{"id":38045,"date":"2019-10-31T22:21:21","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sravnenie-proizvoditelnosti-setevogo-drajvera-v-variantah-na-10-yazykah-programmirovaniya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:21:21","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:21","slug":"sravnenie-proizvoditelnosti-setevogo-drajvera-v-variantah-na-10-yazykah-programmirovaniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/sravnenie-proizvoditelnosti-setevogo-drajvera-v-variantah-na-10-yazykah-programmirovaniya","title":{"rendered":"Porovnanie v\u00fdkonu sie\u0165ov\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1da\u010da v prevedeniach na 10 programovac\u00edch jazykoch","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Skupina vedcov z nemeck\u00fdch univerz\u00edt publikovala<\/a><\/noindex> v\u00fdsledky experimentu<\/a><\/noindex>, v r\u00e1mci ktor\u00e9ho bolo na r\u00f4znych programovac\u00edch jazykoch vyvinut\u00fdch 10 variantov typick\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1da\u010da pre 10-gigabitov\u00e9 sie\u0165ov\u00e9 karty Intel Ixgbe (X5xx). Ovl\u00e1da\u010d funguje v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom priestore a je implementovan\u00fd v jazykoch C, Rust, Go, C#, Java, OCaml, Haskell, Swift, JavaScript a Python. Pri p\u00edsan\u00ed k\u00f3du sa hlavn\u00e1 pozornos\u0165 venovala dosiahnutiu maxim\u00e1lnej mo\u017enej v\u00fdkonnosti s oh\u013eadom na charakteristiky ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jazyka. Z h\u013eadiska funk\u010dnosti s\u00fa v\u0161etky varianty identick\u00e9 a pozost\u00e1vaj\u00fa pribli\u017ene z 1000 riadkov k\u00f3du. V\u00fdsledky projektu s\u00fa distribuovan\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> pod licenciou BSD.<\/p>\n

Varianta ovl\u00e1da\u010da v jazyku Rust bola ve\u013emi bl\u00edzko v\u00fdkonnosti referen\u010dn\u00e9ho ovl\u00e1da\u010da v jazyku C. Pri z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ei s s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fdm odoslan\u00edm blokov po 32 paketoch Rust-ovl\u00e1da\u010d mal mierny odstup, ale v testoch s viac ne\u017e 32 paketmi v bloku sa r\u00fdchlostne takmer neli\u0161il od ovl\u00e1da\u010da v jazyku C a dosahoval v\u00fdkon na \u00farovni spracovania 28 mili\u00f3nov paketov za sekundu na serveri s CPU Xeon E3-1230 v2 3.3 GHz.<\/p>\n

\"Porovnanie<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

Nasleduj\u00facu prie\u010dku pod\u013ea v\u00fdkonnosti obsadili ovl\u00e1da\u010de v jazykoch Go a C#, ktor\u00e9 dosiahli dos\u0165 bl\u00edzke v\u00fdsledky (ovl\u00e1da\u010d na Go vyhr\u00e1val v testoch s blokmi obsahuj\u00facimi do 16 paketov a za\u010dal mierne prehr\u00e1va\u0165 v testoch s viac ne\u017e 16 paketmi v bloku). Pri 256 paketoch v bloku dosiahla vrcholn\u00e1 v\u00fdkonnos\u0165 ovl\u00e1da\u010da v jazyku C# pribli\u017ene 28 mili\u00f3nov paketov za sekundu, zatia\u013e \u010do ovl\u00e1da\u010d na Go pribli\u017ene 25 mili\u00f3nov paketov za sekundu. <\/p>\n

Potom s dos\u0165 bl\u00edzkymi v\u00fdsledkami nasledovali ovl\u00e1da\u010de na
\nJava, OCaml a Haskell, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e vidite\u013ene zaost\u00e1vali za sk\u00f4r presk\u00faman\u00fdmi variantmi a nedok\u00e1zali prekro\u010di\u0165 hranicu 12 mili\u00f3nov paketov za sekundu. E\u0161te v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie zaost\u00e1vanie preuk\u00e1zali ovl\u00e1da\u010de na Swift a JavaScript, ktor\u00e9 dok\u00e1zali spracova\u0165 toky na \u00farovni 5 mili\u00f3nov paketov za sekundu. <\/p>\n

