenie, 14-terabajtov\u00fd disk Ultrastar DC HC530, je \u00falo\u017eisko triedy nearline, ktor\u00e9 reprezentovalo to najlep\u0161ie, \u010do mohli in\u017einieri Western Digital pon\u00faknu\u0165, k\u00fdm nepri\u0161la nov\u00e1 verzia s kapacitou 16 TB. V praxi 3DNews sa stal prv\u00fdm harddiskom zna\u010dky Ultrastar bez tradi\u010dn\u00fdch p\u00edsmen HGST v n\u00e1zve: spolo\u010dnos\u0165 previedla v\u0161etky serverov\u00e9 modely pod vlastn\u00fa zna\u010dku po tom, ako akt\u00edva HGST \u00faplne zapadli do zl\u00fa\u010denej korpor\u00e1cie. Z h\u013eadiska k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch charakterist\u00edk sa toto zariadenie podob\u00e1 modelu BarraCuda Pro rovnakej kapacity: vo vn\u00fatri hermeticky uzavret\u00e9ho puzdra Ultrastar DC HC530 s\u00fa taktie\u017e umiestnen\u00e9 \u0161tyri magnetick\u00e9 platne s vyu\u017eite\u013enou kapacitou 1750 GB, pri\u010dom technol\u00f3gia TDMR zabezpe\u010duje \u010d\u00edtanie \u00fadajov zo tesne umiestnen\u00fdch st\u00f4p. Av\u0161ak z h\u013eadiska ostatn\u00fdch parametrov a rozmanitosti dodato\u010dn\u00fdch funkci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa typick\u00e9 pre podnikov\u00e9 HDD, Ultrastar DC HC530 nemo\u017eno porovna\u0165 s desktopov\u00fdmi modelmi, hoci BarraCuda Pro nie je typick\u00fdm predstavite\u013eom svojej kateg\u00f3rie.<\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee, vyu\u017eite\u013en\u00e1 hustota z\u00e1pisu na platniach BarraCuda Pro a Ultrastar DC HC530 je rovnak\u00e1, ako aj r\u00fdchlos\u0165 ot\u00e1\u010dania vretienka, no produkt WD zaru\u010duje vy\u0161\u0161iu stabiln\u00fa r\u00fdchlos\u0165 line\u00e1rneho \u010d\u00edtania a z\u00e1pisu \u00fadajov \u2014 a\u017e do 267 MB\/s (nie je jasn\u00e9, odkia\u013e vznik\u00e1 rozdiel, ale testy uk\u00e1\u017eu, \u010di naozaj existuje). Zdr\u017eania pri n\u00e1hodnom pr\u00edstupe pom\u00e1ha zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 dvojstup\u0148ov\u00fd aktu\u00e1tor novej, tretej gener\u00e1cie a ve\u013ek\u00e1 vyrovn\u00e1vacia pam\u00e4\u0165 s kapacitou 512 MB, a \u010do je najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie, Media Cache \u2014 rezervn\u00e9 oblasti pre r\u00fdchle z\u00e1pisy blokov, rozmiestnen\u00e9 po povrchu platn\u00ed. T\u00e1to posledn\u00e1 vlastnos\u0165 sp\u00e1ja modern\u00e9 nearline disky s pevn\u00fdmi diskami, v ktor\u00fdch tie\u017e existuje premenliv\u00fd pomer medzi fyzick\u00fdmi sektormi a logick\u00fdmi blokmi. A od modelov Ultrastar DC HC330 s kapacitou 10 TB WD pou\u017e\u00edva na cacheovanie oper\u00e1ci\u00ed z\u00e1pisu aj mal\u00fd objem flash pam\u00e4te. Poznamenajme, \u017ee s\u00fa\u010dasne s (potenci\u00e1lne) mimoriadne vysok\u00fdm v\u00fdkonom pod\u013ea mer\u00edtok magnetick\u00fdch \u00falo\u017e\u00edsk produkt WD vynik\u00e1 miernou spotrebou energie \u2014 v skuto\u010dnosti ide o zariadenie s najni\u017e\u0161ou spotrebou zo v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov testovania, ak pos\u00fadime jeho technick\u00e9 parametre.<\/p>\n

