{"id":37724,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:20","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/idealnaya-lokalnaya-set\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:20","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:20","slug":"idealnaya-lokalnaya-set","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/idealnaya-lokalnaya-set","title":{"rendered":"Ide\u00e1lna lok\u00e1lna sie\u0165","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u00e1lna lok\u00e1lna sie\u0165\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/10ac6c59cc5c46c9b6d7d5ead012a5c1.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n\u0160tandardn\u00e1 lok\u00e1lna sie\u0165 vo svojej s\u00fa\u010dasnej (priemernej) podobe sa definit\u00edvne vytvorila pred mnoh\u00fdmi rokmi, na \u010dom jej rozvoj aj zastal. <\/p>\n<p>Na jednej strane, to najlep\u0161ie je nepriate\u013eom dobr\u00e9ho; na druhej strane, stagn\u00e1cia tie\u017e nie je pr\u00edli\u0161 dobr\u00e1. O to viac, \u017ee pri bli\u017e\u0161om presk\u00faman\u00ed modern\u00e1 kancel\u00e1rska sie\u0165, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje vykon\u00e1va\u0165 takmer v\u0161etky \u00falohy be\u017enej kancel\u00e1rie, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 postaven\u00e1 lacnej\u0161ie a r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie, ne\u017e sa predpoklad\u00e1, a jej architekt\u00fara bude pritom jednoduch\u0161ia a \u0161k\u00e1lovate\u013enej\u0161ia. Never\u00edte? Po\u010fme sa na to pozrie\u0165. A za\u010dneme t\u00fdm, \u010do sa pova\u017euje za spr\u00e1vne usporiadanie siete. <br \/>\n <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>\u010co je SCS?<\/h3>\n<p>\nKa\u017ed\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00e1 kabel\u00e1\u017ena s\u00fastava (SCS) ako kone\u010dn\u00fd prvok in\u017einierskej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary sa realizuje v nieko\u013ek\u00fdch f\u00e1zach:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>projektovanie;<\/li>\n<li>mont\u00e1\u017e kabel\u00e1\u017enej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary;<\/li>\n<li>mont\u00e1\u017e pr\u00edstupov\u00fdch bodov;<\/li>\n<li>mont\u00e1\u017e sp\u00ednac\u00edch bodov;<\/li>\n<li>\u0161tartovacie a nastavovacie pr\u00e1ce.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h3>Projektovanie <\/h3>\n<p>\nAk chce\u0161 urobi\u0165 nie\u010do ve\u013ek\u00e9 dobre, za\u010dne\u0161 pr\u00edpravou. Pre SCS je takouto pr\u00edpravou projektovanie. Pr\u00e1ve v tejto f\u00e1ze sa zoh\u013ead\u0148uje, ko\u013eko pracovn\u00fdch miest je potrebn\u00e9 zabezpe\u010di\u0165, ko\u013eko portov je potrebn\u00e9 umiestni\u0165, ak\u00fa kapacitu prenosu treba nastavi\u0165. V tejto f\u00e1ze je potrebn\u00e9 riadi\u0165 sa normami (ISO\/IEC 11801, EN 50173, ANSI\/TIA\/EIA-568-A). Fakticky sa v tejto f\u00e1ze ur\u010duj\u00fa hranice mo\u017enost\u00ed vytv\u00e1ranej siete.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u00e1lna lok\u00e1lna sie\u0165\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/cddcf41b5ee0d53b833e952011a12c37.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <\/p>\n<h3>Kabel\u00e1\u017ena infra\u0161trukt\u00fara<\/h3>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u00e1lna lok\u00e1lna sie\u0165\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/c13bdbfb62325c1e444a431125921058.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u00e1lna lok\u00e1lna sie\u0165\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/b8a053f82fc4ce9e4878d9a87f9b5107.