{"id":37788,"date":"2019-10-31T22:19:46","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-32-vosstanovlenie-parolej-xmodem-tftpdnld-i-aktivatsiya-litsenzij-cisco\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:19:46","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:19:46","slug":"trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-32-vosstanovlenie-parolej-xmodem-tftpdnld-i-aktivatsiya-litsenzij-cisco","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/trening-cisco-200-125-ccna-v3-0-den-32-vosstanovlenie-parolej-xmodem-tftpdnld-i-aktivatsiya-litsenzij-cisco","title":{"rendered":"\u0160kolenie Cisco 200-125 CCNA v3.0. De\u0148 32. Obnova hesiel, XMODEM\/TFTPDNLD a aktiv\u00e1cia licenci\u00ed Cisco","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Dnes sa budeme zaobera\u0165 obnoven\u00edm hesiel smerova\u010dov a prep\u00edna\u010dov, aktualiz\u00e1ciou, prein\u0161talovan\u00edm a obnovou IOS a licen\u010dn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom Cisco pre opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m IOSv15. T\u00e9my s\u00fa ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre spr\u00e1vu sie\u0165ov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolenie
\n
\nAko m\u00f4\u017eete obnovi\u0165 heslo? M\u00f4\u017eete sa sp\u00fdta\u0165, na \u010do to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 potrebn\u00e9. Predpokladajme, \u017ee ste nastavili zariadenie a nastavili v\u0161etky potrebn\u00e9 hesl\u00e1: na VTY, na konzolu, na privilegovan\u00fd re\u017eim, na pripojenie Telnet a SSH, a potom ste tieto hesl\u00e1 zabudli. Mo\u017eno, \u017ee zamestnanec firmy, ktor\u00fd ich nastavil, odi\u0161iel a nezanechal v\u00e1m z\u00e1znamy, alebo ste k\u00fapili smerova\u010d na eBay a neviete hesl\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 nastavil predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci majite\u013e, a preto sa nem\u00f4\u017eete dosta\u0165 k zariadeniu. <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

V tak\u00fdchto situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch sa treba uch\u00fdli\u0165 k \"hackerom\" technik\u00e1m. Zmiznete zariadenie Cisco a prein\u0161talujete hesl\u00e1, ale to nie je skuto\u010dn\u00e9 hackovanie, ak zariadenie patr\u00ed v\u00e1m. Na to s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 tri veci: preru\u0161enie sekvencie Break Sequence, konfigura\u010dn\u00fd register a re\u0161tartovanie syst\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n

Pou\u017e\u00edvate prep\u00edna\u010d, odpojte nap\u00e1janie smerova\u010da a hne\u010f ho zapnite, aby sa smerova\u010d za\u010dal re\u0161tartova\u0165; \"ciscol\u00f3govia\" naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa tento proces \"bouncing\". V okamihu rozba\u013eovania obrazu IOS je potrebn\u00e9 aplikova\u0165 preru\u0161enie na\u010d\u00edtania, teda pripoji\u0165 sa k zariadeniu prostredn\u00edctvom konzolov\u00e9ho portu a spusti\u0165 Break Sequence. Kombin\u00e1cia kl\u00e1vesov, ktor\u00e1 sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a Break Sequence, z\u00e1vis\u00ed od programu emul\u00e1cie termin\u00e1lu, ktor\u00fd pou\u017e\u00edvate, teda pre Hyperterminal sa preru\u0161enie na\u010d\u00edtania vykon\u00e1va jednou kombin\u00e1ciou, pre SequreSRT inou. Pod t\u00fdmto videom poskytujem odkaz www.cisco.com\/c\/en\/us\/support\/docs\/routers\/10000-series-routers\/12818-61.html<\/a><\/noindex>, kde sa m\u00f4\u017eete obozn\u00e1mi\u0165 so v\u0161etk\u00fdmi kl\u00e1vesov\u00fdmi kombin\u00e1ciami pre r\u00f4zne emul\u00e1tory termin\u00e1lov, r\u00f4znu kompatibilitu a r\u00f4zne opera\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my.<\/p>\n

Pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed preru\u0161enia na\u010d\u00edtania sa smerova\u010d spust\u00ed v re\u017eime ROMmon. ROMmon je podobn\u00fd BIOS-u po\u010d\u00edta\u010da, je to z\u00e1kladn\u00fd opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vykon\u00e1va\u0165 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 servisn\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy. V tomto re\u017eime je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017ei\u0165 konfigura\u010dn\u00fd register. Ako je zn\u00e1me, po\u010das na\u010d\u00edtania syst\u00e9m kontroluje pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 zav\u00e1dzac\u00edch nastaven\u00ed, a ak nie s\u00fa, na\u010d\u00edta sa s predvolenej\u0161\u00edmi nastaveniami. <\/p>\n

Norm\u00e1lne je hodnota registra konfigur\u00e1cie routera 0x2102, \u010do znamen\u00e1 spustenie na\u010d\u00edtacej konfigur\u00e1cie. Ak t\u00fato hodnotu zmen\u00edte na 0x2142, po\u010das Break Sequence bude na\u010d\u00edtacia konfigur\u00e1cia ignorovan\u00e1, preto\u017ee syst\u00e9m si nev\u0161imne obsah nevymazate\u013enej pam\u00e4te NVRAM a na\u010d\u00edta predvolen\u00fa konfigur\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00e1 zodpoved\u00e1 nastaveniam routera \u201ez krabice\u201c. <\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee na na\u010d\u00edtanie s predvo\u013ebami mus\u00edte zmeni\u0165 hodnotu registra konfigur\u00e1cie na 0x2142, \u010do doslova hovor\u00ed zariadeniu: \u201epros\u00edm, pri ka\u017edom spusten\u00ed ignorujte na\u010d\u00edtaciu konfigur\u00e1ciu!\u201c. Ke\u010f\u017ee t\u00e1to konfigur\u00e1cia obsahuje v\u0161etky hesl\u00e1, pri spusten\u00ed s predvo\u013ebami m\u00e1te vo\u013en\u00fd pr\u00edstup do privilegovan\u00e9ho re\u017eimu. V tomto re\u017eime m\u00f4\u017eete reinstalova\u0165 hesl\u00e1, ulo\u017ei\u0165 vykonan\u00e9 zmeny, re\u0161tartova\u0165 syst\u00e9m a z\u00edska\u0165 \u00fapln\u00fa kontrolu nad zariaden\u00edm. <\/p>\n