\u00dalo\u017eisk\u00e1 tejto triedy s\u00fa navrhnut\u00e9 na nepretr\u017eit\u00fa prev\u00e1dzku v podmienkach serverovej rackovej \u0161trukt\u00fary: obojstrann\u00e9 uchytenie hriade\u013ea, kompenz\u00e1cia rota\u010dnej vibr\u00e1cie \u2013 tieto a \u010fal\u0161ie kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9 vlastnosti Ultrastar DC HC530 umo\u017enili zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 projektovan\u00e9 za\u0165a\u017eenie disku na 550 TB\/rok, pri\u010dom \u010das prev\u00e1dzky pred zlyhan\u00edm je typick\u00fd pre nearline modely a dosahuje 2,5 mili\u00f3na hod\u00edn. Pre pr\u00edpad n\u00edzkej pravdepodobnosti zlyhania pri aktualiz\u00e1cii firmv\u00e9ru je na doske ovl\u00e1da\u010da osaden\u00fd z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00fd \u010dip. Disk je dod\u00e1van\u00fd v modifik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch s nat\u00edvnym pr\u00edstupom k rozdeleniu po 4 kB alebo emul\u00e1ciou 512-bytov\u00fdch sektorov, s rozhran\u00edm SATA alebo SAS. V poslednom pr\u00edpade je k dispoz\u00edcii aj mo\u017enos\u0165 end-to-end \u0161ifrovania \u00fadajov.<\/p>\n

Obchodn\u00e9 ceny WD Ultrastar DC HC530 v konfigur\u00e1cii s portom SATA a emul\u00e1ciou dedi\u010dnej 512-bytovej \u0161trukt\u00fary zodpovedaj\u00fa modern\u00fdm vlastnostiam a technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m tohto zariadenia: od 27 495 rub\u013eov v rusk\u00fdch internetov\u00fdch obchodoch a $439 na \u201eAmazon.com\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n\"Nov\u00fd\n<\/td>\n <\/td>\n\n\"Nov\u00fd\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Zostavi\u0165 kolekciu pevn\u00fdch diskov s kapacitou 14 TB na porovn\u00e1vacie testovanie nebolo jednoduch\u00e9 a vhodn\u00e9 zariadenie tretieho v\u00fdrobcu \u2013 Toshiba \u2013 sme nakoniec nez\u00edskali. Namiesto toho sme dostali model u\u017e \u010fal\u0161ej gener\u00e1cie s kapacitou 16 TB. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti v\u0161etky tri spolo\u010dnosti vyr\u00e1baj\u00face pevn\u00e9 disky pon\u00fakaj\u00fa \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1 tak\u00fdchto objemov, no pr\u00e1ve produkt Toshiba s\u00e9rie MG08 bol medzi nimi najprv. Rekord japonskej spolo\u010dnosti sa zaklad\u00e1 na platniach s pribli\u017ene, ak nie presne takou istou fyzickou hustotou z\u00e1pisu, ako v pevn\u00fdch diskoch BarraCuda Pro a Ultrastar s kapacitou 14 TB, ale Toshiba sa prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t podarilo zabali\u0165 dev\u00e4\u0165 \u201epancierov\u201c do \u0161tandardn\u00e9ho 3,5-palcov\u00e9ho puzdra. Neobi\u0161lo sa to ani bez technol\u00f3gie TDMR, ktor\u00e1 sa stala nevyhnutnou podmienkou na dobytie nov\u00fdch hran\u00edc kapacity. Priepustnos\u0165 Toshiba MG08 pri oper\u00e1ci\u00e1ch line\u00e1rneho \u010d\u00edtania\/z\u00e1pisu by mala by\u0165 na \u00farovni WD Ultrastar DC HC530, ale, ako je zvl\u00e1\u0161tne, v\u00fdrobca nezverej\u0148uje \u017eiadne podrobnosti o r\u00fdchlosti zariadenia.<\/p>\n

