{"id":38012,"date":"2019-10-31T22:21:11","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:21:11","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:11","slug":"realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh","title":{"rendered":"Realiz\u00e1cia DDIO v \u010dipoch Intel umo\u017e\u0148uje sie\u0165ov\u00fd \u00fatok definovan\u00fd stla\u010den\u00edm kl\u00e1vesov v rel\u00e1cii SSH","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Skupina v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov z Amsterdamskej vo\u013enej univerzity a \u0160vaj\u010diarskej feder\u00e1lnej technickej \u0161koly v Z\u00fcrichu vyvinula techniku sie\u0165ov\u00e9ho \u00fatoku NetCAT<\/a><\/noindex> (Network Cache ATtack), ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje, pomocou met\u00f3d anal\u00fdzy d\u00e1t cez extern\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly, na dia\u013eku ur\u010dova\u0165 kl\u00e1vesy stla\u010den\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom po\u010das pr\u00e1ce v SSH seden\u00ed. Probl\u00e9m sa prejavuje len na serveroch, ktor\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa technol\u00f3gie RDMA<\/a><\/noindex> (Remote direct memory access) a DDIO<\/a><\/noindex> (Data-Direct I\/O).<\/p>\n

Spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Intel pova\u017euje<\/a><\/noindex>, \u010do s\u0165a\u017euje realiz\u00e1ciu \u00fatoku v praxi, preto\u017ee si vy\u017eaduje pr\u00edstup \u00fato\u010dn\u00edka k lok\u00e1lnej sieti, steriln\u00e9 podmienky a usporiadanie spojenia hostite\u013eov pomocou technol\u00f3gi\u00ed RDMA a DDIO, ktor\u00e9 sa zvy\u010dajne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa v izolovan\u00fdch sie\u0165ach, napr\u00edklad v t\u00fdch, kde pracuj\u00fa v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00e9 klastre. Probl\u00e9m bol priraden\u00fd nev\u00fdznamnej \u00farovni nebezpe\u010denstva (CVSS 2.6, CVE-2019-11184<\/a><\/noindex>) a bola poskytnut\u00e1 odpor\u00fa\u010danie nezahrn\u00fa\u0165 DDIO a RDMA v lok\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach, kde nie je zabezpe\u010den\u00fd bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fd perimetr a je povolen\u00e9 pripojenie ned\u00f4veryhodn\u00fdch klientov. DDIO sa pou\u017e\u00edva v serverov\u00fdch procesoroch Intel od roku 2012 (Intel Xeon E5, E7 a SP). Syst\u00e9my zalo\u017een\u00e9 na procesoroch AMD a in\u00fdch v\u00fdrobcov nie s\u00fa vystaven\u00e9 tomuto probl\u00e9mu, preto\u017ee nepodporuj\u00fa uchov\u00e1vanie pren\u00e1\u0161an\u00fdch sie\u0165ov\u00fdch d\u00e1t v CPU cache.<\/p>\n

Pou\u017eit\u00e1 met\u00f3da \u00fatoku pripom\u00edna zranite\u013enos\u0165 «Throwhammer<\/a><\/noindex>«, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje upravova\u0165 obsah jednotliv\u00fdch bitov v RAM manipul\u00e1ciou so sie\u0165ov\u00fdmi paketmi v syst\u00e9moch s RDMA. Nov\u00fd probl\u00e9m je d\u00f4sledkom snahy o minimaliz\u00e1ciu latencie pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed mechanizmu DDIO, ktor\u00fd zabezpe\u010duje priamu interakciu sie\u0165ovej karty a in\u00fdch perif\u00e9rnych zariaden\u00ed s cache procesora (po\u010das spracovania paketov sie\u0165ovej karty s\u00fa d\u00e1ta ulo\u017een\u00e9 do cache a \u010d\u00edtan\u00e9 z cache bez pr\u00edstupu do pam\u00e4te).<\/p>\n

V\u010faka DDIO sa do procesorovej cache dost\u00e1vaj\u00fa aj d\u00e1ta generovan\u00e9 po\u010das \u0161kodlivej sie\u0165ovej aktivity. \u00datok NetCAT vych\u00e1dza z toho, \u017ee sie\u0165ov\u00e9 karty akt\u00edvne cachuj\u00fa d\u00e1ta a r\u00fdchlos\u0165 spracovania paketov v modern\u00fdch lok\u00e1lnych sie\u0165ach je dostato\u010dn\u00e1 na to, aby ovplyvnila naplnenie cache a ur\u010dila pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 alebo nepr\u00edtomnos\u0165 d\u00e1t v cache anal\u00fdzou oneskoren\u00ed pri prenose d\u00e1t. <\/p>\n

Pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed interakt\u00edvnych rel\u00e1ci\u00ed, napr\u00edklad cez SSH, je sie\u0165ov\u00fd paket odoslan\u00fd priamo po stla\u010den\u00ed kl\u00e1vesy, t.j. zdr\u017eania medzi paketmi koreluj\u00fa so zdr\u017ean\u00edm medzi stla\u010deniami kl\u00e1ves. Pou\u017eit\u00edm met\u00f3d \u0161tatistickej anal\u00fdzy a ber\u00fac do \u00favahy, \u017ee zdr\u017eania medzi stla\u010deniami kl\u00e1ves oby\u010dajne z\u00e1visia od polohy kl\u00e1vesu na kl\u00e1vesnici, m\u00f4\u017eeme s ur\u010ditou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou rekon\u0161truova\u0165 zadan\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie. Napr\u00edklad v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina \u013eud\u00ed zvy\u010dajne p\u00ed\u0161e «s» po «a» omnoho r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie, ako «g» po «s».<\/p>\n

Inform\u00e1cie usaden\u00e9 v procesorovej cache rovnako umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa ur\u010di\u0165 presn\u00fd \u010das paketov odoslan\u00fdch sie\u0165ovou kartou pri spracovan\u00ed tak\u00fdchto spojen\u00ed ako SSH. Generovan\u00edm \u0161pecifick\u00e9ho pr\u00fadu prev\u00e1dzky m\u00f4\u017ee \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk ur\u010di\u0165 \u010das, kedy sa v cache objavia nov\u00e9 d\u00e1ta, s\u00favisiace s konkr\u00e9tnou aktivitou v syst\u00e9me. Na anal\u00fdzu obsahu cache sa pou\u017e\u00edva met\u00f3da Prime+Probe<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00e1 spo\u010d\u00edva v naplnen\u00ed cache referen\u010dn\u00fdm s\u00faborom hodn\u00f4t a meran\u00ed \u010dasu pr\u00edstupu k nim pri op\u00e4tovnom naplnen\u00ed na ur\u010denie zmien. <\/p>\n

\"Realiz\u00e1cia<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Nie je vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00e9 pou\u017eitie navrhnutej techniky na ur\u010denie nielen stla\u010den\u00ed kl\u00e1ves, ale aj in\u00fdch typov citliv\u00fdch \u00fadajov, usaden\u00fdch v CPU cache. Potenci\u00e1lne \u00fatok m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vykonan\u00fd aj pri vypnut\u00ed RDMA, ale bez RDMA jeho efekt\u00edvnos\u0165 kles\u00e1 a vykonanie sa zna\u010dne komplikuje. Takisto je mo\u017en\u00e9 vyu\u017ei\u0165 DDIO na organiz\u00e1ciu skryt\u00e9ho komunika\u010dn\u00e9ho kan\u00e1la, ktor\u00fd sa pou\u017e\u00edva na prenos \u00fadajov po kompromit\u00e1cii servera obch\u00e1dzaj\u00fac syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 zabezpe\u010denie.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Prehrajte\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center><\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0410\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0426\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 NetCAT (Network Cache ATtack), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0448\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0435 SSH. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 RDMA (Remote direct memory access) \u0438 DDIO […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":28530,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Implement\u00e1cia DDIO v \u010dipoch Intel umo\u017e\u0148uje sie\u0165ov\u00fd \u00fatok na ur\u010denie stla\u010den\u00ed kl\u00e1ves v rel\u00e1cii SSH | ProHoster","description":"Skupina v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov z Amsterdamskej vo\u013enej univerzity a \u0160vaj\u010diarskej feder\u00e1lnej technickej \u0161koly v Z\u00fcrichu vyvinula techniku sie\u0165ov\u00e9ho \u00fatoku","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/realizatsiya-ddio-v-chipah-intel-dopuskaet-setevuyu-ataku-po-opredeleniyu-nazhatij-klavish-v-seanse-ssh","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sk_SK","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f DDIO \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0445 Intel \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443 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