Teraz spust\u00edm Packet Tracer a uk\u00e1\u017eem to, o \u010dom som pr\u00e1ve hovoril. Vid\u00edte topol\u00f3giu siete, pozost\u00e1vaj\u00facu z routera, v ktorom potrebujete reinstalova\u0165 hesl\u00e1, switche a notebooku. Vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch video lekci\u00e1ch som klikol na ikonu zariadenia v Packet Tracer, pre\u0161iel na kartu konzoly CLI a nastavoval zariadenie. Teraz chcem prist\u00fapi\u0165 inak a uk\u00e1za\u0165, ako to funguje na skuto\u010dnom zariaden\u00ed. <\/p>\n

Pripoj\u00edm s\u00e9riov\u00fd port notebooku RS-232 konzolov\u00fdm k\u00e1blom k konzolov\u00e9mu portu routera, v programe je tento k\u00e1bel svetlo modrej farby. Nemus\u00edm nastavova\u0165 \u017eiadne IP adresy, preto\u017ee na komunik\u00e1ciu s konzolov\u00fdm portom routera nie s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolenie
\n
\nNa notebooku prech\u00e1dzam na kartu Termin\u00e1l a kontrolujem parametre: r\u00fdchlos\u0165 prenosu 9600 b\/s, informa\u010dn\u00fdch bitov \u2013 8, bez parity, stopov\u00fdch bitov \u2013 1, kontrola toku \u2013 nie, a potom stla\u010d\u00edm tla\u010didlo OK, \u010do mi poskytne pr\u00edstup k konzole routera. Ak porovn\u00e1te inform\u00e1cie v oboch okn\u00e1ch \u2013 CLI routera R0 a na obrazovke notebooku Laptop0, bud\u00fa \u00faplne rovnak\u00e9. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolenie
\n
\nPacket Tracer umo\u017e\u0148uje robi\u0165 podobn\u00e9 veci, ale v praxi nebudeme pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 okno konzoly routera CLI, ale budeme pracova\u0165 iba cez termin\u00e1l po\u010d\u00edta\u010da. <\/p>\n

Tak\u017ee m\u00e1me router, na ktorom je potrebn\u00e9 resetova\u0165 heslo. Pripoj\u00edte sa k termin\u00e1lu notebooku, skontrolujete nastavenia, prejdete do konfigura\u010dn\u00e9ho panelu routera a zist\u00edte, \u017ee pr\u00edstup je zablokovan\u00fd heslom! Ako sa tam dosta\u0165? <\/p>\n

Prech\u00e1dzam k routeru, na kartu, kde je zobrazen\u00fd ako fyzick\u00e9 zariadenie, kliknem na vyp\u00edna\u010d zdroja a ihne\u010f ho zap\u00ednam sp\u00e4\u0165. Vid\u00edte, \u017ee v okne termin\u00e1lu sa objavilo hl\u00e1senie o samoextrakcii obrazu OS. V tomto okamihu mus\u00edte pou\u017ei\u0165 kl\u00e1vesov\u00fa kombin\u00e1ciu Ctrl+C, ktor\u00e1 sa pou\u017e\u00edva na prechod do re\u017eimu rommon v programe Packet Tracer. Ak ste pripojen\u00ed cez Hyperterminal, mus\u00edte stla\u010di\u0165 Ctrl+Break. <\/p>\n

Vid\u00edte, \u017ee na obrazovke sa objavila riadok s hlavi\u010dkou rommon 1, a ak zad\u00e1te ot\u00e1znik, syst\u00e9m poskytne s\u00e9riu n\u00e1poved\u00ed, ak\u00e9 pr\u00edkazy m\u00f4\u017eete v tomto re\u017eime pou\u017ei\u0165. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolenie
\n
\nParametr boot sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a vn\u00fatorn\u00fd proces na\u010d\u00edtania, confreg sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a utilitu na nastavenie registru, a n\u00e1s zauj\u00edma pr\u00e1ve tento pr\u00edkaz. Zapisujem do riadku termin\u00e1lu confreg 0x2142. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pri re\u0161tarte sa inform\u00e1cie ulo\u017een\u00e9 vo flash pam\u00e4ti NVRAM bud\u00fa ignorova\u0165 a router sa spust\u00ed s predvolen\u00fdmi nastaveniami, ako \u00faplne nov\u00e9 zariadenie. Keby som nap\u00edsal pr\u00edkaz confreg 0x2102, router by pou\u017eil posledn\u00e9 ulo\u017een\u00e9 na\u010d\u00edtacie parametre. <\/p>\n