Je zn\u00e1me, \u017ee Toshiba tie\u017e prijala opatrenia na zv\u00fd\u0161enie spo\u013eahlivosti a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zn\u00ed\u017eenie latencie oper\u00e1ci\u00ed z\u00e1pisu: \u010dip flash pam\u00e4te na palube MG08 v pr\u00edpade n\u00e1hleho vypnutia nap\u00e1jania chr\u00e1ni d\u00e1ta poslan\u00e9 hostite\u013esk\u00fdm ovl\u00e1da\u010dom na z\u00e1pis, ale s\u00fadiac pod\u013ea v\u00fdsledkov testov, pln\u00ed aj funkciu druhej \u00farovne vyrovn\u00e1vacej pam\u00e4te po DRAM. T\u00e1to technol\u00f3gia (Persistent Write Cache) sa v\u0161ak objavuje iba v \u0161pecifik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch diskov s emul\u00e1ciou 512-bajtovej segment\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e1 predstavuje dodato\u010dn\u00fd zdroj rizika pri v\u00fdpadku nap\u00e1jania (a do ur\u010ditej miery ukradne v\u00fdkon) vzh\u013eadom na potrebu vykona\u0165 oper\u00e1ciu read-modify-write pri ka\u017edom z\u00e1pise logick\u00fdch blokov, ktor\u00e9 nezodpovedaj\u00fa hraniciam fyzick\u00fdch sektorov. A s\u00e9ria MG08 zah\u0155\u0148a aj modely s nat\u00edvnym pr\u00edstupom k 4-kilobajtov\u00fdm sektorom. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee tieto posledn\u00e9 s\u00fa \u00faplne zbaven\u00e9 flash pam\u00e4te, alebo bolo len odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9 z\u00e1lohovanie, nevieme. Ale nez\u00e1visle na PWC, Toshiba MG08, ako aj in\u00e9 pam\u00e4\u0165ov\u00e9 zariadenia tejto firmy, vyu\u017e\u00edva algoritmy Dynamic Cache, ktor\u00e9, ako tvrd\u00ed v\u00fdrobca, optim\u00e1lne rozde\u013euj\u00fa priestor vyrovn\u00e1vacej pam\u00e4te medzi oper\u00e1ciami \u010d\u00edtania a z\u00e1pisu. O nich tie\u017e nem\u00e1me \u017eiadne podrobn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161\u00edmi zdrojmi zv\u00fd\u0161enej odolnosti vo\u010di zlyhaniu v kon\u0161trukcii Toshiba MG08 s\u00fa upevnenie vretienka z dvoch str\u00e1n a senzorov\u00e9 detektory ot\u00e1\u010davej vibr\u00e1cie. Tieto disky s\u00fa navrhnut\u00e9 na z\u00e1pis 550 TB d\u00e1t ro\u010dne, maj\u00fa \u0161tandardn\u00fa prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fa dobu na zlyhanie 2,5 mili\u00f3na hod\u00edn a p\u00e4\u0165ro\u010dn\u00fa z\u00e1ruku. K dispoz\u00edcii je nieko\u013eko r\u00f4znych konfigur\u00e1ci\u00ed disku s rozhran\u00edm SATA alebo SAS a volite\u013enou funkciou end-to-end \u0161ifrovania. Po cene v\u00e1s v\u0161ak nem\u00f4\u017eeme informova\u0165: 16-terabajtov\u00fd disk Toshiba bol predstaven\u00fd e\u0161te v janu\u00e1ri, ale st\u00e1le je to vz\u00e1cny \u00falovok v maloobchodnom predaji.<\/p>\n

Toshiba MG08 16 TB<\/p>\n

Teraz, ke\u010f sme sa zozn\u00e1mili s tromi hlavn\u00fdmi \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkmi testovania, pozrieme sa na pevn\u00e9 disky men\u0161ieho objemu, s ktor\u00fdmi budeme porovn\u00e1va\u0165 nov\u00e9 14-16 terabajtov\u00e9 modely. Jedn\u00fdm z nich je Exos X10 s kapacitou 10 TB, ktor\u00fd je nearline \u00falo\u017eiskom a obsahuje sedem magnetick\u00fdch platn\u00ed vo vzduchotesnom puzdre. A aj ke\u010f od tej doby, \u010do sa u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 kapacita platne zv\u00fd\u0161ila z 1429 na 1750 GB a viac, r\u00fdchlos\u0165 sekven\u010dn\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu v pevn\u00fdch diskoch by sa mala tie\u017e zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165, Exos X10 v tomto parametri prakticky nezaost\u00e1va za rovnakou BarraCuda Pro s 14 TB pod\u013ea \u0161pecifik\u00e1ci\u00ed oboch \u00falo\u017e\u00edsk. Nie\u010do zjavne nesed\u00ed v \u0161pecifik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch pevn\u00fdch diskov Seagate, ale m\u00e1me mo\u017enos\u0165 to zisti\u0165 v praxi.<\/p>\n

