{"id":38151,"date":"2019-10-31T22:21:56","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-3\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:21:56","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:21:56","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-3","title":{"rendered":"Vydanie jadra Linux 5.3","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Po dvoch mesiacoch v\u00fdvoja Linus Torvalds <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2019\/9\/15\/241\">predstavil<\/a><\/noindex> uvo\u013enenie jadra <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/\">Linux 5.3<\/a><\/noindex>. Medzi najv\u00fdraznej\u0161ie zmeny patr\u00ed podpora GPU AMD Navi, procesorov Zhaoxi a technol\u00f3gie spr\u00e1vy spotreby Intel Speed Select, mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017eitia in\u0161trukci\u00ed umwait na \u010dakanie bez pou\u017eitia slu\u010diek,<br \/>\ninterakt\u00edvny re\u017eim 'utilization clamping' pre asymetrick\u00e9 CPU, syst\u00e9mov\u00fd syst\u00e9mov\u00fd volanie pidfd_open, mo\u017enos\u0165 vyu\u017e\u00edvania adries IPv4 z podsiete 0.0.0.0\/8, mo\u017enos\u0165 hardv\u00e9rovej akceler\u00e1cie nftables, podpora HDR v subsyst\u00e9me DRM, integr\u00e1cia hyperv\u00edzora ACRN.<\/p>\n<p>V <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2019\/9\/15\/2\">ozn\u00e1men\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> nov\u00e9ho vydania Linus pripomenul v\u0161etk\u00fdm v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rom hlavn\u00e9 pravidlo v\u00fdvoja jadra \u2014 zachovanie nemennosti spr\u00e1vania pre komponenty pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho priestoru. Zmeny v jadre nesm\u00fa nijak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom naru\u0161i\u0165 u\u017e funguj\u00face aplik\u00e1cie a vies\u0165 k regresi\u00e1m na \u00farovni pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea. Pri tom poru\u0161enie spr\u00e1vania m\u00f4\u017ee vyvola\u0165 nielen zmenu ABI, odstr\u00e1nenie zastaran\u00e9ho k\u00f3du alebo vznik ch\u00fdb, ale aj nepriamy dopad na spr\u00e1vne funguj\u00face u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 vylep\u0161enia. Ako n\u00e1zorn\u00fd pr\u00edklad bola <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=72dbcf72156641fde4d8ea401e977341bfd35a05\">zamietnut\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=b03755ad6f33b7b8cd7312a3596a2dbf496de6e7\">optimaliz\u00e1cia<\/a><\/noindex> v k\u00f3de Ext4, zni\u017euj\u00faca po\u010det pr\u00edstupov k \u00falo\u017eisku deaktivovan\u00edm predbe\u017en\u00e9ho \u010d\u00edtania tabu\u013eky inode pri mal\u00fdch vstupno\/v\u00fdstupn\u00fdch po\u017eiadavk\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n<p>Optimaliz\u00e1cia viedla k tomu, \u017ee z d\u00f4vodu zn\u00ed\u017eenej diskovej aktivity sa entropia pre gener\u00e1tor n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel getrandom() za\u010dala hromadi\u0165 pomal\u0161ie a v niektor\u00fdch konfigur\u00e1ci\u00e1ch pri ur\u010dit\u00fdch okolnostiach mohli by\u0165 pozorovan\u00e9 zaseknutia po\u010das na\u010d\u00edtania do naplnenia z\u00e1sobn\u00edka entropie. Ke\u010f\u017ee optimaliz\u00e1cia je naozaj u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e1, medzi v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rmi vypukla diskusia, kde sa navrhlo vyrie\u0161i\u0165 probl\u00e9m deaktivovan\u00edm blokovacieho re\u017eimu volania getrandom() ako predvolen\u00e9ho s pridan\u00edm volite\u013enej vlajky na \u010dakanie na entropiu, ale tak\u00e1to zmena ovplyvn\u00ed kvalitu n\u00e1hodn\u00fdch \u010d\u00edsel v po\u010diato\u010dnej f\u00e1ze na\u010d\u00edtania.