\u010ealej pr\u00edkazom reset re\u0161tartujem syst\u00e9m. Ako vid\u00edte, po jeho na\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed namiesto ponuky na zadanie hesla, ako minule, syst\u00e9m jednoducho sa p\u00fdta, \u010di chcem pokra\u010dova\u0165 v konfigura\u010dnom dial\u00f3gu. Teraz m\u00e1me router s predvolen\u00fdmi nastaveniami, bez akejko\u013evek pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskej konfigur\u00e1cie. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolenie
\n
\nZad\u00e1vam no, potom pr\u00edkaz enter a prech\u00e1dzam z pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho re\u017eimu do privilegovan\u00e9ho re\u017eimu. Ke\u010f\u017ee chcem prezrie\u0165 konfigura\u010dn\u00e9 nastavenia na\u010d\u00edtania, pou\u017e\u00edvam pr\u00edkaz show startup-config. Vid\u00edte n\u00e1zov hostite\u013ea NwKing router, uv\u00edtac\u00ed banner a heslo na konzolu \u201econsole\u201c. Teraz pozn\u00e1m toto heslo a m\u00f4\u017eem ho skop\u00edrova\u0165, aby som nezabudol, alebo ho m\u00f4\u017eem zmeni\u0165 na in\u00e9. <\/p>\n

\u010co potrebujem najprv, je nahra\u0165 konfigura\u010dn\u00fd s\u00fabor spustenia do aktu\u00e1lnej konfigur\u00e1cie routera. Na to pou\u017e\u00edvam pr\u00edkaz copy startup-config running-config. Teraz je na\u0161ou aktu\u00e1lnou konfigur\u00e1ciou predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faca konfigur\u00e1cia routera. Vid\u00edte, \u017ee potom sa n\u00e1zov routera v pr\u00edkazovom riadku zmenil z Router na NwKingRouter. Pomocou pr\u00edkazu show run si m\u00f4\u017eete prezrie\u0165 aktu\u00e1lnu konfigur\u00e1ciu zariadenia, kde je vidie\u0165, \u017ee heslo na konzolu je slovo \u201econsole\u201c, nepou\u017eili sme heslo enable, \u010do je spr\u00e1vne. Mus\u00edte si pam\u00e4ta\u0165, \u017ee obnovenie \u201ezab\u00edja\u201c privilegovan\u00fd re\u017eim a op\u00e4\u0165 sa dost\u00e1vate do pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho re\u017eimu pr\u00edkazov\u00e9ho riadku. <\/p>\n

St\u00e1le m\u00f4\u017eeme vykona\u0165 zmeny v registri, a ak by bolo heslo tajn\u00e9, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee by sa pou\u017eila funkcia enable secret, zjavne by ste ho nemohli de\u0161ifrova\u0165, tak\u017ee sa m\u00f4\u017eeme vr\u00e1ti\u0165 do glob\u00e1lneho konfigura\u010dn\u00e9ho re\u017eimu pr\u00edkazom config t a nastavi\u0165 nov\u00e9 heslo. Na to zad\u00e1m pr\u00edkaz enable secret enable alebo m\u00f4\u017eem pou\u017ei\u0165 ak\u00e9ko\u013evek in\u00e9 slovo ako heslo. Ak zad\u00e1te show run, uvid\u00edte, \u017ee funkcia enable secret je povolen\u00e1, heslo teraz nevyzer\u00e1 ako slovo \u201eenable\u201c, ale ako re\u0165azec \u0161ifrovan\u00fdch znakov a nemus\u00edte sa ob\u00e1va\u0165 o bezpe\u010dnos\u0165, preto\u017ee ste pr\u00e1ve sami nastavili a za\u0161ifrovali nov\u00e9 heslo. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolenie
\n
\nTakto m\u00f4\u017eete obnovi\u0165 heslo routera. V\u0161imnite si jednu d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa vec: ak zad\u00e1te pr\u00edkaz \u201euk\u00e1za\u0165 verziu\u201c show version, uvid\u00edte, \u017ee hodnota registra konfigur\u00e1cie je 0x2142. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee aj ke\u010f pou\u017eijem pr\u00edkaz copy running to startup a re\u0161tartujem router, syst\u00e9m znova na\u010d\u00edta predvolen\u00e9 nastavenia, to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee router sa vr\u00e1ti k tov\u00e1rensk\u00fdm nastaveniam. To nepotrebujeme, preto\u017ee sme resetovali heslo, z\u00edskali kontrolu nad zariaden\u00edm a chceme ho pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 v prev\u00e1dzkovom re\u017eime. <\/p>\n

Preto je potrebn\u00e9 vst\u00fapi\u0165 do glob\u00e1lneho konfigura\u010dn\u00e9ho re\u017eimu Router(config)# a zada\u0165 pr\u00edkaz config-register 0x2102, a a\u017e potom pou\u017ei\u0165 pr\u00edkaz na kop\u00edrovanie aktu\u00e1lnej konfigur\u00e1cie do spustenia copy run start. Aktu\u00e1lne nastavenia do sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165acej konfigur\u00e1cie je mo\u017en\u00e9 skop\u00edrova\u0165 aj pomocou pr\u00edkazu write. Ak teraz zad\u00e1te show version, uvid\u00edte, \u017ee hodnota registra konfigur\u00e1cie je teraz 0x2102 a syst\u00e9m ozn\u00e1mi, \u017ee zmeny nadobudn\u00fa \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 pri \u010fal\u0161om re\u0161tarte routera. <\/p>\n

Preto iniciujeme re\u0161tart pr\u00edkazom reload, syst\u00e9m sa re\u0161tartuje a teraz m\u00e1me v\u0161etky konfigura\u010dn\u00e9 s\u00fabory, v\u0161etky nastavenia a pozn\u00e1me v\u0161etky hesl\u00e1. Takto sa vykon\u00e1va obnova hesiel routera. <\/p>\n

