{"id":37921,"date":"2019-10-31T22:20:34","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:20:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-ujti-iz-nauki-v-it-i-stat-testirovshhikom-istoriya-odnoj-karery\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:20:34","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:20:34","slug":"kak-ujti-iz-nauki-v-it-i-stat-testirovshhikom-istoriya-odnoj-karery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/kak-ujti-iz-nauki-v-it-i-stat-testirovshhikom-istoriya-odnoj-karery","title":{"rendered":"Ako prejs\u0165 z vedy do IT a sta\u0165 sa testerom: pr\u00edbeh jednej kari\u00e9ry","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Ako
\n
\nDnes gratulujeme k sviatku \u013eu\u010fom, ktor\u00ed sa denne staraj\u00fa o to, aby bol svet o nie\u010do viac usporiadan\u00fd \u2014 testerom. V tento de\u0148 GeekUniversity od Mail.ru Group otv\u00e1ra fakultu<\/a><\/noindex> pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed sa chc\u00fa prida\u0165 k bojovn\u00edkom proti entropii vesm\u00edru. Program kurzu je koncipovan\u00fd tak, aby sa profesia \"Tester softv\u00e9ru\" mohla nau\u010di\u0165 od z\u00e1kladu, aj ke\u010f predt\u00fdm pracoval \u00faplne v inej oblasti. <\/p>\n

Taktie\u017e zverej\u0148ujeme pr\u00edbeh \u0161tudentky GeekBrains M\u00e1rie Lupandinej (@mahatimas<\/a><\/noindex>). M\u00e1ria je kandid\u00e1tkou technick\u00fdch vied v odbore \"Akustika\". V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti pracuje ako tester softv\u00e9ru vo ve\u013ekej in\u017einierskej spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e1 vyv\u00edja softv\u00e9r pre zdravotn\u00edcke zariadenia.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nVo svojom \u010dl\u00e1nku chcem uk\u00e1za\u0165 mo\u017enos\u0165 pomerne drastickej zmeny kari\u00e9ry. Predt\u00fdm, ako som sa stala testerom, som sa s informa\u010dn\u00fdmi technol\u00f3giami pr\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto nestret\u00e1vala, s v\u00fdnimkou ot\u00e1zok potrebn\u00fdch pre predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facu pr\u00e1cu. Av\u0161ak pod tlakom nieko\u013ek\u00fdch faktorov, o ktor\u00fdch sa podrobne zmie\u0148ujem ni\u017e\u0161ie, som sa rozhodla prejs\u0165 z vedeckej sf\u00e9ry do \u010distej IT. V\u0161etko sa podarilo a teraz sa m\u00f4\u017eem podeli\u0165 o svoje sk\u00fasenosti.<\/p>\n

Ako to v\u0161etko za\u010dalo: technol\u00f3gie plus veda<\/h2>\n

\nPo ukon\u010den\u00ed univerzity s titulom \"biomedic\u00ednska in\u017einieria\" som sa zamestnala v priemyselnom podniku ako in\u017einier-laborant. To je dos\u0165 zauj\u00edmav\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca, moje povinnosti zah\u0155\u0148ali meranie a kontrolu parametrov v\u00fdrobkov podniku, ako aj surov\u00edn na r\u00f4znych etap\u00e1ch v\u00fdroby.<\/p>\n

Chcela som sa sta\u0165 dobr\u00fdm \u0161pecialistom, a preto som sa postupne pon\u00e1rala do technol\u00f3gi\u00ed v\u00fdroby a osvojuj\u00fac si s\u00favisiace \u0161pecializ\u00e1cie. Napr\u00edklad, ke\u010f vznikla tak\u00e1 potrebnos\u0165, som sa nau\u010dila met\u00f3du vykon\u00e1vania chemick\u00fdch anal\u00fdz na kontrolu kvality vody, pri\u010dom som ako zdroje pou\u017eila \u0161t\u00e1tne normy a odvetvov\u00e9 predpisy. Nesk\u00f4r som t\u00fato met\u00f3du u\u010dila aj in\u00fdch laborantov. <\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 som pripravovala doktorandsk\u00fa pr\u00e1cu, ktor\u00fa som \u00faspe\u0161ne obh\u00e1jila. Ke\u010f som sa u\u017e stala kandid\u00e1tkou, podarilo sa mi z\u00edska\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00fd grant od Rusk\u00e9ho fondu fundament\u00e1lnych v\u00fdskumov (RFFI). V tom istom \u010dase ma pozvali do univerzity na poz\u00edciu pedag\u00f3ga so zmluvou na 0,3 \u00fav\u00e4zku. Vykon\u00e1vala som pr\u00e1cu na grante, vypracovala som u\u010debn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny a metodick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly pre discipl\u00edny na univerzite, publikovala vedeck\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky, predn\u00e1\u0161ala, viedla praktick\u00e9 cvi\u010denia, vypracov\u00e1vala kontroln\u00e9 a testy pre syst\u00e9m elektronick\u00e9ho vzdel\u00e1vania. U\u010dite\u013estvo ma ve\u013emi bavilo, ale bohu\u017eia\u013e, zmluva sa skon\u010dila a moja kari\u00e9ra ako zamestnanca univerzity tie\u017e.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do? Na jednej strane som chcela pokra\u010dova\u0165 vo svojej ceste vo vede, sta\u0165 sa napr\u00edklad docentkou. Probl\u00e9m je, \u017ee zmluva bola do\u010dasn\u00e1 a nepodarilo sa mi usadi\u0165 sa na vysokej \u0161kole - nov\u00fa zmluvu mi, \u017eia\u013e, nenavrhli. <\/p>\n