<\/p>\n<p>Do novej verzie bolo prijat\u00fdch 15794 opr\u00e1v od 1974 v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov,<br \/>\nve\u013ekos\u0165 patchu \u2014 92 MB (zmeny zasiahli 13986 s\u00faborov, pribudlo 258419 riadkov k\u00f3du,<br \/>\nbolo odstr\u00e1nen\u00fdch 599137 riadkov). Pribli\u017ene 39% v\u0161etk\u00fdch predlo\u017een\u00fdch zmien na 5.3<br \/>\nsa t\u00fdka ovl\u00e1da\u010dov zariaden\u00ed, pribli\u017ene 12% zmien m\u00e1<br \/>\nvz\u0165ah k aktualiz\u00e1cii k\u00f3du \u0161pecifick\u00e9ho pre hardv\u00e9rov\u00e9 architekt\u00fary, 11%<br \/>\nt\u00fdka sa sie\u0165ov\u00e9ho stacku, 3% \u2014 s\u00faborov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov a 3% s intern\u00fdmi<br \/>\npod syst\u00e9mami jadra.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernelnewbies.org\/Linux_5.3\">Hlavn\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/793629\/\">novinky<\/a><\/noindex>:\n<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pam\u00e4\u0165 a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 slu\u017eby<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pokra\u010dovalo sa vo v\u00fdvoji funk\u010dnosti 'pidfd', ktor\u00e1 pom\u00e1ha spracov\u00e1va\u0165 situ\u00e1cie s\u00favisiace s op\u00e4tovn\u00fdm vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00edm PID (pidfd sa via\u017ee na konkr\u00e9tny proces a nemen\u00ed sa, zatia\u013e \u010do PID m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pridelen\u00fd in\u00e9mu procesu po ukon\u010den\u00ed aktu\u00e1lneho procesu, asociovan\u00e9ho s t\u00fdmto PID). Predt\u00fdm do jadra u\u017e bol pridan\u00fd<br \/>\nsyst\u00e9mov\u00fd hovor pidfd_send_signal() a praporec CLONE_PIDFD v syst\u00e9me volania clone(), \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edska\u0165 pidfd na pou\u017eitie v idfd_send_signal(). Pri pou\u017eit\u00ed volania clone() s praporecom CLONE_PIDFD mohli vznikn\u00fa\u0165 probl\u00e9my so spr\u00e1vou slu\u017eieb alebo syst\u00e9mom n\u00faten\u00e9ho ukon\u010denia procesov pri nedostatku pam\u00e4te na platforme Android. V tomto pr\u00edpade sa na spustenie pou\u017e\u00edva volanie fork() alebo clone() bez CLONE_PIDFD. <\/p>\n<p>V jadre 5.3 bol predstaven\u00fd syst\u00e9mov\u00fd hovor <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/789023\/\">pidfd_open()<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edska\u0165 overen\u00fd pidfd pre ak\u00fdko\u013evek existuj\u00faci proces, ktor\u00fd nebol vytvoren\u00fd prostredn\u00edctvom volania clone() s praporecom CLONE_PIDFD. Bola tie\u017e pridan\u00e1 podpora polingovania pidfd pomocou poll() a epoll(), \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje v spr\u00e1vcovsk\u00fdch procesoch sledova\u0165 ukon\u010denia \u013eubovo\u013en\u00fdch procesov bez ob\u00e1v z pretekania v pr\u00edpade priradenia PID nov\u00e9mu procesu. Mechanizmus notifik\u00e1cie o ukon\u010den\u00ed pr\u00e1ce procesu s\u00favisiaceho s pidfd je podobn\u00fd oznamovaniu o ukon\u010den\u00ed svojho podraden\u00e9ho procesu;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\">Do pl\u00e1nova\u010da \u00faloh bola pridan\u00e1 podpora mechanizmu obmedzovania za\u0165a\u017eenia (<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/762043\/\">Utilization clamping<\/a><\/noindex>), umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00faci dodr\u017eiava\u0165 minim\u00e1lne alebo maxim\u00e1lne rozsahy frekvenci\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti od akt\u00edvnych \u00faloh na CPU. Predstaven\u00fd mechanizmus ur\u00fdch\u013euje \u00falohy, ktor\u00e9 priamo ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa kvalitu interakcie s pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom, prostredn\u00edctvom sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165ania t\u00fdchto \u00faloh minim\u00e1lne na dolnej hranici \u201epo\u017eadovanej\u201c frekvencie. N\u00edzko prior\u00edtne \u00falohy, ktor\u00e9 nemaj\u00fa vplyv na pr\u00e1cu pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea, sa sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa s vyu\u017eit\u00edm hornej hranice \u201epovolen\u00e9\u201c frekvencie. Limity s\u00fa nastaven\u00e9 prostredn\u00edctvom atrib\u00fatov sched_uclamp_util_min a sched_uclamp_util_max v syst\u00e9movom volan\u00ed sched_setattr().