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nV tejto f\u00e1ze s\u00fa kladen\u00e9 v\u0161etky k\u00e1blov\u00e9 magistr\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e9 zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa prenos d\u00e1t v lok\u00e1lnej sieti. Kilometre meden\u00e9ho k\u00e1bla symetrick\u00e9ho p\u00e1ru. Stovky kilogramov medi. Potreba mont\u00e1\u017ee kabel\u00e1\u017enych boxov a \u017e\u013eabov \u2014 bez nich nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 vybudova\u0165 \u0161trukt\u00farovan\u00fa kabel\u00e1\u017enu s\u00fastavu.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u00e1lna lok\u00e1lna sie\u0165\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/48756a3014034db14df51fa89a8ae3dc.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 body<\/h3>\n<p>\nAby sa zabezpe\u010dili pracovn\u00e9 miesta v\u00fdstupom do siete, s\u00fa kladen\u00e9 pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 body. V s\u00falade s princ\u00edpom nadbytu (jeden z najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00edch pri budovan\u00ed SCS) s\u00fa tak\u00e9to body umiestnen\u00e9 v po\u010dte prevy\u0161uj\u00facom minim\u00e1lne potrebn\u00e9 mno\u017estvo. Podobne ako v elektrickej sieti: \u010d\u00edm viac z\u00e1suviek, t\u00fdm flexibilnej\u0161ie mo\u017eno vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 priestor, v ktorom sa tak\u00e1to sie\u0165 nach\u00e1dza.<\/p>\n<h3>Sp\u00ednacie body, PNR<\/h3>\n<p>\nNasleduje in\u0161tal\u00e1cia hlavn\u00fdch a volite\u013en\u00fdch medzi\u010dl\u00e1nkov\u00fdch bodov prep\u00ednania. Umiest\u0148uj\u00fa sa stojany\/telekomunika\u010dn\u00e9 skrine, kabel\u00e1\u017e a porty sa ozna\u010duj\u00fa, prebieha pripojenie v r\u00e1mci konsolida\u010dn\u00fdch bodov a v kr\u00ed\u017eovom uzle. Vytv\u00e1ra sa protokol prep\u00ednania, ktor\u00fd sa n\u00e1sledne aktualizuje po\u010das cel\u00e9ho \u017eivotn\u00e9ho cyklu kabel\u00e1\u017eneho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n<p>Ke\u010f s\u00fa v\u0161etky etapy in\u0161tal\u00e1cie dokon\u010den\u00e9, uskuto\u010d\u0148uje sa testovanie cel\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. K\u00e1ble sa pripoja k akt\u00edvnemu sie\u0165ov\u00e9mu zariadeniu, sie\u0165 sa aktivuje. Overuje sa zhodnos\u0165 vy\u017eadovanej \u0161\u00edrky p\u00e1sma (r\u00fdchlosti prenosu) pre dan\u00fd SYST\u00c9M, zdvojen\u00e9 pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 body a kontroluj\u00fa sa v\u0161etky ostatn\u00e9 d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 parametre pre \u010dinnos\u0165 SYST\u00c9MU. V\u0161etky zisten\u00e9 nedostatky sa odstr\u00e1nia. A\u017e potom sa sie\u0165 odovzd\u00e1 z\u00e1kazn\u00edkovi.<\/p>\n<p>Fyzick\u00e9 prostredie pre prenos inform\u00e1ci\u00ed je pripraven\u00e9. A \u010do teraz?<\/p>\n<h3>\u010co \u201e\u017eije\u201c v SYST\u00c9ME?<\/h3>\n<p>\nSk\u00f4r sa prostredn\u00edctvom k\u00e1blovej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary lok\u00e1lnej siete pren\u00e1\u0161ali d\u00e1ta najr\u00f4znej\u0161\u00edch syst\u00e9mov, uzavret\u00fdch do vlastn\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed a protokolov. Ale zoologick\u00e1 z\u00e1hrada technol\u00f3gi\u00ed bola d\u00e1vno zredukovan\u00e1 na nulu. A teraz v \u201elok\u00e1lnej sieti\u201c zostal, sn\u00e1\u010f, len Ethernet. Telef\u00f3nia, video z bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch kamier, po\u017eiarna signaliz\u00e1cia, bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, d\u00e1ta z po\u010d\u00edtadiel spotreby verejn\u00fdch slu\u017eieb, SYST\u00c9M a \u201einteligentn\u00fd domof\u00f3n\u201c \u2013 to v\u0161etko teraz prebieha nad Ethernetom. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u00e1lna lok\u00e1lna sie\u0165\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/6ff497f60882b72291a35cfaeaaa24c4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n <br \/>\n<i>\u201eInteligentn\u00fd\u201c domof\u00f3n, SYST\u00c9M a zariadenie na dia\u013ekov\u00fd monitoring. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.nag.ru\/catalog\/00007.Avtomatizatsiya-i-monitoring-\/20594.Telemetriya-sfera-ZHKH-ERD-Project\/24382.SNR-ERD-PROject-2\">SNR-ERD-PROject-2<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n<h2>Optimalizujeme infra\u0161trukt\u00faru<\/h2>\n<p>\nA vyskytuje sa ot\u00e1zka: pri neust\u00e1lom v\u00fdvoji technol\u00f3gi\u00ed s\u00fa v\u0161etky \u010dasti tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho SYST\u00c9MU na\u010falej potrebn\u00e9?<\/p>\n<h3>Hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9 a softv\u00e9rov\u00e9 prep\u00ednanie<\/h3>\n<p>\nJe \u010das uzna\u0165 o\u010dividn\u00fa pravdu: hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9 prep\u00ednanie na \u00farovni kr\u00ed\u017eov a patchcordov je prekonan\u00e9. V\u0161etko sa u\u017e rob\u00ed pomocou VLAN portov, a administr\u00e1tori, ktor\u00ed sa pohr\u00e1vat bud\u00fa s k\u00e1blami v skriniach pri akejko\u013evek zmene v \u0161trukt\u00fare siete, to je archaizmus. Je \u010das urobi\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00ed krok a jednoducho sa vzda\u0165 kr\u00ed\u017eov a patchcordov. <\/p>\n<p>A s\u00edce ide o drobnos\u0165, ale ak sa nad t\u00fdm zamysl\u00edte, pr\u00ednos tohto kroku bude v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed ako prechod na k\u00e1bel \u010fal\u0161ej kateg\u00f3rie. Pos\u00fa\u010fte sami: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Zlep\u0161\u00ed sa kvalita fyzick\u00e9ho prostredia prenosu sign\u00e1lu.<\/li>\n<li>Zv\u00fd\u0161i sa spo\u013eahlivos\u0165, preto\u017ee zo syst\u00e9mu odstr\u00e1nime dva mechanick\u00e9 kontakty z troch (!). <\/li>\n<li>Ako d\u00f4sledok sa zv\u00fd\u0161i dosah prenosu sign\u00e1lu. Nie je to z\u00e1sadn\u00e9, ale aj tak. <\/li>\n<li>V skriniach sa n\u00e1hle oslobod\u00ed miesto. A poriadok tam, mimochodom, bude ove\u013ea v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed. A to u\u017e je \u00faspora n\u00e1kladov.<\/li>\n<li>N\u00e1klady na odstra\u0148ovan\u00e9 vybavenie nie s\u00fa vysok\u00e9, ale ak zoh\u013eadn\u00edme celkov\u00fd rozsah optimaliz\u00e1cie, m\u00f4\u017ee sa nahromadi\u0165 aj slu\u0161n\u00e1 \u00fasporn\u00e1 suma.<\/li>\n<li>Ak nebude komut\u00e1cia s kr\u00ed\u017eovou rozvodkou, je mo\u017en\u00e9 krimpova\u0165 klientsk\u00e9 linky priamo pod RJ-45. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n\u010co z toho vypl\u00fdva? Zjednodu\u0161ili sme sie\u0165, zn\u00ed\u017eili jej n\u00e1klady, a navy\u0161e sa stala menej poruchovou a viac spravovate\u013enou. Sam\u00e9 v\u00fdhody!