Na konci rebr\u00ed\u010dka skon\u010dil ovl\u00e1da\u010d v jazyku Python, ktor\u00fd dok\u00e1zal spracova\u0165 iba 0.14 mili\u00f3na paketov za sekundu. Implement\u00e1cia v Pythone bola pou\u017eit\u00e1 na vyhodnotenie r\u00fdchlosti pr\u00e1ce interpret\u00e1torov bez JIT a bez \u0161pecifick\u00fdch optimaliz\u00e1ci\u00ed (k\u00f3d bol vykon\u00e1van\u00fd s pou\u017eit\u00edm CPython 3.7 a nebol kompatibiln\u00fd s PyPy, ale uv\u00e1dza sa, \u017ee optimaliz\u00e1cia \u0161trukt\u00far uchov\u00e1vania d\u00e1t by mohla zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdkonnos\u0165 pribli\u017ene 10-n\u00e1sobne).<\/p>\n

Okrem toho boli vykonan\u00e9 testy oneskorenia, ktor\u00e9 uk\u00e1zali \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 vyrovn\u00e1vacej pam\u00e4te a vplyv zbern\u00e9ho mechanizmu. Po\u010das testovania sa meral \u010das oneskorenia po preposlan\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho paketu ovl\u00e1da\u010dom v porovnan\u00ed s presne zn\u00e1my \u010dasom odoslania. L\u00eddrami zostali ovl\u00e1da\u010de v C a Rust, ktor\u00fdch v\u00fdsledky boli takmer nerozoznate\u013en\u00e9 pri pr\u00fade 1 mili\u00f3n paketov za sekundu (pribli\u017ene 20 \u03bcs). Ovl\u00e1da\u010d v Go si tie\u017e po\u010d\u00ednal dobre, mierne zaost\u00e1val za l\u00eddrami a tie\u017e sa udr\u017eiaval na \u00farovni 20 \u03bcs. Ovl\u00e1da\u010d v C# vyk\u00e1zal oneskorenia pribli\u017ene 50 \u03bcs.
\nNajv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie oneskorenia vyk\u00e1zali ovl\u00e1da\u010de v JavaScripte a Jave (oneskorenia nad 300 \u03bcs).<\/p>\n

\"Porovnanie<\/a><\/noindex><\/center><\/p>\n

V\u00fdskum bol vykonan\u00fd s cie\u013eom zhodnoti\u0165 mo\u017enosti v\u00fdvoja ovl\u00e1da\u010dov a komponentov opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu v jazykov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa na vy\u0161\u0161ej \u00farovni ako C. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa 39 z 40 probl\u00e9mov pri pr\u00e1ci s pam\u00e4\u0165ou v Linuxe t\u00fdka ovl\u00e1da\u010dov, preto ot\u00e1zky pou\u017eitia bezpe\u010dnej\u0161ieho jazyka a presunu ovl\u00e1da\u010dov z jadra do pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho priestoru ost\u00e1vaj\u00fa aktu\u00e1lne.<\/a><\/noindex> A v\u00fdrobcovia u\u017e akt\u00edvne experimentuj\u00fa v tomto smere (napr\u00edklad Google vyvinul TCP z\u00e1sobn\u00edk pre OS Fuchsia<\/a><\/noindex> na jazyku Go, spolo\u010dnos\u0165 CloudFlare vytvorila<\/a><\/noindex> implement\u00e1ciu protokolu QUIC na jazyku Rust, spolo\u010dnos\u0165 Apple presunula TCP z\u00e1sobn\u00edk na mobiln\u00fdch zariadeniach do pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho priestoru).<\/p>\n

V priebehu vykonanej pr\u00e1ce sa dospel k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee jazyk Rust je najlep\u0161\u00edm kandid\u00e1tom na v\u00fdvoj ovl\u00e1da\u010dov. Mo\u017enosti poskytovan\u00e9 jazykom Rust umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa zbavi\u0165 sa probl\u00e9mov vypl\u00fdvaj\u00facich z n\u00edzko\u00farov\u0148ovej pr\u00e1ce s pam\u00e4\u0165ou, pri\u010dom cena je zn\u00ed\u017eenie v\u00fdkonu pribli\u017ene o 2%-10% v porovnan\u00ed s ovl\u00e1da\u010dmi na jazyku C. Jazyky Go a C# s\u00fa tie\u017e pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za vhodn\u00e9 na vytv\u00e1ranie syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch komponentov v situ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, ke\u010f s\u00fa prijate\u013en\u00e9 latencie na \u00farovni zlomkov milisek\u00fand sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00edm odpadov\u00e9ho zbera\u010da.<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Zdroj: opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u0434\u043b\u044f 10-\u0433\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442 Intel Ixgbe (X5xx). \u0414\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0445 C, Rust, Go, C#, Java, OCaml, Haskell, Swift, JavaScript \u0438 Python. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e 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