\n<li class=\"l\"> Pridan\u00e1 podpora technol\u00f3gie riadenia spotreby energie <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.intel.com\/content\/www\/us\/en\/architecture-and-technology\/speed-select-technology-article.html\">Intel Speed Select<\/a><\/noindex>, dostupn\u00e1 na niektor\u00fdch serveroch s procesormi Intel Xeon. Uveden\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia umo\u017e\u0148uje nastavi\u0165 v\u00fdkon a priepustnos\u0165 oddielov pre r\u00f4zne jadr\u00e1 CPU, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje prioritizova\u0165 v\u00fdkon pre \u00falohy vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 na ur\u010dit\u00fdch jadr\u00e1ch, na \u00fakor v\u00fdkonu na in\u00fdch jadr\u00e1ch;\n<li class=\"l\"> Procesom v priestore pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013ea <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/790920\/\">bola poskytnut\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> mo\u017enos\u0165 \u010daka\u0165 po\u010das kr\u00e1tkeho \u010dasu bez pou\u017eitia cyklov pomocou in\u0161trukcie umwait. T\u00e1to in\u0161trukcia, spolu s in\u0161trukciami umonitor a tpause, bude pon\u00faknut\u00e1 v pripravovan\u00fdch \u010dipoch Intel 'Tremont' a umo\u017en\u00ed realizova\u0165 oneskorenia, efekt\u00edvne z h\u013eadiska spotreby energie a neovplyv\u0148uj\u00face v\u00fdkon in\u00fdch vl\u00e1ken pri pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed Hyper Threadingu;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre architekt\u00faru RISC-V bola pridan\u00e1 podpora ve\u013ek\u00fdch str\u00e1nok pam\u00e4te (huge pages);\n<li class=\"l\"> Do mechanizmu sledovania 'kprobes' bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 dereferencovania ukazovate\u013eov jadra v u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eskom prostred\u00ed, \u010do sa m\u00f4\u017ee vyu\u017ei\u0165 napr\u00edklad na hodnotenie obsahu \u0161trukt\u00far, ktor\u00e9 sa pren\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa do syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch volan\u00ed. Taktie\u017e bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 nastavenia kontrol na etape \u0161tartu.\n<li class=\"l\"> Do konfigura\u010dn\u00e9ho s\u00faboru bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 PREEMPT_RT pre pr\u00e1cu v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase. Samotn\u00fd k\u00f3d na podporu re\u017eimu re\u00e1lneho \u010dasu zatia\u013e nebol pridan\u00fd do jadra, ale vznik tejto mo\u017enosti je dobr\u00fdm znakom, \u017ee mnohoro\u010dn\u00e1 epopeja okolo <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=43094\">integr\u00e1cie<\/a><\/noindex> patchov Realtime-Preempt sa bl\u00ed\u017ei ku koncu;\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol pridan\u00fd syst\u00e9mov\u00fd volanie clone3() s realiz\u00e1ciou roz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ej verzie rozhrania clone(), umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00facej \u0161pecifik\u00e1ciu v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ieho po\u010dtu pr\u00edznakov;\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol pridan\u00fd spracovate\u013e bpf_send_signal(), ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje BPF-programom posiela\u0165 sign\u00e1ly \u013eubovo\u013en\u00fdm procesom;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre ud\u00e1losti perf v prostred\u00ed hyperv\u00edzora KVM bol pridan\u00fd nov\u00fd mechanizmus filtrovania udalost\u00ed, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje administr\u00e1torovi ur\u010di\u0165 typy udalost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa povolen\u00e9 alebo zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 na monitorovanie na strane hos\u0165ovsk\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu;\n<li class=\"l\"> Do mechanizmu verifik\u00e1cie eBPF-aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 spracov\u00e1va\u0165 programy s cyklami, ak je vykon\u00e1vanie cyklu obmedzen\u00e9 a nem\u00f4\u017ee vies\u0165 k prekro\u010deniu limita na maxim\u00e1lny po\u010det in\u0161trukci\u00ed;\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Diskov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m, I\/O a s\u00faborov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre s\u00faborov\u00fd syst\u00e9m XFS bola implementovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 viacer\u00fdch vl\u00e1kien na obch\u00e1dzanie inode (napr\u00edklad pri kontrole kv\u00f3t). Pridan\u00e9 s\u00fa nov\u00e9 ioctl BULKSTAT a INUMBERS, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa pr\u00edstup k funkci\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 sa objavili v piatej ed\u00edcii form\u00e1tu FS, ako je \u010das vzniku inode a mo\u017enos\u0165 nastavovania parametrov BULKSTAT a INUMBERS pre ka\u017ed\u00fa skupinu AG (Allocation Groups);\n<li class=\"l\"> V Ext4 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=4e19d6b65fb4fc42e352ce9883649e049da14743\">bola pridan\u00e1 podpora<\/a><\/noindex>  pr\u00e1zdnoty v adres\u00e1roch (nepriraden\u00e9 bloky).<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=02b016ca7f99229ae6227e7b2fc950c4e140d74a\">Bola zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 spracovanie<\/a><\/noindex> prapor 'i' (immutable) pre otvoren\u00e9 s\u00fabory (z\u00e1kaz z\u00e1pisu v pr\u00edpade, \u017ee prapor bol nastaven\u00fd v momente, ke\u010f bol s\u00fabor u\u017e otvoren\u00fd);<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> V Btrfs bolo zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 r\u00fdchle ur\u010dovanie crc32c na v\u0161etk\u00fdch architekt\u00farach;\n<li class=\"l\"> V CIFS bol z k\u00f3du na podporu smbdirect odstr\u00e1nen\u00fd znak experiment\u00e1lneho v\u00fdvoja. V SMB3 bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvania kryptografick\u00fdch algoritmov v re\u017eime GCM. Pridan\u00e1 nov\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 montovania na extrakciu parametrov re\u017eimu z ACE (Access Control Entry). V\u00fdkon volania open() bol optimalizovan\u00fd;\n<li class=\"l\"> V F2FS bola pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pre obmedzenie zbera\u010da odpadu pri pr\u00e1ci v re\u017eime checkpoint=disable. Pridan\u00fd ioctl na odstra\u0148ovanie blokov\u00fdch rozsahov z F2FS, \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje implementova\u0165 korekciu ve\u013ekosti oddielu za behu. Pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 umiestnenia v F2FS s\u00faborov\u00e9ho priestoru s priamym vstupom\/v\u00fdstupom. Podpora zamknutia s\u00faborov a pride\u013eovania blokov pre tak\u00e9to s\u00fabory bola pridan\u00e1 pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov;\n<li class=\"l\"> Do rozhrania pre asynchr\u00f3nny vstup\/v\u00fdstup io_uring bola pridan\u00e1 podpora asynchr\u00f3nnych oper\u00e1ci\u00ed sendmsg() a recvmsg();\n<li class=\"l\"> Do s\u00faborov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu UBIFS bola pridan\u00e1 podpora kompresie pomocou algoritmu zstd a mo\u017enos\u0165 verifik\u00e1cie podp\u00edsan\u00fdch obrazov FS;\n<li class=\"l\"> V FS Ceph bola pridan\u00e1 podpora bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch zna\u010diek SELinux pre s\u00fabory;\n<li class=\"l\"> Pre NFSv4 bola implementovan\u00e1 nov\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 montovania 'nconnect=', ktor\u00e1 ur\u010duje po\u010det spojen\u00ed vytvoren\u00fdch so serverom. Prev\u00e1dzka medzi t\u00fdmito spojeniami bude rozdelen\u00e1 pomocou vyrovn\u00e1vania za\u0165a\u017eenia. Okrem