Vtedy som sa rozhodla od\u00eds\u0165 z podniku, preto\u017ee som us\u00fadila, \u017ee treba nie\u010do meni\u0165, necha\u0165 cel\u00fd \u017eivot str\u00e1vi\u0165 pr\u00e1cou ako laborat\u00f3rny in\u017einier sa mi ve\u013emi nechcelo. R\u00e1stli mi mo\u017enosti v profesijnom smere, ale ch\u00fdbalo mi prostredie na rozvoj. Podnik bol mal\u00fd, tak\u017ee o kari\u00e9rnom postupe sa nedalo hovori\u0165. K absencii kari\u00e9rnych vyhliadok sa prid\u00e1va n\u00edzky plat, nepr\u00edjemn\u00e1 poloha podniku a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 riziko \u00farazu na pracovisku. Z\u00edskali sme cel\u00fa s\u00fastavu probl\u00e9mov, ktor\u00e9 som musela jednoducho prekona\u0165, ako Gordion g\u00fa\u013ea - teda od\u00eds\u0165. <\/p>\n

Po odchode som pre\u0161la na vo\u013en\u00fa nohu. Tak som vypracov\u00e1vala na objedn\u00e1vku projekty v oblasti r\u00e1diotechniky, elektrotechniky a akustiky. Najm\u00e4 som navrhovala paraboloidn\u00e9 mikrovlnn\u00e9 ant\u00e9ny a vypracov\u00e1vala utlmen\u00fa akustick\u00fa komoru na sk\u00famanie parametrov mikrof\u00f3nov. Objedn\u00e1vok bolo ve\u013ea, ale predsa som mala chu\u0165 na nie\u010do in\u00e9. V jednom kr\u00e1snom okamihu som sa rozhodla vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 svoje sily ako program\u00e1torka. <\/p>\n

Nov\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadium a freelance pr\u00e1ca<\/h2>\n

\nRaz som narazila na reklamu kurzov GeekBrains a rozhodla som sa vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165. Najsk\u00f4r som dokon\u010dila kurz \u201eZ\u00e1klady programovania\u201c. Chcela som viac, a preto som si z\u00e1rove\u0148 pre\u0161la aj kurzy \u201eWebov\u00e1 v\u00fdvoj\u201c, pri\u010dom to bolo len za\u010diatok: osvojila som si HTML\/CSS, HTML5\/CSS3, JavaScript, po \u010dom som za\u010dala \u0161tudova\u0165 Javu na kurzoch \u201eProgram\u00e1tor Java<\/a><\/noindex>\u0160kolenie bolo ve\u013ekou v\u00fdzvou pre moje sily \u2014 nie preto, \u017ee by kurz bol n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd, ale preto, \u017ee sa \u010dasto muselo u\u010di\u0165 s die\u0165a\u0165om v n\u00e1ru\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do pr\u00e1ve Java? Viackr\u00e1t som \u010d\u00edtala a po\u010dula, \u017ee je to univerz\u00e1lny jazyk, ktor\u00fd sa d\u00e1 vyu\u017ei\u0165 napr\u00edklad vo webovom v\u00fdvoji. Okrem toho som \u010d\u00edtala, \u017ee ak pozn\u00e1te Javu, m\u00f4\u017eete prejs\u0165 na ak\u00fdko\u013evek in\u00fd jazyk, ak to bude potrebn\u00e9. To sa uk\u00e1zalo ako pravda: p\u00edsala som k\u00f3d v C++ a fungoval, hoci som sa do z\u00e1kladov syntaxe hlboko nezap\u00fa\u0161\u0165ala. Podarilo sa mi to aj s Python, na \u0148om som nap\u00edsala mal\u00fd parser webovej str\u00e1nky.<\/p>\n