<\/p>\n<p>A mo\u017eno by sme mali e\u0161te nie\u010do vyhodi\u0165? \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<h3>Optick\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno namiesto meden\u00e9ho vodi\u010da<\/h3>\n<p>\nA pre\u010do potrebujeme kilometre skr\u00faten\u00fdch p\u00e1rov, ke\u010f v\u0161etok objem inform\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00fd prech\u00e1dza cez hrub\u00e9 zv\u00e4zky meden\u00fdch vodi\u010dov, m\u00f4\u017ee pohodlne prech\u00e1dza\u0165 cez optick\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno? Po\u010fme nain\u0161talova\u0165 v kancel\u00e1rii 8-portov\u00fd prep\u00edna\u010d s optick\u00fdm uplinkom a napr\u00edklad podporou PoE. Od skrinky k kancel\u00e1rii \u2014 jeden optick\u00fd vodi\u010d. Od prep\u00edna\u010da k klientom \u2014 rozvod medi. Pri tom m\u00f4\u017eeme zabezpe\u010di\u0165 IP telef\u00f3ny alebo kamery okam\u017eite aj s nap\u00e1jan\u00edm. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u00e1lna lok\u00e1lna sie\u0165\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/6d6c49bdba77b05e88f942460818884c.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nT\u00fdm sa nielen\u017ee odstr\u00e1ni hromada meden\u00e9ho k\u00e1bla v kr\u00e1snych mre\u017eov\u00fdch kan\u00e1loch, ale aj sa u\u0161etria prostriedky potrebn\u00e9 na pokl\u00e1dku cel\u00e9ho tohto tradi\u010dn\u00e9ho pre SCS, ve\u013ekolep\u00e9ho vybavenia. <\/p>\n<p>Pravda, tak\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma trochu odporuje predstaveniu o \"spr\u00e1vnom\" umiestnen\u00ed vybavenia na jednom mieste, a \u00faspora na k\u00e1bli a mnohoportov\u00fdch prep\u00edna\u010doch s meden\u00fdmi portami sa pou\u017eije na n\u00e1kup mal\u00fdch prep\u00edna\u010dov s PoE a optikou.<\/p>\n<h3>Na strane klienta<\/h3>\n<p>\nK\u00e1bel na strane klienta sa objavil e\u0161te v \u010dasoch, ke\u010f bezdr\u00f4tov\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie vyzerali sk\u00f4r ako hra\u010dka ne\u017e ako skuto\u010dn\u00fd pracovn\u00ed n\u00e1stroj. Modern\u00e1 \"bezdr\u00f4tovka\" \u013eahko pon\u00fakne r\u00fdchlosti aspo\u0148 rovn\u00e9 t\u00fdm, \u010do zabezpe\u010duje teraz k\u00e1bel, ale umo\u017en\u00ed odpoji\u0165 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d od pevn\u00e9ho pripojenia. \u00c1no, ether nie je gumen\u00fd, a nem\u00f4\u017eeme ho neust\u00e1le zap\u013a\u0148a\u0165 kan\u00e1lmi, ale po prv\u00e9, vzdialenos\u0165 od klienta k pr\u00edstupov\u00e9mu bodu m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 \u00faplne mal\u00e1 (ofi\u0161n\u00e9 potreby to umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa), a po druh\u00e9, u\u017e existuj\u00fa nov\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie, ktor\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa napr\u00edklad optick\u00e9 vy\u017earovanie (napr\u00edklad takzvan\u00fd Li-Fi). <\/p>\n<p>Pri po\u017eiadavk\u00e1ch na dosah v rozsahu 5-10 metrov, dostato\u010dn\u00fdch na pripojenie 2-5 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, m\u00f4\u017ee pr\u00edstupov\u00fd bod plne podporova\u0165 gigabitov\u00fd kan\u00e1l, by\u0165 pritom ve\u013emi lacn\u00fd a \u00faplne spo\u013eahliv\u00fd. To umo\u017en\u00ed zbavi\u0165 kone\u010dn\u00e9ho pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea k\u00e1blov.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u00e1lna lok\u00e1lna sie\u0165\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/b6366f8006bf399d5596b053db018906.