toho NFSv4 server teraz vytv\u00e1ra adres\u00e1r \/proc\/fs\/nfsd\/clients s inform\u00e1ciami o aktu\u00e1lnych klientoch, vr\u00e1tane \u00fadajov o otvoren\u00fdch s\u00faboroch;\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualiz\u00e1cia a bezpe\u010dnos\u0165<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do jadra bol zahrnut\u00fd hyperv\u00edzor pre integrovan\u00e9 zariadenia <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51399\">ACRN<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00fd je nap\u00edsan\u00fd s oh\u013eadom na pripravenos\u0165 na vykon\u00e1vanie \u00faloh v re\u00e1lnom \u010dase a vhodnos\u0165 na pou\u017eitie v kriticky d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch. ACRN zabezpe\u010duje minim\u00e1lne re\u017eijn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, garantuje n\u00edzke oneskorenia (low latency) a adekv\u00e1tnu reak\u010dnos\u0165 pri interakcii s hardv\u00e9rom. Podporuje virtualiz\u00e1ciu zdrojov CPU, vstupu\/v\u00fdstupu, sie\u0165ov\u00fdch subsyst\u00e9mov, oper\u00e1ci\u00ed s grafikou a zvukom. ACRN m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 pou\u017eit\u00fd na sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165anie nieko\u013ek\u00fdch izolovan\u00fdch virtu\u00e1lnych strojov v elektronick\u00fdch riadiacich jednotk\u00e1ch, pr\u00edstrojov\u00fdch paneloch, automobilov\u00fdch informa\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch, spotrebite\u013esk\u00fdch IoT zariadeniach a inej vstavan\u00e9 technike;\n<li class=\"l\"> V User-mode Linux <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/065038706f77\">bol pridan\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex> re\u017eim 'cestovania v \u010dase', ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje spomali\u0165 alebo ur\u00fdchli\u0165 \u010das vo virtu\u00e1lnom prostred\u00ed UML na zjednodu\u0161enie ladenia s \u010dasom s\u00favisiacich k\u00f3dov. Navy\u0161e bol pridan\u00fd parameter<br \/>\ntime-travel-start, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje spusti\u0165 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 hodiny z ur\u010den\u00e9ho okamihu v epoch-form\u00e1te;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Boli pridan\u00e9 nov\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pr\u00edkazov\u00e9ho riadku jadra 'init_on_alloc' a 'init_on_free', pri ich uveden\u00ed sa aktivuje nulovanie pridelen\u00fdch a osloboden\u00fdch oblast\u00ed pam\u00e4te (naplnenie nulami pri malloc a free), \u010do posil\u0148uje bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 s oh\u013eadom na dodato\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na inicializ\u00e1ciu;\n<li class=\"l\"> Bol pridan\u00fd nov\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/edcd69ab9a323b7ac7a86e1c44b6c9c46598391f\">virtio-iommu<\/a><\/noindex> , ktor\u00fd implementuje paravirtualizovan\u00e9 zariadenie umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00face posiela\u0165 IOMMU-\u017eiadosti, ako ATTACH, DETACH, MAP a UNMAP, nad transportom virtio bez emul\u00e1cie tabuliek str\u00e1n pam\u00e4te;\n<li class=\"l\">  Bol pridan\u00fd nov\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/6e84200c0a2994b991259d19450eee561029bf70\">virtio-pmem<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00fd predstavuje pr\u00edstup k \u00falo\u017en\u00fdm zariadeniam zrkadlen\u00fdm do fyzick\u00e9ho adresn\u00e9ho priestoru, ako je NVDIMM;\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola implementovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 pripevnenia kryptografick\u00fdch k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov k pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9mu alebo sie\u0165ov\u00e9mu priestoru mien (k\u013e\u00fa\u010de sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa nedostupn\u00fdmi mimo zvolen\u00e9ho priestoru mien) a