Po\u010fme si uk\u00e1za\u0165, ako vykona\u0165 tento ist\u00fd postup pre switch. Router m\u00e1 vyp\u00edna\u010d, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje vypn\u00fa\u0165 a znova zapn\u00fa\u0165 nap\u00e1janie, ale switch Cisco tak\u00fdto vyp\u00edna\u010d nem\u00e1. Mus\u00edme sa pripoji\u0165 k s\u00e9riov\u00e9mu portu pomocou s\u00e9riov\u00e9ho k\u00e1bla, potom odpoji\u0165 nap\u00e1jac\u00ed k\u00e1bel zozadu switcha, po 10-15 sekund\u00e1ch ho vr\u00e1ti\u0165 a hne\u010f stla\u010di\u0165 a podr\u017ea\u0165 tla\u010didlo MODE po dobu 3 sek\u00fand. T\u00fdm sa switch automaticky prehod\u00ed do re\u017eimu ROMmon. V tomto re\u017eime mus\u00edte inicializova\u0165 s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m na flash a premenova\u0165 s\u00fabor config.text, napr\u00edklad na config.text.old. Ak ho len odstr\u00e1nite, switch \u201ezabudne\u201c nielen hesl\u00e1, ale aj v\u0161etky predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face nastavenia. Potom syst\u00e9m re\u0161tartujete.<\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolenie
\n
\n\u010co sa pritom deje so switchom? V okamihu re\u0161tartu sa obracia na konfigura\u010dn\u00fd s\u00fabor config.text. Ak nen\u00e1jde tento s\u00fabor vo flash pam\u00e4ti zariadenia, na\u010d\u00edta IOS s predvolen\u00fdmi nastaveniami. V tom je rozdiel: v routeri mus\u00edte zmeni\u0165 nastavenie registra, zatia\u013e \u010do v switchi sta\u010d\u00ed jednoducho zmeni\u0165 n\u00e1zov sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165acieho s\u00faboru s nastaveniami. Uvid\u00edme, ako to prebieha v programe Packet Tracer. Tentokr\u00e1t pripojujem notebook s\u00e9riov\u00fdm k\u00e1blom k s\u00e9riov\u00e9mu portu switcha. <\/p>\n

Nepou\u017e\u00edvame CLI konzolu switcha, ale modelujeme situ\u00e1ciu, ke\u010f je mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edstup k nastaveniam switcha len pomocou notebooku. Pou\u017e\u00edvam tie ist\u00e9 nastavenia termin\u00e1lu notebooka, ako v pr\u00edpade routera, a po stla\u010den\u00ed \u201eEnter\u201c sa prip\u00e1jam k s\u00e9riov\u00e9mu portu switcha. <\/p>\n

Vo Packet Traceri nem\u00f4\u017eem odpoji\u0165 a pripoji\u0165 nap\u00e1jac\u00ed k\u00e1bel, ako to rob\u00edm s fyzick\u00fdm zariaden\u00edm. Keby som mal heslo na konzolu, mohol by som prebudova\u0165 prep\u00edna\u010d, preto zad\u00e1vam pr\u00edkaz enable password enable na pridelenie lok\u00e1lneho pr\u00edstupu do privilegovan\u00e9ho re\u017eimu konzoly. <\/p>\n

Ak teraz prejdeme do nastaven\u00ed, uvid\u00edme, \u017ee syst\u00e9m \u017eiada heslo, ktor\u00e9 nepozn\u00e1m. Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee mus\u00edm iniciova\u0165 re\u0161tart syst\u00e9mu. Ako vid\u00edte, syst\u00e9m neakceptuje pr\u00edkaz reload, ktor\u00fd pri\u0161iel z u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho re\u017eimu zariadenia, preto mus\u00edm pou\u017ei\u0165 privilegovan\u00fd re\u017eim. Ako som u\u017e spom\u00ednal, v re\u00e1lnom \u017eivote by som iba na nieko\u013eko sek\u00fand odpojil nap\u00e1jac\u00ed k\u00e1bel prep\u00edna\u010da, aby som vyvolal re\u0161tart, ale preto\u017ee to nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 v programe, mus\u00edm odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 heslo a re\u0161tartova\u0165 priamo odtia\u013e. Ch\u00e1pete, pre\u010do to rob\u00edm, spr\u00e1vne? <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolenie
\n
\nTak\u017ee prech\u00e1dzam z karty CLI na kartu \u201eFyzick\u00e9 zariadenie\u201c a ke\u010f sa zariadenie za\u010dne re\u0161tartova\u0165, dr\u017e\u00edm virtu\u00e1lne tla\u010didlo MODE po dobu 3 sek\u00fand, aby som sa dostal do re\u017eimu ROMmon. Vid\u00edte, \u017ee inform\u00e1cie v okne CLI prep\u00edna\u010da s\u00fa rovnak\u00e9, ako v okne na obrazovke notebooku. Prech\u00e1dzam k notebooku, v ktorom je zobrazen\u00fd re\u017eim ROMmon prep\u00edna\u010da, a zad\u00e1vam pr\u00edkaz flash_init. Tento pr\u00edkaz inicializuje s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m na flash, po ktorom zad\u00e1vam pr\u00edkaz dir_flash, aby som si prezrel obsah flash pam\u00e4te. <\/p>\n