Aby sa zv\u00fd\u0161ila r\u00fdchlos\u0165 oper\u00e1ci\u00ed s n\u00e1hodn\u00fdm pr\u00edstupom, v s\u00e9rii Exos existuje rozvinut\u00fd mechanizmus cachovania z\u00e1pisu AWC (Advanced Write Caching), ktor\u00fd zni\u017euje \u010das odozvy. V r\u00e1mci AWC s\u00fa oper\u00e1cie z\u00e1pisu skupinovan\u00e9 v DRAM pam\u00e4ti, ako je to v ka\u017edom inom pevnom disku, av\u0161ak buffer uchov\u00e1va k\u00f3piu d\u00e1t po tom, \u010do boli zaznamenan\u00e9 na platne, a obsah zrkadlov\u00e9ho bufferu m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 okam\u017eite pre\u010d\u00edtan\u00fd hostite\u013esk\u00fdm kontrol\u00f3rom. V serverov\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch diskoch Seagate<\/a><\/noindex> 2,5-palcov\u00fd form\u00e1t AWC zah\u0155\u0148a \u010fal\u0161iu r\u00fdchlostn\u00fa \u00farove\u0148 \u2014 vyhraden\u00e9 z\u00f3ny na povrchu platn\u00ed, kam sa d\u00e1ta z DRAM zapisuj\u00fa v postupnosti (Media Cache), ako aj mal\u00fd objem energeticky nez\u00e1vislej pam\u00e4te na ukladanie d\u00e1t z vyrovn\u00e1vacej pam\u00e4te pri v\u00fdpadku nap\u00e1jania. V Exos X10 v\u0161ak ch\u00fdba flash pam\u00e4\u0165, a mo\u017eno aj Media Cache spolu s \u0148ou.<\/p>\n

Disky s\u00e9rie Exos se od spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00fdch pevn\u00fdch disk\u016f pro stoln\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010de a NAS se vyzna\u010duj\u00ed vysok\u00fdmi hodnotami pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 doby mezi poruchami (2,5 milionu hodin) a provozn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed (550 TB\/rok), mo\u017enost\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed v serverov\u00fdch rack\u00e1ch bez omezen\u00ed po\u010dtu \u0161achet a tak\u00e9 p\u011btiletou z\u00e1rukou. Pevn\u00fd disk s modelov\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem ST10000NM0016, kter\u00fd jsme testovali, nav\u00edc pat\u0159\u00ed mezi hyperscale modifikace, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebu energie ne\u017e ostatn\u00ed modely rodiny Exos, ale jsou k dispozici pouze s rozhran\u00edm SATA a emulac\u00ed 512-bytov\u00fdch sektor\u016f. V konfigurac\u00edch s rozhran\u00edm SAS jsou mezi modely Exos k dispozici tak\u00e9 varianty s nativn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupem k 4-kilobajtov\u00fdm sektor\u016fm a funkc\u00ed pln\u00e9ho \u0161ifrov\u00e1n\u00ed disku na \u00farovni jednotky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n\"Nov\u00fd\n<\/td>\n <\/td>\n\n\"Nov\u00fd\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Pevn\u00fd disk Seagate IronWolf byl ned\u00e1vno zm\u00edn\u011bn v na\u0161om preh\u013eade<\/a><\/noindex> nov\u00fdch predstavite\u013eov tejto zna\u010dky spolu s pevn\u00fdmi diskami Seagate pre sie\u0165ov\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1. 12-terabajtov\u00fd model IronWolf je zjavne vybaven\u00fd plat\u0148ami s tou istou fyzickou hustotou rozlo\u017eenia ako Exos X10, len ich je o jednu viac. Av\u0161ak Seagate hodnot\u00ed v\u00fdkon svojho zariadenia v oper\u00e1ci\u00e1ch sekven\u010dn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edtania a z\u00e1pisu ove\u013ea ni\u017e\u0161ie \u2014 iba 210 MB\/s. A \u017eiadne sofistikovan\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie na kompenz\u00e1ciu vysokej latencie reakcie, charakteristickej pre magnetick\u00e9 \u00falo\u017eisk\u00e1, tu tie\u017e nie s\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Zato v\u0161etky pevn\u00e9 disky IronWolf, po\u010dn\u00fac objemom 4 TB, prebrali od s\u00e9rie Exos nieko\u013eko hardv\u00e9rov\u00fdch funkci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 prispievaj\u00fa k zv\u00fd\u0161enej odolnosti. Blok magnetick\u00fdch platn\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho disku je vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fd v dvoch rovin\u00e1ch a sn\u00edma\u010de rota\u010dn\u00fdch vibr\u00e1ci\u00ed zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa stabiln\u00fa prev\u00e1dzku v stojanovom SAN alebo samostatnom NAS s po\u010dtom diskov\u00fdch ko\u0161ov a\u017e do \u00f4smich. IronWolf je navrhnut\u00fd na mierny re\u017eim prev\u00e1dzky s projektovou z\u00e1\u0165a\u017eou 180 TB\/rok a charakterizuje ho doba medzi poruchami 1 mili\u00f3n hod\u00edn. V d\u00f4sledku toho je aj z\u00e1ru\u010dn\u00e1 doba IronWolf krat\u0161ia ako u v\u00e1\u017enej\u0161\u00edch modelov v katal\u00f3gu Seagate \u2014 tri roky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n\"Nov\u00fd\n<\/td>\n <\/td>\n\n\"Nov\u00fd\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Pod zna\u010dkou S300 japonsk\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Toshiba uviedla s\u00e9riu \u00falo\u017e\u00edsk pre syst\u00e9my videonahliadania \u2014 t\u00fdmto tvrd\u00fdm diskom je rovnak\u00fd venovan\u00fd vlastn\u00fd preh\u013ead<\/a><\/noindex> na str\u00e1nkach 3DNews. V\u010faka roz\u0161\u00edreniu protokolu prenosu d\u00e1t ATA Streaming Command Set nov\u0161ie modely Toshiba S300 zaru\u010duj\u00fa s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 nahr\u00e1vanie videa z 64 kamier, ale v podstate s\u00fa typick\u00fdmi \u00falo\u017eiskami pre NAS a DAS s mo\u017enos\u0165ou prev\u00e1dzky 24\/7 a slu\u0161n\u00fdm zdrojom prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdch hod\u00edn: ako u IronWolf, aj tu je 1 mili\u00f3n hod\u00edn, a z\u00e1ruka trv\u00e1 tri roky. V\u010faka kon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdhod\u00e1m \u0161asi S300 \u2013 upevneniu hriade\u013ea z oboch str\u00e1n a akt\u00edvnej kompenz\u00e1cii rota\u010dn\u00fdch vibr\u00e1ci\u00ed \u2013 je mo\u017en\u00e9 nain\u0161talova\u0165 viac ako osem tak\u00fdchto zariaden\u00ed do jedn\u00e9ho stojana alebo samostatn\u00e9ho NAS.<\/p>\n