\"Ako
\nNiekedy bolo nutn\u00e9 pracova\u0165 takto \u2014 posadi\u0165 die\u0165a do ergonomick\u00e9ho nosi\u010da, da\u0165 mu hra\u010dku a d\u00fafa\u0165, \u017ee to sta\u010d\u00ed na splnenie \u010fal\u0161ej z\u00e1kazky. <\/i><\/p>\n

Akon\u00e1hle som z\u00edskala ur\u010dit\u00fd bal\u00edk vedomost\u00ed a sk\u00fasenost\u00ed v programovan\u00ed, za\u010dala som plni\u0165 z\u00e1kazky na freelance. Nap\u00edsala som aplik\u00e1ciu na sledovanie osobn\u00fdch financi\u00ed a textov\u00fd editor na objedn\u00e1vku. \u010co sa t\u00fdka editora, je jednoduch\u00fd, obsahuje nieko\u013eko z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch funkci\u00ed na form\u00e1tovanie textu, ale t\u00fa svoju \u00falohu zvl\u00e1da. Okrem toho som rie\u0161ila \u00falohy na spracovanie textu a tie\u017e som sa venovala webov\u00e9mu dizajnu. <\/p>\n

Upozor\u0148ujem, \u017ee \u0161t\u00fadium programovania roz\u0161\u00edrilo moje mo\u017enosti a obzory: nielen\u017ee m\u00f4\u017eem p\u00edsa\u0165 programy na objedn\u00e1vku, ale venova\u0165 sa aj projektom pre seba. Napr\u00edklad som nap\u00edsala mal\u00fd, ale u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fd program, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje zisti\u0165, \u010di niekto po\u0161kodzuje va\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nky na Wikip\u00e9dii. Program parsuje str\u00e1nku s \u010dl\u00e1nkom, n\u00e1jde d\u00e1tum poslednej zmeny, a ak sa d\u00e1tum nezhoduje s t\u00fdm, kedy ste naposledy upravovali svoj \u010dl\u00e1nok, dostanete upozornenie. Nap\u00edsala som aj program na automatick\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty n\u00e1kladov na tak\u00fd \u0161pecifick\u00fd tovar, ak\u00fdm s\u00fa pracovn\u00e9 sily. Grafick\u00e9 rozhranie programu je nap\u00edsan\u00e9 pomocou kni\u017enice JavaFX. Samozrejme, \u017ee som pou\u017e\u00edvala u\u010debnicu, ale algoritmus som vyvinula sama, pri\u010dom pri jeho realiz\u00e1cii som pou\u017eila z\u00e1sady OOP a dizajnov\u00fd vzor MVC.<\/p>\n

Freelance je dobr\u00fd, ale kancel\u00e1ria je lep\u0161ia.<\/h2>\n

\nCelkovo ma pr\u00e1ca na vo\u013enej nohe bavila \u2014 d\u00e1 sa zar\u00e1ba\u0165 bez toho, aby ste vy\u0161li z domu. Probl\u00e9mom je v\u0161ak mno\u017estvo objedn\u00e1vok. Ak ich je ve\u013ea, peniaze s\u00fa dobr\u00e9, ale ob\u010das s\u00fa tu naliehav\u00e9 projekty, na ktor\u00fdch som musel by\u0165 dlho do noci v n\u00fadzovom re\u017eime. Ak je m\u00e1lo z\u00e1kazn\u00edkov, c\u00edti\u0165 potrebu pe\u0148az\u00ed. Hlavn\u00e9 nev\u00fdhody freelancu s\u00fa nepravideln\u00fd pracovn\u00fd \u010das a kol\u00edsaj\u00faca \u00farove\u0148 pr\u00edjmu. Toto v\u0161etko sa samozrejme odr\u00e1\u017ealo na kvalite \u017eivota a na celkovom psychickom stave.<\/p>\n

Pri\u0161lo pochopenie, \u017ee ofici\u00e1lne zamestnanie je to, \u010do pom\u00f4\u017ee zbavi\u0165 sa uveden\u00fdch probl\u00e9mov. Za\u010dala som h\u013eada\u0165 vo\u013en\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 miesta na odborn\u00fdch str\u00e1nkach, vypracovala som dobr\u00fd \u017eivotopis (za \u010do \u010fakujem u\u010dite\u013eom \u2014 s nimi som sa \u010dasto radila oh\u013eadom toho, \u010do uvies\u0165 v \u017eivotopise a \u010do len spomen\u00fa\u0165 pri osobnom rokovan\u00ed s potenci\u00e1lnym zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eom). Po\u010das h\u013eadania som vykon\u00e1vala testovacie \u00falohy, niektor\u00e9 boli dos\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00e9. V\u00fdsledky som prid\u00e1vala do portf\u00f3lia, ktor\u00e9 nakoniec bolo celkom rozsiahle.<\/p>\n

