{"id":37670,"date":"2019-10-31T22:18:58","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kto-vnedryaet-ipv6-i-chto-tormozit-ego-razvitie\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:18:58","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:18:58","slug":"kto-vnedryaet-ipv6-i-chto-tormozit-ego-razvitie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/kto-vnedryaet-ipv6-i-chto-tormozit-ego-razvitie","title":{"rendered":"Kto zav\u00e1dza IPv6 a \u010do brzd\u00ed jeho rozvoj","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Minul\u00fdkr\u00e1t <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/462435\/\">sme hovorili<\/a><\/noindex> o vy\u010derpan\u00ed IPv4 \u2014 o tom, kto vlastn\u00ed mal\u00fd podiel zvy\u0161ku adries a pre\u010do k tomu do\u0161lo. Dnes diskutujeme o alternat\u00edve \u2014 protokole IPv6 a d\u00f4vodoch jeho pomal\u00e9ho roz\u0161\u00edrenia \u2014 niektor\u00ed hovoria, \u017ee je to kv\u00f4li vysok\u00fdm n\u00e1kladom na migr\u00e1ciu, in\u00ed tvrdia, \u017ee technol\u00f3gia je u\u017e zastaran\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/465535\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kto zav\u00e1dza IPv6 a \u010do brzd\u00ed jeho rozvoj\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/32ccbfa7a25b0f6667f2636cdfc98a61.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<i>\/ CC BY-SA \/ <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/greenoid\/47953666962\/\">Frerk Meyer<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Kto zav\u00e1dza IPv6<\/h2>\n<p>\nIPv6 existuje u\u017e od polovice dev\u00e4\u0165desiatych rokov \u2014 presne vtedy sa objavili prv\u00e9 RFC opisuj\u00face mechanizmy jeho fungovania (napr\u00edklad, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/tools.ietf.org\/html\/rfc1883\">RFC 1883<\/a><\/noindex>). Po mnoho rokov sa protokol zdokona\u013eoval a testoval, k\u00fdm sa v roku 2012 neuskuto\u010dnil <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.worldipv6launch.org\/\">Celosvetov\u00fd spustenie IPv6<\/a><\/noindex> a za\u010dali ho vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00ed poskytovatelia \u2014 medzi prv\u00fdmi boli AT&amp;T, Comcast, Internode a XS4ALL.<\/p>\n<p>Nesk\u00f4r k nim pridali \u010fal\u0161ie IT spolo\u010dnosti, napr\u00edklad Facebook. Dnes m\u00e1 viac ako polovica pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov soci\u00e1lnych siet\u00ed v USA <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/engineering.fb.com\/connectivity\/how-ipv6-deployment-is-growing-in-u-s-and-other-countries\/\">pracuj\u00fa<\/a><\/noindex> \u0161iestu verziu protokolu. IPv6 prev\u00e1dzka stabilne rastie aj v \u00e1zijsk\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch \u2014 vo Vietname a na Taiwane.<\/p>\n<p>Podporou IPv6 sa zaoberaj\u00fa na medzin\u00e1rodnej \u00farovni \u2014 v OSN. Jedna z pobo\u010diek organiz\u00e1cie minul\u00fd rok predstavila <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/regmedia.co.uk\/2018\/05\/30\/itu-ipv6-may18.pdf\">pl\u00e1n prechodu na \u0161iestu verziu protokolu<\/a><\/noindex>. Jeho autori navrhli model migr\u00e1cie na IPv6 a poskytli odpor\u00fa\u010dania pre pr\u00e1cu s prefixmi pre \u0161t\u00e1tne in\u0161tit\u00facie a s\u00fakromn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>Materi\u00e1ly z n\u00e1\u0161ho blogu na Habre:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/462435\/\">Retrospekt\u00edva: ako doch\u00e1dzalo k vy\u010derpaniu adries IPv4<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/462359\/\">Dat \u2014 \u010do je to za protokol a kto ho pou\u017e\u00edva<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/461431\/\">\u201eM\u00e1 r\u00e1d a nem\u00e1 r\u00e1d\u201c: DNS over HTTPS<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>\nNa za\u010diatku roka Cisco <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/solutions\/collateral\/service-provider\/visual-networking-index-vni\/white-paper-c11-741490.html\">upravili spr\u00e1vu<\/a><\/noindex>, v ktorej hovorili, \u017ee do roku 2022 sa IPv6 prev\u00e1dzka zv\u00fd\u0161i \u0161tyrikr\u00e1t v porovnan\u00ed s rokom 2019 (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/solutions\/collateral\/service-provider\/visual-networking-index-vni\/white-paper-c11-741490.html\">obr\u00e1zok 9<\/a><\/noindex>). Av\u0161ak napriek akt\u00edvnej podpore \u0161iestej verzie protokolu sa tak\u00e9to v\u00fdvojov\u00e9 scen\u00e1re zdaj\u00fa nepravdepodobn\u00e9. IPv6 sa vo svete roz\u0161iruje pomerne pomaly \u2014 k dne\u0161n\u00e9mu d\u0148u ju podporuje <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/w3techs.com\/technologies\/details\/ce-ipv6\/all\/all\">len nie\u010do cez 14%<\/a><\/noindex> webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok. A na to je nieko\u013eko d\u00f4vodov.