Model S300, zvolen\u00fd na porovnanie s novinkami s objemom 14\u201316 TB, je postaven\u00fd na b\u00e1ze hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9ho \u0161asi serverov\u00fdch diskov MD06ACA-V a obsahuje sedem magnetick\u00fdch platn\u00ed, pri\u010dom v \u0161pecifik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch zariadenia je uveden\u00e1 typick\u00e1 pre modern\u00e9 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie HDD r\u00fdchlos\u0165 n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edtania\/zapisovania 248 MB\/s. Z t\u00fdch techn\u00edk, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v serverov\u00fdch diskoch Toshiba na zn\u00ed\u017eenie latencie, u S300 zostala len funkcia Dynamic Cache.<\/p>\n

Na rozdiel od v\u0161etk\u00fdch ostatn\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov testovania, S300 aj pri hustej z\u00e1sobn\u00edku zo siedmich platn\u00ed zvl\u00e1dne bez h\u00e9lia a je vyroben\u00fd v \u0161tandardnom vetranom puzdre. Zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee presne z tohto d\u00f4vodu patr\u00ed 10-terabajtov\u00e9mu modelu najvy\u0161\u0161ia hodnota spotrebovanej energie v s\u00fahrnnej tabu\u013eke \u0161pecifik\u00e1ci\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov testovania, pri\u010dom tento parameter, hoci je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd predov\u0161etk\u00fdm pre administr\u00e1torov d\u00e1tov\u00fdch centier, priamo ur\u010duje teplotu HDD. Skuto\u010dn\u00fa spotrebu energie S300 e\u0161te prever\u00edme sami, ale zatia\u013e si tento bod vezmeme na vedomie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
\n\"Nov\u00fd\n<\/td>\n <\/td>\n\n\"Nov\u00fd\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Zdroj: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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