Nakoniec sa mi podarilo zamestna\u0165 sa ako tester v spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e1 sa zaober\u00e1 v\u00fdvojom zdravotn\u00edckych informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov na automatiz\u00e1ciu administrat\u00edvy v zdravotn\u00edckych zariadeniach. Pomohlo mi n\u00e1js\u0165 pr\u00e1cu vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9 vzdelanie v oblasti 'biomedic\u00ednskej in\u017einierie' plus znalosti a sk\u00fasenosti s v\u00fdvojom softv\u00e9ru. Pozvali ma na pohovor a nakoniec som dostala pr\u00e1cu.<\/p>\n

Moja hlavn\u00e1 \u00faloha teraz je overovanie aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 nap\u00edsali na\u0161i program\u00e1tori, na odolnos\u0165. Ak softv\u00e9r neprejde testovan\u00edm, treba ho upravi\u0165. Okrem toho kontrolujem spr\u00e1vy od pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov syst\u00e9mu na\u0161ej spolo\u010dnosti. Na rie\u0161en\u00ed r\u00f4znych probl\u00e9mov pracuje cel\u00fd t\u00edm a ja som jeho s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou. Softv\u00e9rov\u00e1 platforma, ktor\u00fa vyvinula na\u0161a spolo\u010dnos\u0165, je implementovan\u00e1 v nemocniciach a poliklinik\u00e1ch, a ak sa objavia probl\u00e9my, pou\u017e\u00edvatelia posielaj\u00fa po\u017eiadavky na ich rie\u0161enie. Tieto po\u017eiadavky rozober\u00e1me. Niekedy si sama vyber\u00e1m \u00falohu, na ktorej budem pracova\u0165, a niekedy sa rad\u00edm oh\u013eadom v\u00fdberu \u00faloh s sk\u00fasenej\u0161\u00edmi kolegami. <\/p>\n

Po pripevnen\u00ed \u00falohy sa za\u010d\u00edna pr\u00e1ca. Aby som vyrie\u0161il probl\u00e9m, zis\u0165ujem p\u00f4vod chyby (je predsa v\u017edy pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee d\u00f4vodom je \u013eudsk\u00fd faktor). Po upresnen\u00ed v\u0161etk\u00fdch podrobnost\u00ed od klienta formujem technick\u00fa \u00falohu pre program\u00e1tora. Akon\u00e1hle je komponent alebo modul pripraven\u00fd, testujem ich a implementujem do syst\u00e9mu klienta.<\/p>\n

\u017dia\u013e, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu testov je nutn\u00e9 vykon\u00e1va\u0165 ru\u010dne, preto\u017ee zavedenie automatiz\u00e1cie je zlo\u017eit\u00fd obchodn\u00fd proces, ktor\u00fd si vy\u017eaduje v\u00e1\u017ene od\u00f4vodnenie a d\u00f4kladn\u00fa pr\u00edpravu. Napriek tomu som sa obozn\u00e1mila s niektor\u00fdmi n\u00e1strojmi automatiz\u00e1cie. Napr\u00edklad s kni\u017enicou Junit na testovanie ur\u010dit\u00e9ho bloku prostredn\u00edctvom API. Je tu aj framework twin od ebayopensource, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u00edsa\u0165 skripty imituj\u00face \u013eudsk\u00e9 akcie, ve\u013emi podobn\u00fd Selenium, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva na webe. Plus som sa nau\u010dila framework Cucumber.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4j pr\u00edjem na novom mieste sa v porovnan\u00ed s freelancingom zdvojn\u00e1sobil \u2013 pravda, do zna\u010dnej miery v\u010faka tomu, \u017ee pracujem na pln\u00fd \u00fav\u00e4zok. Mimochodom, pod\u013ea \u0161tatist\u00edk na hh.ru a in\u00fdch zdrojoch je priemern\u00e1 mzda v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ra v Taganrogu 40-70 tis\u00edc rub\u013eov. Celkovo tieto \u00fadaje zodpovedaj\u00fa realite. <\/p>\n