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nOptick\u00fd prep\u00edna\u010d S<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.nag.ru\/catalog\/00001.Kommutatory\/33630.Kommutatory-GigabitEthernet\/29499.SNR-S2995G-48FX\">NR-S2995G-48FX<\/a><\/noindex> a gigabitov\u00fd bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fd router, prepojen\u00fd optick\u00fdm patchcordom<\/p>\n<p>V bl\u00edzkej bud\u00facnosti t\u00fato mo\u017enos\u0165 zabezpe\u010dia zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 pracuj\u00fa v milimetrovom p\u00e1sme (802.11ad\/ay), ale zatia\u013e je mo\u017en\u00e9, aj ke\u010f s men\u0161\u00edmi, no predsa iba nadbyto\u010dn\u00fdmi pre kancel\u00e1rskych zamestnancov, r\u00fdchlos\u0165ami, to skuto\u010dne dosiahnu\u0165 na z\u00e1klade \u0161tandardu 802.11ac. <\/p>\n<p>Pravda, v takomto pr\u00edpade sa men\u00ed pr\u00edstup k pripojeniu zariaden\u00ed ako IP telef\u00f3ny alebo videokamery. Po prv\u00e9, bud\u00fa musie\u0165 z\u00edska\u0165 samostatn\u00e9 nap\u00e1janie cez nap\u00e1jac\u00ed zdroj. Po druh\u00e9, tieto zariadenia musia podporova\u0165 pr\u00e1cu s Wi-Fi. Napriek tomu nikto nezakazuje na za\u010diatok necha\u0165 v pr\u00edstupovom bode nejak\u00e9 mno\u017estvo meden\u00fdch portov. Aspo\u0148, pre sp\u00e4tnej kompatibility alebo neo\u010dak\u00e1van\u00fdch potrieb. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u00e1lna lok\u00e1lna sie\u0165\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/31d9cf11d0b7ef6c6928cec6c062d067.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nAko pr\u00edklad, bezdr\u00f4tov\u00fd router <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/shop.nag.ru\/catalog\/00009.Besprovodnoe-oborudovanie\/33707.Wi-Fi-marshrutizatory-SOHO\/32094.SNR-CPE-ME2-SFP\">SNR-CPE-ME2-SFP<\/a><\/noindex>, 802.11a\/b\/g\/n, 802.11ac Wave 2, 4xGE RJ45, 1xSFP<\/p>\n<h3> \u010eal\u0161\u00ed krok je logick\u00fd, v\u0161ak? <\/h3>\n<p>\nNebudeme sa zastavova\u0165 na dosiahnutom. Pripoj\u00edme pr\u00edstupov\u00e9 body optick\u00fdm k\u00e1blom s \u0161\u00edrkou p\u00e1sma, povedzme, 10 gigabitov. A zabudneme na tradi\u010dn\u00e9 SKS, ako na zl\u00fd sen.<\/p>\n<p>Sch\u00e9ma sa st\u00e1va jednoduchou a elegantnou. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Ide\u00e1lna lok\u00e1lna sie\u0165\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/09\/7c316af99dfbfc2318f365a615b358da.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nNamiesto hromadenia skr\u00ed\u0148 a \u017e\u013eabov, zaplnen\u00fdch meden\u00fdm k\u00e1blom, postav\u00edme mal\u00fa skri\u0148u, v ktorej \"\u017eije\" prep\u00edna\u010d s optick\u00fdmi \"desiatkami\" na ka\u017ed\u00fdch 4-8 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, a \u0165ah\u00e1me optick\u00e9 vl\u00e1kno a\u017e k pr\u00edstupov\u00fdm bodom. Ak je potrebn\u00e9, tu m\u00f4\u017eeme umiestni\u0165 nejak\u00e9 \u010fal\u0161ie \"meden\u00e9\" porty \u2013 nijak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom nebud\u00fa prek\u00e1\u017ea\u0165 hlavnej infra\u0161trukt\u00fare.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/465819\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0435\u0451 \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c (\u0443\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e) \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434, \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0451\u043c \u0435\u0451 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c. \u0421 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u2013 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u2013 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e. \u0422\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0448\u0435\u0432\u043b\u0435 \u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28315,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[688],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-37724","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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