Tu s\u00fa umiestnen\u00e9 dva s\u00fabory \u2013 s\u00fabor opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu IOS s pr\u00edponou .bin a s\u00fabor config.text, ktor\u00fd mus\u00edme premenova\u0165. Na to pou\u017e\u00edvam pr\u00edkaz rename flash:config.text flash:config.old. Ak teraz pou\u017eijeme pr\u00edkaz dir_flash, m\u00f4\u017eeme vidie\u0165, \u017ee s\u00fabor config.text bol premenovan\u00fd na config.old. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolenie
\n
\nTeraz zad\u00e1m pr\u00edkaz reset, prep\u00edna\u010d sa re\u0161tartuje a po na\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed syst\u00e9mu prejde na v\u00fdrobn\u00e9 nastavenia. To dokazuje zmena n\u00e1zvu zariadenia v pr\u00edkazovom riadku z NwKingSwitch na jednoduch\u00fd Switch. V skuto\u010dnom zariaden\u00ed existuje pr\u00edkaz rename, ale v Packet Tracer ho nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165. Preto pou\u017e\u00edvam show running conf, ako vid\u00edte, prep\u00edna\u010d pou\u017e\u00edva v\u0161etky predvolen\u00e9 nastavenia, a zad\u00e1m pr\u00edkaz more flash:config.old. O toto ide pri hackovan\u00ed: mus\u00edte jednoducho skop\u00edrova\u0165 aktu\u00e1lnu konfigur\u00e1ciu zariadenia zobrazen\u00fa na obrazovke, prejs\u0165 do glob\u00e1lneho konfigura\u010dn\u00e9ho re\u017eimu a vlo\u017ei\u0165 skop\u00edrovan\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie. Ide\u00e1lne je, \u017ee skop\u00edrujeme \u00faplne v\u0161etky nastavenia, a vid\u00edte, \u017ee sa zmenil n\u00e1zov zariadenia a prep\u00edna\u010d pre\u0161iel do be\u017en\u00e9ho re\u017eimu prev\u00e1dzky.<\/p>\n

Teraz zost\u00e1va skop\u00edrova\u0165 aktu\u00e1lnu konfigur\u00e1ciu do na\u010d\u00edtacej konfigur\u00e1cie, teda vytvori\u0165 nov\u00fd s\u00fabor config.text. Najjednoduch\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob je jednoducho premenova\u0165 star\u00fd s\u00fabor sp\u00e4\u0165 na config.text, to znamen\u00e1 skop\u00edrova\u0165 obsah config.old do aktu\u00e1lnej konfigur\u00e1cie a potom ju ulo\u017ei\u0165 ako config.text. Takto prebieha obnovenie hesla prep\u00edna\u010da. <\/p>\n

Teraz si uk\u00e1\u017eeme, ako vykon\u00e1va\u0165 z\u00e1lohovanie a obnovenie opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu Cisco IOS. Z\u00e1lohovanie spo\u010d\u00edva v kop\u00edrovan\u00ed obrazu IOS na TFTP server. \u010ealej v\u00e1m poviem, ako prenies\u0165 s\u00fabor obrazu syst\u00e9mu z tohto servera na va\u0161e zariadenie. Tretia t\u00e9ma je obnova syst\u00e9mu v re\u017eime ROMmon. To m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 potrebn\u00e9, ak v\u00e1\u0161 kolega n\u00e1hodou odstr\u00e1nil IOS a syst\u00e9m prestal bootova\u0165. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolenie
\n
\nPozrieme sa, ako z\u00edska\u0165 s\u00fabor syst\u00e9mu z TFTP servera v re\u017eime ROMmod. Na to s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii 2 sp\u00f4soby, jedn\u00fdm z nich je xmodem. Packet Tracer nepodporuje xmodem, preto v\u00e1m v kr\u00e1tkosti poviem, \u010do to je, a potom uk\u00e1\u017eem pomocou Packet Tracer, ako sa pou\u017e\u00edva druh\u00fd sp\u00f4sob \u2013 obnova syst\u00e9mu cez TFTP. <\/p>\n

Na sch\u00e9me je zobrazen\u00e9 zariadenie Router0, ktor\u00e9mu bol priraden\u00fd IP adresa 10.1.1.1. Tento router je pripojen\u00fd k serveru s IP adresou 10.1.1.10. Zabudol som priradi\u0165 adresu routeru, tak\u017ee to teraz r\u00fdchlo naprav\u00edm. N\u00e1\u0161 router nie je pripojen\u00fd k notebooku, tak\u017ee program nedovol\u00ed pou\u017ei\u0165 konzolu CLI, a to budem musie\u0165 opravi\u0165. <\/p>\n

Pripojujem prenosn\u00fd po\u010d\u00edta\u010d k routeru konzolov\u00fdm k\u00e1blom, syst\u00e9m ma \u017eiada o heslo na konzole a pou\u017e\u00edvam slovo console. V re\u017eime glob\u00e1lnej konfigur\u00e1cie prira\u010fujem rozhraniu f0\/0 potrebn\u00fa IP adresu a masku podsiete 255.255.255.0 a prid\u00e1vam pr\u00edkaz no shutdown. <\/p>\n

Potom zad\u00e1m pr\u00edkaz show flash a vid\u00edm, \u017ee v pam\u00e4ti s\u00fa umiestnen\u00e9 3 s\u00fabory. S\u00fabor \u010d\u00edslo 3 je najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161\u00ed, je to s\u00fabor IOS routera. Teraz je potrebn\u00e9 nastavi\u0165 TFTP server, preto klik\u00e1m na ikonu zariadenia Server0 a otv\u00e1ram kartu SERVICES. Vid\u00edme, \u017ee TFTP server je zapnut\u00fd a obsahuje s\u00fabory mnoh\u00fdch opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov Cisco, vr\u00e1tane IOS pre n\u00e1\u0161 router c1841 \u2013 je to tret\u00ed v porad\u00ed v zozname. Mus\u00edm ho odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 zo servera, preto\u017ee chcem sem skop\u00edrova\u0165 in\u00fd s\u00fabor IOS z n\u00e1\u0161ho routera Router0. Na to zv\u00fdrazn\u00edm s\u00fabor a kliknem na Remove file, potom prech\u00e1dzam na kartu konzoly prenosn\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00edta\u010da. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolenie
\n
\nNach\u00e1dzaj\u00fac sa v konzole routera, zad\u00e1m pr\u00edkaz copy flash tftp , potom skop\u00edrujem a vlo\u017e\u00edm n\u00e1zov s\u00faboru opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolenie
\n
\nPotom v pr\u00edkaze mus\u00edte uvies\u0165 adresu alebo n\u00e1zov vzdialen\u00e9ho hostite\u013ea, na ktor\u00fd by mal by\u0165 tento s\u00fabor skop\u00edrovan\u00fd. Rovnako ako pri ulo\u017een\u00ed sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165acej konfigur\u00e1cie routera, aj tu je potrebn\u00e1 pozornos\u0165. Ak omylom skop\u00edrujete nie aktu\u00e1lnu konfigur\u00e1ciu do sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165acej, ale naopak, sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aciu do aktu\u00e1lnej, po re\u0161tarte zariadenia strat\u00edte v\u0161etky vykonan\u00e9 nastavenia. Takto nemo\u017eno zamie\u0148a\u0165 zdroj a cie\u013e. Tak\u017ee najprv uv\u00e1dzame n\u00e1zov s\u00faboru, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 by\u0165 skop\u00edrovan\u00fd na server, a potom IP adresu tohto servera 10.1.1.10. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolenie
\n
\nVid\u00edte, \u017ee za\u010dal prenos s\u00faboru, a ak sa pozriete na zoznam s\u00faborov TFTP, vidno, \u017ee namiesto vzdialen\u00e9ho s\u00faboru tu sa objavil nov\u00fd s\u00fabor IOS n\u00e1\u0161ho routera. Takto prebieha kop\u00edrovanie IOS na server. <\/p>\n