<\/p>\n<h2>\u010co brzd\u00ed zavedenie<\/h2>\n<p>\nPo prv\u00e9, <b>technick\u00e9 obtia\u017ee<\/b>. Na prechod na IPv6 je \u010dasto potrebn\u00e9 aktualizova\u0165 hardv\u00e9r a vykona\u0165 jeho nastavenia. V pr\u00edpade rozsiahlej IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 t\u00e1to \u00faloha zlo\u017eit\u00e1. Napr\u00edklad, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rska spolo\u010dnos\u0165 hier SIE Worldwide Studios sa pok\u00fa\u0161ala prejs\u0165 na \u0161iestu verziu protokolu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/thuktun.wordpress.com\/2018\/01\/16\/why-i-killed-our-ipv6-project\/\">cel\u00fdch sedem rokov<\/a><\/noindex>. In\u017einieri prehodnocovali architekt\u00faru siete, zbavovali sa NAT a optimalizovali pravidl\u00e1 firewallov. Ale \u00faplne prejs\u0165 na IPv6 sa im nepodarilo. Nakoniec sa t\u00edm rozhodol od tejto my\u0161lienky vzda\u0165 a projekt ukon\u010dil.<\/p>\n<p>Po druh\u00e9, <b>vysok\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na prechod<\/b>. \u00c1no, v priemysle s\u00fa pr\u00edklady, ke\u010f prechod na IPv6 umo\u017enil spolo\u010dnostiam u\u0161etri\u0165 peniaze. Napr\u00edklad jeden z ve\u013ek\u00fdch austr\u00e1lskych poskytovate\u013eov internetov\u00fdch slu\u017eieb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.theregister.co.uk\/2018\/09\/04\/aussie_broadband_ipv6\/\">vypo\u010d\u00edtal<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee migr\u00e1cia na IPv6 bude lacnej\u0161ia ako n\u00e1kup dodato\u010dn\u00fdch adries IPv4. Av\u0161ak aj v tomto pr\u00edpade bude potrebn\u00e9 vynalo\u017ei\u0165 prostriedky na n\u00e1kup zariaden\u00ed, zau\u010denie person\u00e1lu a uzatvorenie nov\u00fdch zml\u00fav s pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013emi.<\/p>\n<p>Nakoniec migr\u00e1cia na protokol novej gener\u00e1cie m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pre niektor\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti dos\u0165 n\u00e1kladn\u00e1. Preto, ako <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.itpro.co.uk\/internet-protocol-version-6-ipv6\/30657\/whatever-happened-to-ipv6\">hovor\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> ved\u00faci in\u017einier jedn\u00e9ho z britsk\u00fdch poskytovate\u013eov internetov\u00fdch slu\u017eieb, pokia\u013e v\u0161etko bude fungova\u0165 na IPv4, prechod na IPv6 sa ur\u010dite nekon\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kto zav\u00e1dza IPv6 a \u010do brzd\u00ed jeho rozvoj\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/2fdd9626cdac45eec3066feddf9589e7.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>\/ Unsplash \/ <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/dJdcb11aboQ\">John Matychuk<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<p>Experti tie\u017e poukazuj\u00fa na to, \u017ee za posledn\u00fdch desa\u0165 rokov \u0161iesta verzia protokolu <b>u\u017e stihla \"zastar\u0148a\u0165\"<\/b>. In\u017einieri z Rutgersovej univerzity <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/pdf\/1809.07836.pdf\">vo svojej spr\u00e1ve p\u00ed\u0161u<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee IPv6 (ako aj jeho predchodca) nie je pr\u00edli\u0161 vhodn\u00fd na pr\u00e1cu v mobiln\u00fdch sie\u0165ach. Ke\u010f sa pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e pres\u00fava od jedn\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupov\u00e9ho bodu k druh\u00e9mu, za prep\u00ednanie z\u00e1klad\u0148ov\u00fdch stan\u00edc zodpovedaj\u00fa \"star\u00e9\" mechanizmy prep\u00ednania. V