Pracovn\u00e9 miesto je vybaven\u00e9 v\u0161etk\u00fdm potrebn\u00fdm, kancel\u00e1ria je priestrann\u00e1, s mnoh\u00fdmi oknami a v\u017edy \u010derstv\u00fdm vzduchom. Plus je tu kuchy\u0148a, k\u00e1vovar a samozrejme su\u0161ienky! Kolekt\u00edv je tie\u017e skvel\u00fd, v tomto smere nie s\u00fa v\u00f4bec \u017eiadne negat\u00edvne momenty. Dobr\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca, kolegovia, \u010do viac si m\u00f4\u017ee program\u00e1tor-testova\u010d \u017eela\u0165 pre \u0161\u0165astie?<\/p>\n

Osobitne by som chcel zd\u00f4razni\u0165, \u017ee kancel\u00e1ria spolo\u010dnosti sa nach\u00e1dza v Taganrogu, \u010do je moje rodn\u00e9 mesto. Je tu mno\u017estvo IT spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, tak\u017ee je kde sa rozv\u00edja\u0165. Ak by ste chceli, m\u00f4\u017eete sa pres\u0165ahova\u0165 do Rostova \u2013 tam je viac mo\u017enost\u00ed, ale zatia\u013e n\u00e1\u0165ahovanie nepl\u00e1nujem.<\/p>\n

\u010co \u010falej?<\/h2>\n

\nZatia\u013e ma te\u0161\u00ed to, \u010do m\u00e1m. Ale nepl\u00e1nujem sa zastavi\u0165 - a preto sa st\u00e1le u\u010d\u00edm. M\u00e1m v z\u00e1lohe kurz \u201eJavaScript. \u00darove\u0148 2\u201c, hne\u010f ako sa objav\u00ed viac vo\u013en\u00e9ho \u010dasu, ur\u010dite ho za\u010dnem \u0161tudova\u0165. Pravidelne opakujem u\u017e prebran\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, plus si pozriem predn\u00e1\u0161ky a webin\u00e1re. Okrem toho sa z\u00fa\u010dast\u0148ujem mentorovacieho programu na GeekBrains. Tak, pre \u0161tudentov, ktor\u00ed \u00faspe\u0161ne ukon\u010dili kurzy a odovzd\u00e1vali dom\u00e1ce \u00falohy, je k dispoz\u00edcii mo\u017enos\u0165 by\u0165 mentorom pre in\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov. Mentor odpoved\u00e1 na ot\u00e1zky, pom\u00e1ha s dom\u00e1cimi \u00falohami. Pre m\u0148a je to tie\u017e opakovanie a upevnenie prebrat\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu. Vo vo\u013enom \u010dase, ke\u010f je to mo\u017en\u00e9, rie\u0161im \u00falohy z tak\u00fdch zdrojov, ako s\u00fa hackerrank.com<\/a><\/noindex>, codeabbey.com<\/a><\/noindex>, sql-ex.ru<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Osvojil som si aj kurz v\u00fdvoja pre Android, ktor\u00fd ved\u00fa u\u010ditelia z ITMO. Tieto kurzy s\u00fa bezplatn\u00e9, ak si to \u017eel\u00e1te, m\u00f4\u017eete si urobi\u0165 platen\u00fa sk\u00fa\u0161ku. Poznamen\u00e1vam, \u017ee t\u00edm ITMO si udr\u017euje svetov\u00e9 prvenstvo v s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eiach v programovan\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nieko\u013eko r\u00e1d pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed sa zauj\u00edmaj\u00fa o programovanie<\/h2>\n

\nU\u017e s ur\u010ditou praxou vo v\u00fdvoji by som chcel odporu\u010di\u0165 t\u00fdm, ktor\u00ed pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa \u00eds\u0165 do IT, aby sa nenechali unies\u0165. Aby ste sa stali dobr\u00fdm \u0161pecialistom, mus\u00edte by\u0165 zap\u00e1len\u00ed pre svoju pr\u00e1cu. A na to je potrebn\u00e9 vybra\u0165 si smer, ktor\u00fd v\u00e1s naozaj bav\u00ed. Na\u0161\u0165astie, v tom nie je ni\u010d zlo\u017eit\u00e9 - teraz je na internete mno\u017estvo recenzi\u00ed a popisov o akejko\u013evek oblasti v\u00fdvoja, programovacom jazyku alebo frameworku.<\/p>\n

A treba by\u0165 pripraven\u00fd na neust\u00e1ly proces u\u010denia. Program\u00e1tor sa nem\u00f4\u017ee zastavi\u0165 - to je smrte\u013en\u00e9, pravda, v na\u0161om pr\u00edpade nie fyzicky, ale profesion\u00e1lne. Ak ste na to pripraven\u00ed - tak vpred, pre\u010do nie?
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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