Teraz sa vraciame k oknu nastaven\u00ed routera na obrazovke notebooku a zad\u00e1vame pr\u00edkaz copy tftp flash, uv\u00e1dzame adresu vzdialen\u00e9ho hostite\u013ea 10.1.1.10 a n\u00e1zov zdrojov\u00e9ho s\u00faboru Source filename, teda IOS, ktor\u00fd potrebujeme skop\u00edrova\u0165 do flash pam\u00e4te routera: c1841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin. \u010ealej sa uv\u00e1dza n\u00e1zov cie\u013eov\u00e9ho s\u00faboru Destination filename, ktor\u00fd v na\u0161om pr\u00edpade bude presne tak\u00fd ist\u00fd ako n\u00e1zov zdroja. Potom stla\u010d\u00edm \u201eEnter\u201c a nov\u00fd s\u00fabor IOS sa kop\u00edruje do flash pam\u00e4te routera. Vid\u00edte, \u017ee teraz m\u00e1me dva s\u00fabory opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu: nov\u00fd s \u010d\u00edslom 3 a predch\u00e1dzaj\u00faci origin\u00e1lny s \u010d\u00edslom 4. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolenie
\n
\nV ozna\u010den\u00ed IOS je pre n\u00e1s d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e1 verzia \u2013 v prvom s\u00fabore s \u010d\u00edslom 3 je to 124, a v druhom s \u010d\u00edslom 4 \u2013 123, teda star\u0161ia verzia. Okrem toho, advipservicesk9 nazna\u010duje, \u017ee t\u00e1to verzia syst\u00e9mu je funk\u010dnej\u0161ia ako ipbase, preto\u017ee umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 MPLS a podobne. <\/p>\n

\u010eal\u0161ou mo\u017enou udalos\u0165ou je to, \u017ee ste omylom vymazali flash \u2013 zad\u00e1vam pr\u00edkaz delete flash a uv\u00e1dzam n\u00e1zov s\u00faboru IOS, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 by\u0165 odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd. <\/p>\n

Ale predt\u00fdm chcem poveda\u0165, \u017ee teraz predvolene pri \u0161tarte bude pou\u017eit\u00fd s\u00fabor syst\u00e9mu s \u010d\u00edslom 3, teda c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin. Predpokladajme, \u017ee z nejak\u00e9ho d\u00f4vodu chcem, aby pri \u010fal\u0161om \u0161tarte syst\u00e9mu bol pou\u017eit\u00fd s\u00fabor \u010d\u00edslo 4 \u2014 c1841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin. Na to prech\u00e1dzam do glob\u00e1lneho konfigura\u010dn\u00e9ho re\u017eimu a zad\u00e1vam pr\u00edkaz boot system flash: c1841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin.<\/p>\n

Teraz pri \u010fal\u0161om \u0161tarte bude tento s\u00fabor pou\u017eit\u00fd ako OS predvolene, aj ke\u010f v na\u0161ej flash bude ulo\u017een\u00fdch nieko\u013eko opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov. <\/p>\n

Vr\u00e1\u0165me sa k odstra\u0148ovaniu OS a zad\u00e1me pr\u00edkaz delete flash: c1841-ipbase-mz.123-14.T7.bin. Po tom odstr\u00e1nime aj druh\u00fd OS pr\u00edkazom delete flash: c1841-advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin, tak\u017ee router sa zbav\u00ed oboch opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n

Ak teraz zad\u00e1m show flash, vid\u00edme, \u017ee teraz nem\u00e1me \u017eiadny OS. \u010co sa stane, ak zad\u00e1m pr\u00edkaz na re\u0161tart? Vid\u00edte, \u017ee po zadan\u00ed pr\u00edkazu reload zariadenie okam\u017eite prech\u00e1dza do re\u017eimu ROMmon. Ako som povedal, pri \u0161tarte zariadenie h\u013ead\u00e1 s\u00fabor OS a v pr\u00edpade jeho nepr\u00edtomnosti prech\u00e1dza k z\u00e1kladn\u00e9mu OS rommon. <\/p>\n