bud\u00facnosti, ke\u010f sa po\u010det IP adries a mobiln\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed vo svete v\u00fdrazne zv\u00fd\u0161i, t\u00e1to vlastnos\u0165 m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 oneskorenia pri op\u00e4tovnom pripojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Medzi \u010fal\u0161ie faktory, ktor\u00e9 brzdia prechod na IPv6, experti uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa <b>nepatrn\u00fd n\u00e1rast v\u00fdkonu<\/b> nov\u00e9ho protokolu. Pod\u013ea niektor\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed je v krajin\u00e1ch \u00c1ziu-Tichomorie bal\u00edky cez IPv4 pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00e9 r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie ako cez IPv6 (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/320459831_A_Case_Study_of_IPv6_Network_Performance_Packet_Delay_Loss_and_Reordering\">str.2<\/a><\/noindex>). V Afrike alebo Latinskej Amerike nie je v\u00f4bec \u017eiadny rozdiel v r\u00fdchlosti prenosu d\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<h2>Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa vyhliadky<\/h2>\n<p>\nNapriek v\u0161etk\u00fdm \u0165a\u017ekostiam s\u00fa niektor\u00ed experti presved\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee IPv6 \u010dak\u00e1 \"svetl\u00e1 bud\u00facnos\u0165\". Pod\u013ea n\u00e1zoru jedn\u00e9ho z v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov protokolov TCP\/IP \u2014 Vintona Cerfa (Vinton Cerf), popularita IPv6 naozaj rastie pr\u00edli\u0161 pomaly, ale pre protokol e\u0161te nie je v\u0161etko straten\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>S t\u00fdmto n\u00e1zorom s\u00fahlas\u00ed aj John Curran, prezident americk\u00e9ho registr\u00e1tora internetov\u00fdch dom\u00e9n ARIN. On <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.quora.com\/Can-we-say-IPv6-is-a-failure\/answer\/John-Curran-20\">hovor\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee nedostatok IPv4 poc\u00edtili iba ve\u013ek\u00ed poskytovatelia internetu. Mal\u00e9 firmy a be\u017en\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eia si zatia\u013e \u017eiadne probl\u00e9my nev\u0161imli. Preto m\u00f4\u017ee vznikn\u00fa\u0165 myln\u00fd dojem, \u017ee \u0161iesta verzia protokolu \u201eumrela\u201c. A u\u017e v bl\u00edzkej bud\u00facnosti (ak ver\u00edme predpovediam Cisco) by sa IPv6 mal r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 po plan\u00e9te.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><b>O \u010dom p\u00ed\u0161eme v firemnom blogu VAS Experts:<\/b><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/seti\/vnedrenie-ipv6-faq-dlya-internet-provajderov\/\">Zavedenie IPv6 \u2013 FAQ pre poskytovate\u013eov internetu<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/telekom\/ekonomiya-na-spichkax-i-neskolko-sposobov-vystrelit-sebe-v-nogu-kriticheskie-oshibki-v-stroitelstve-setej-operatorov-svyazi\/\">\u201e\u0160etrenie na z\u00e1palk\u00e1ch\u201c: kritick\u00e9 chyby pri v\u00fdstavbe siet\u00ed oper\u00e1torov<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/telekom\/protokol-ipv6-ot-teorii-k-praktike\/\">Protokol IPv6 \u2013 od te\u00f3rie k praxi<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/vasexperts.ru\/blog\/bezopasnost\/ipv6-texnologiya-nastoyashhego-ili-budushhego\/\">IPv6 \u2014 technol\u00f3gia pr\u00edtomnosti alebo bud\u00facnosti<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/vasexperts\/blog\/465535\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043c\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 IPv4 \u2014 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b IPv6 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0430. \/ CC BY-SA \/ Frerk Meyer \u041a\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28272,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043c\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 IPv4 \u2014 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/kto-vnedryaet-ipv6-i-chto-tormozit-ego-razvitie\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.4\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 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