V programe Packet Tracer nie s\u00fa \u017eiadne pr\u00edkazy xmodem, ktor\u00e9 je mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165 na skuto\u010dnom fyzickom zariaden\u00ed. Tam zad\u00e1vate xmodem a prid\u00e1vate potrebn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa na\u010d\u00edtania OS. Ak pou\u017e\u00edvate termin\u00e1l SecureCRT, m\u00f4\u017eete klikn\u00fa\u0165 na s\u00fabor, vybra\u0165 mo\u017enos\u0165, ktor\u00e1 vykon\u00e1 prenos, a potom zvoli\u0165 xmodem. Potom, \u010do ste vybrali xmodem, vyberiete s\u00fabor opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Predpokladajme, \u017ee tento s\u00fabor sa nach\u00e1dza na va\u0161om laptopu, potom zad\u00e1te xmodem, ur\u010d\u00ed budete tento s\u00fabor a odosielate ho. Av\u0161ak xmodem je ve\u013emi a ve\u013emi pomal\u00e1 vec, a proces prenosu v z\u00e1vislosti od ve\u013ekosti s\u00faboru m\u00f4\u017ee trva\u0165 1-2 hodiny. <\/p>\n

Server TFTP funguje ove\u013ea r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie. Ako som u\u017e povedal, v programe Packet Tracer nie s\u00fa \u017eiadne pr\u00edkazy xmodem, preto na na\u010d\u00edtanie pou\u017eijeme pr\u00edkaz tftpdnld, po ktorom syst\u00e9m poskytne pokyny, ako obnovi\u0165 obraz syst\u00e9mu cez server TFTP. Uvid\u00edte r\u00f4zne parametre, ktor\u00e9 budete musie\u0165 uvies\u0165 na na\u010d\u00edtanie s\u00faboru OS. Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa tieto parametre potrebn\u00e9? Musia sa pou\u017ei\u0165, preto\u017ee v re\u017eime rommon tento router nem\u00e1 funk\u010dnos\u0165 zariadenia s plnohodnotn\u00fdm IOS. Preto najprv mus\u00edme ru\u010dne uvies\u0165 IP adresu n\u00e1\u0161ho routera, pomocou parametra IP_ADDRESS=10.1.1.1, n\u00e1sledne masku podsiete IP_SUBNET_MASK=255.255.255.0, predvolen\u00fa br\u00e1nu DEFAULT_GATEWAY=10.1.1.10, server TFTP_SERVER=10.1.1.10 a s\u00fabor TFTP_FILE= c1841- advipservicesk9-mz.124-15.T1.bin.<\/p>\n

Po tom, \u010do som to urobil, spust\u00edm pr\u00edkaz tftpdnld a syst\u00e9m \u017eiada, aby potvrdil t\u00fato akciu, preto\u017ee v\u0161etky existuj\u00face \u00fadaje vo flash pam\u00e4ti bud\u00fa straten\u00e9. Ak odpoviem '\u00c1no', uvid\u00edte, \u017ee farba portov pripojenia router-server sa zmenila na zelen\u00fa, teda prebieha proces kop\u00edrovania opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu zo servera.<\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolenie
\n
\nPo dokon\u010den\u00ed na\u010d\u00edtania s\u00faboru pou\u017e\u00edvam pr\u00edkaz boot, po ktorom sa za\u010d\u00edna rozba\u013eovanie obrazu syst\u00e9mu. Vid\u00edte, \u017ee po tomto router prech\u00e1dza do funk\u010dn\u00e9ho stavu, ke\u010f\u017ee zariadeniu bola vr\u00e1ten\u00e1 opera\u010dn\u00e1 s\u00fastava. Takto prebieha obnova funk\u010dnosti zariadenia, ktor\u00e9 pri\u0161lo o svoju opera\u010dn\u00fa s\u00fastavu.
\nTeraz sa po\u010fme trochu porozpr\u00e1va\u0165 o licencovan\u00ed Cisco IOS. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolenie
\n
\nPred verziou 15 existovali predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face verzie licenci\u00ed, napr\u00edklad 12, po ktorej bola hne\u010f vydan\u00e1 verzia 15, nep\u00fdtajte sa, kam sa stratili \u010d\u00edsla 13 a 14. Ke\u010f ste zak\u00fapili zariadenie Cisco, s z\u00e1kladnou funk\u010dnos\u0165ou IOS IP Base st\u00e1lo, povedzme, 1000 $. To bola minim\u00e1lna cena \u201ehardv\u00e9ru\u201c s nain\u0161talovan\u00fdm z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm opera\u010dn\u00fdm syst\u00e9mom. <\/p>\n

Povedzme, \u017ee v\u00e1\u0161 priate\u013e chcel, aby jeho zariadenie malo roz\u0161\u00edren\u00fa funk\u010dnos\u0165 Advance IP Services, potom cena bola, povedzme, 10 000 dol\u00e1rov. Uv\u00e1dzam n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 \u010d\u00edsla, len aby ste pochopili princ\u00edp. Ke\u010f m\u00e1te obaja rovnak\u00fd hardv\u00e9r, rozdiel spo\u010d\u00edva iba vo nain\u0161talovanom softv\u00e9ri. Ni\u010d v\u00e1m nebr\u00e1nilo po\u017eiada\u0165 svojho priate\u013ea o k\u00f3piu jeho softv\u00e9ru, nain\u0161talova\u0165 ju na svoje \u201ehardv\u00e9rov\u00e9\u201c zariadenie a t\u00fdm u\u0161etri\u0165 9 000 dol\u00e1rov. Aj keby ste tak\u00e9ho priate\u013ea nemali, s modern\u00fdm rozvojom internetu je mo\u017en\u00e9 stiahnu\u0165 a nain\u0161talova\u0165 pir\u00e1tsku k\u00f3piu softv\u00e9ru. Je to nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 a neodpor\u00fa\u010dam v\u00e1m to robi\u0165, ale \u013eudia to \u010dasto robia. Preto sa Cisco rozhodlo implementova\u0165 mechanizmus, ktor\u00fd zabra\u0148uje tak\u00fdmto praktik\u00e1m, a vyvinulo verziu IOS 15, kde je zaveden\u00e9 licencovanie.
\nV predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich verzi\u00e1ch IOS, napr\u00edklad 12.4, sama n\u00e1zov syst\u00e9mu nazna\u010doval jeho funk\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti, tak\u017ee po z\u00edskan\u00ed nastaven\u00ed zariadenia ste ich mohli ur\u010di\u0165 pod\u013ea n\u00e1zvu s\u00faboru opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. V skuto\u010dnosti existovalo nieko\u013eko opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov jednej verzie podobne ako existuje Windows Home, Windows Professional, Windows Enterprise at\u010f. <\/p>\n

Vo verzii 15 existuje iba jeden univerz\u00e1lny opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m \u2013 Cisco IOSv15, ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 nieko\u013eko \u00farovn\u00ed licencovania. Obraz syst\u00e9mu obsahuje v\u0161etky funkcie, ale s\u00fa zablokovan\u00e9 a rozdelen\u00e9 do bal\u00edkov.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00fd bal\u00edk IP Base je predvolene akt\u00edvny, m\u00e1 do\u017eivotn\u00fa platnos\u0165 a je dostupn\u00fd ka\u017ed\u00e9mu, kto si zak\u00fapil zariadenie od spolo\u010dnosti Cisco. Ostatn\u00e9 tri bal\u00edky, Data, Unified Communication a Security, je mo\u017en\u00e9 aktivova\u0165 iba pomocou licencie. Ak potrebujete bal\u00edk Data, m\u00f4\u017eete nav\u0161t\u00edvi\u0165 webov\u00fa str\u00e1nku spolo\u010dnosti, zaplati\u0165 ur\u010dit\u00fa sumu a Cisco v\u00e1m za\u0161le licen\u010dn\u00fd s\u00fabor na va\u0161u e-mailov\u00fa adresu. Tento s\u00fabor skop\u00edrujete do flash pam\u00e4te svojho zariadenia pomocou TFTP alebo in\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, po \u010dom sa v\u0161etky funkcie bal\u00edka Data automaticky stan\u00fa dostupn\u00fdmi. Ak potrebujete roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00e9 funkcie, ako s\u00fa \u0161ifrovanie, IPSec, VPN, firewall at\u010f., zak\u00fapite licenciu na bal\u00edk Security.
\nTeraz pomocou Packet Tracera uk\u00e1\u017eem, ako to vyzer\u00e1. Vst\u00fapim na kartu CLI nastaven\u00ed routera a zad\u00e1m pr\u00edkaz show version. Vid\u00edte, \u017ee sme spustili opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m verzie 15.1, \u010do je univerz\u00e1lny OS, ktor\u00fd obsahuje v\u0161etky funk\u010dn\u00e9 mo\u017enosti. Ak posuniete okno ni\u017e\u0161ie, m\u00f4\u017eete vidie\u0165 inform\u00e1cie o licencii. <\/p>\n

\"\u0160kolenie
\n
\nTu sa uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee bal\u00edk ipbase funguje nepretr\u017eite a je dostupn\u00fd pri ka\u017edom spusten\u00ed zariadenia, pri\u010dom bal\u00edky security a data nie s\u00fa k dispoz\u00edcii, preto\u017ee syst\u00e9m v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti nem\u00e1 pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 licencie. <\/p>\n

Na zobrazenie podrobn\u00fdch licen\u010dn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eete pou\u017ei\u0165 pr\u00edkaz show license all. Okrem toho m\u00f4\u017eete zobrazi\u0165 podrobnosti o akt\u00edvnej licencii pomocou pr\u00edkazu show license detail. Funkcie licencie je mo\u017en\u00e9 zobrazi\u0165 pomocou pr\u00edkazu show license features. Toto s\u00fa z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o licen\u010dnom syst\u00e9me Cisco. Nav\u0161t\u00edvite webov\u00fa str\u00e1nku spolo\u010dnosti, zak\u00fapite po\u017eadovan\u00fa licenciu a vlo\u017e\u00edte licen\u010dn\u00fd s\u00fabor do syst\u00e9mu. To je mo\u017en\u00e9 urobi\u0165 v re\u017eime glob\u00e1lnej konfigur\u00e1cie nastaven\u00ed pomocou pr\u00edkazu license install. <\/p>\n

\r\n \"Prehrajte\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\n\u010eakujeme, \u017ee s nami zost\u00e1vate. P\u00e1\u010dia sa v\u00e1m na\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nky? Chcete vidie\u0165 viac zauj\u00edmav\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov? Podporte n\u00e1s objednan\u00edm alebo odpor\u00fa\u010dan\u00edm priate\u013eom, 30% z\u013eava pre pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov Chabra na unik\u00e1tny ekvivalent entry-level serverov, ktor\u00fd sme pre v\u00e1s vytvorili:<\/b> V\u0161etky pravdy o VPS (KVM) E5-2650 v4 (6 jadier) 10GB DDR4 240GB SSD 1Gbps od 20 dol\u00e1rov alebo ako spr\u00e1vne rozdeli\u0165 server?<\/a><\/noindex> (k dispoz\u00edcii varianty s RAID1 a RAID10, a\u017e 24 jadier a a\u017e 40GB DDR4).<\/p>\n

Dell R730xd za polovicu?<\/b> Len u n\u00e1s 2 x Intel TetraDeca-Core Xeon 2x E5-2697v3 2.6GHz 14C 64GB DDR4 4x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100 TB od 199 dol\u00e1rov<\/a><\/noindex> v Holandsku! Dell R420 \u2014 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB \u2014 od 99 dol\u00e1rov!<\/b><\/b> Pre\u010d\u00edtajte si o tom Ako vybudova\u0165 infra\u0161trukt\u00faru korpor\u00e1tneho typu s pou\u017eit\u00edm serverov Dell R730xd E5-2650 v4 s cenou 9000 eur za zlomok ceny?<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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