ochrana k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov pomocou ACL;\n<li class=\"l\"> V kryptosyst\u00e9me <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=67882e76492483bafa9b1b1648bb031e9abe5185\">bola pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> podpora ve\u013emi r\u00fdchleho algoritmu nekryptografick\u00e9ho hashovania <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/Cyan4973\/xxHash\">xxhash<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00e9ho r\u00fdchlos\u0165 sa dost\u00e1va na \u00farove\u0148 v\u00fdkonu pam\u00e4te;\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sie\u0165ov\u00fd subsyst\u00e9m<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola zabezpe\u010den\u00e1 spr\u00e1va adries IPv4 v rozmedz\u00ed 0.0.0.0\/8, ktor\u00e9 predt\u00fdm nebolo mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017ei\u0165. Zavedenie tejto podsiete <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/dtaht\/unicast-extensions\">umo\u017en\u00ed<\/a><\/noindex> distribuova\u0165 \u010fal\u0161\u00edch 16 mili\u00f3nov adries IPv4;\n<li class=\"l\"> V Netfilter pre nftables <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=c9626a2cbdb20e26587b3fad99960520a023432b\">bola pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> podpora mechanizmov hardv\u00e9rovej akceler\u00e1cie filtrovania paketov v\u010faka aplikovaniu pridan\u00e9ho v ovl\u00e1da\u010doch <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=da3eeb904ff432ec22cf7b4db17a47647428873a\">Flow Block API<\/a><\/noindex>. Na stranu sie\u0165ov\u00fdch adapt\u00e9r\u016f mohou b\u00fdt vyv\u00e1\u017eeny cel\u00e9 tabulky pravidel se v\u0161emi \u0159et\u011bzci. Aktivace se prov\u00e1d\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159ipojen\u00ed vlajky NFT_TABLE_F_HW k tabulce. Podporuj\u00ed se jednoduch\u00e9 metadatov\u00e9 protokoly 3. a 4. \u00farovn\u011b, akce p\u0159ijmout\/zam\u00edtnout, shody podle IP a s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00fdch port\u016f odes\u00edlatele\/p\u0159ij\u00edma\u010de a typu protokolu;\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=3c171f496ef57774f8e5d509923372549734877f\">Pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> vestav\u011bn\u00e1 podpora sledov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ipojen\u00ed pro s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 mosty, kter\u00e1 nevy\u017eaduje pou\u017eit\u00ed emuluj\u00edc\u00ed vrstvy br_netfilter;\n<li class=\"l\"> V nf_tables <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/ad49d86e07a497e834cb06f2b151dccd75f8e148\">bola pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> podpora modulu SYNPROXY, kter\u00fd replikov\u00e1n podobnou funkcionalitu z iptables, a tak\u00e9 byla implementov\u00e1na mo\u017enost kontroly v pravidlech podle jednotliv\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed v hlavi\u010dce IPv4;\n<li class=\"l\">  Byla p\u0159id\u00e1na mo\u017enost p\u0159ipojit BPF programy k syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm vol\u00e1n\u00edm setsockopt() a getsockopt(), co\u017e nap\u0159\u00edklad umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159ipojit sv\u00e9 zpracovatele p\u0159\u00edstupu k t\u011bmto vol\u00e1n\u00edm. D\u00e1le byla p\u0159id\u00e1na nov\u00e1 bod vol\u00e1n\u00ed (hook), pomoc\u00ed kter\u00e9 lze uspo\u0159\u00e1dat vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed BPF programu jednou za ka\u017edou RTT (round-trip-time, doba pingov\u00e1n\u00ed);\n<li class=\"l\"> Pro IPv4 a IPv6 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=ab84be7e54fc3d9b248285f1a14067558d858819\">bol pridan\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex> nov\u00fd mechanismus ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed dat sm\u011brov\u00e1n\u00ed nexthop, c\u00edlen\u00fd na zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnosti sm\u011brovac\u00edch tabulek. Prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 testy uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed nov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu bylo nalezen\u00ed 743 tis\u00edc sm\u011brovac\u00edch tras nakl\u00e1d\u00e1no do j\u00e1dra pouze za 4,3 sekundy;\n<li class=\"l\">  Pro Bluetooth <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=302975cba1a4244d84e645773c82edbcfae1875f\">bola implementovan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> funkcionalita nezbytn\u00e1 pro podporu LE ping;\n<\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Zariadenie<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=761fdd5e3327db6c646a09bab5ad48cd42680cd2\">Pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> podpora x86-kompatibiln\u00edch procesor\u016f spole\u010dnosti <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zhaoxin\">Zhaoxin<\/a><\/noindex>, vyvinut\u00fdch v d\u016fsledku spole\u010dn\u00e9ho projektu VIA Technologies a m\u011bstsk\u00e9 spr\u00e1vy \u0160anghaje. Rodina CPU ZX je postavena na z\u00e1klad\u011b architektury x86-64 Isaiah, kter\u00e1 pokra\u010duje ve v\u00fdvoji technologi\u00ed <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Centaur_Technology\">VIA Centaur<\/a><\/noindex>;\n<li class=\"l\"> Do subsyst\u00e9mu DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) a tak\u00e9 do grafick\u00fdch ovlada\u010d\u016f amdgpu a i915 byla p\u0159id\u00e1na podpora anal\u00fdzy, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed a odes\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159es HDMI port metadat HDR (roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd dynamick\u00fd rozsah), kter\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje pou\u017eit\u00ed HDR panel\u016f a obrazovek schopn\u00fdch zobrazovat dal\u0161\u00ed rozsahy jasu;\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovlada\u010de amdgpu byla p\u0159id\u00e1na po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed podpora GPU AMD NAVI (RX5700), kter\u00e1 zahrnuje z\u00e1kladn\u00ed ovlada\u010d, k\u00f3d pro interakci s obrazovkami (DCN2), podporu GFX a v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f (GFX10),<br \/>\nSDMA 5 (System DMA0), prost\u0159edky pro \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nap\u00e1jen\u00ed a multimedi\u00e1ln\u00ed kodeky\/dekod\u00e9ry (VCN2). V amdgpu byla tak\u00e9 zlep\u0161ena podpora karet zalo\u017een\u00fdch na GPU Vega12 a Vega20, pro kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159id\u00e1ny dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pam\u011bti a spot\u0159eby energie;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Do ovl\u00e1da\u010da amdkfd (pre diskr\u00e9tne GPU, ako s\u00fa Fiji, Tonga, Polaris) bola pridan\u00e1 podpora GPU na b\u00e1ze VegaM;\n<li class=\"l\"> V DRM ovl\u00e1da\u010di pre grafick\u00e9 karty Intel pre \u010dipy Icelake <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=02ae8ba9664081a74cafe6662e64b3d7b8b292e6\">implementovan\u00fd<\/a><\/noindex> nov\u00fd viacsegmentov\u00fd re\u017eim gamma korekcie. Pridan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 v\u00fdstupu cez DisplayPort vo form\u00e1te YCbCr4:2:0. Pridan\u00e9 nov\u00e9 firmv\u00e9r <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/01.org\/linuxgraphics\/downloads\/firmware\">GuC<\/a><\/noindex> pre SKL, BXT, KBL, GLK a ICL. Bola implementovan\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 vypnutia nap\u00e1jania obrazovky v asynchr\u00f3nnom re\u017eime. <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=1215d28e722ce27172de7708ead6824fcfb19364\">Pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> podpora uchovania a obnovenia kontextu vykres\u013eovania pre \u010dipy Ironlake (gen5) a gen4 (Broadwater \u2014 Cantiga), \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje z u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esk\u00e9ho prostredia obnovi\u0165 stav GPU pri prechode z vykon\u00e1vania jedn\u00fdch d\u00e1vkov\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed na in\u00e9;\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di Nouveau bolo zabezpe\u010den\u00e9 ur\u010denie \u010dipovej sady NVIDIA Turing TU116;\n<li class=\"l\"> Roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 mo\u017enosti DRM\/KMS ovl\u00e1da\u010da pre ur\u00fdch\u013eova\u010de obrazov\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed ARM Komeda (Mali D71), bola pridan\u00e1 podpora pre \u0161k\u00e1lovanie, rozdelenie\/zlu\u010dovanie vrstiev, rot\u00e1ciu, odlo\u017een\u00e9 zapisovanie, AFBC, SMMU a form\u00e1ty k\u00f3dovania farieb Y0L2, P010, YUV420_8\/10BIT;\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di MSM bola pridan\u00e1 podpora s\u00e9rie A540 GPU Adreno, ktor\u00e1 sa pou\u017e\u00edva v procesoch Qualcomm, ako aj podpora DSI ovl\u00e1da\u010da MSM8998 pre Snapdragon 835;\n<li class=\"l\"> Boli pridan\u00e9 ovl\u00e1da\u010de pre LCD panely Samsung S6E63M0, Armadeus ST0700, EDT ETM0430G0DH6, OSD101T2045-53TS,<br \/>\nEvervision VGG804821, FriendlyELEC HD702E, KOE tx14d24vm1bpa, TFC S9700RTWV43TR-01B, EDT ET035012DM6 a VXT VL050-8048NT-C01;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=3e7f51bd96077acad6acd7b45668f65b44233c4e\">Pridan\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> ovl\u00e1da\u010d na aktiv\u00e1ciu prostriedkov na ur\u00fdchlenie dek\u00f3dovania<br \/>\nvide\u00ed, dostupn\u00fdch v SoC Amlogic Meson;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> V ovl\u00e1da\u010di v3d (pre GPU Broadcom Video Core V, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho v Raspberry Pi) sa objavil <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=d223f98f02099b002903b9b22b56febae16ef80d\">podpora<\/a><\/noindex> rozde\u013eova\u010d v\u00fdpo\u010dtov\u00fdch shaderov;\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=038b1a05eae6666b731920e46f47d8e2332e07ff\">Pridan\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> ovl\u00e1da\u010d pre SPI kl\u00e1vesnice a touchpady, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 v modern\u00fdch modeloch notebookov Apple MacBook a MacBookPro;\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/torvalds\/linux\/commit\/47d6a7607443ea43dbc4d0f371bf773540a8f8f4\">Pridan\u00e1<\/a><\/noindex> dodato\u010dn\u00e1 ochrana ioctl volan\u00ed s\u00favisiacich s ovl\u00e1da\u010dom diskety, pri\u010dom samotn\u00fd ovl\u00e1da\u010d je ozna\u010den\u00fd ako pozastaven\u00fd bez podpory<br \/>\n('orphaned'), \u010do znamen\u00e1 zastavenie jeho testovania. Ovl\u00e1da\u010d zost\u00e1va v jadre, ale jeho spr\u00e1vna funkcia nie je zaru\u010den\u00e1. Ovl\u00e1da\u010d sa pova\u017euje za zastaran\u00fd, preto\u017ee je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 funk\u010dn\u00e9 zariadenie na jeho testovanie \u2014 v\u0161etky aktu\u00e1lne extern\u00e9 \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 zariadenia zvy\u010dajne pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa rozhranie USB. <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=d3df18a97e586702920337056540267807b23f8e\">Pridan\u00e9<\/a><\/noindex> cpufreq ovl\u00e1da\u010d pre dosky Raspberry Pi, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje dynamick\u00e9 riadenie zmeny frekvencie procesora;\n<li class=\"l\"> Bola pridan\u00e1 podpora nov\u00fdch ARM SoC Mediatek mt8183 (4x Cortex-A73 + 4x Cortex-A53), TI J721E (2x Cortex-A72 + 3x Cortex-R5F + 3 DSPs + MMA) a Amlogic G12B (4x Cortex-A73 + 2x Cortex-A53), ako aj dosiek:\n<ul>\n<li>  <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51436\">Purism Librem5<\/a><\/noindex>,\n<li> Aspeed BMC,\n<li> Microsoft Olympus BMC,\n<li> Kontron SMARC,\n<li> Novtech Meerkat96 (i.MX7),\n<li> ST Micro Avenger96,\n<li> Google Cheza (Qualcomm SDM845),\n<li> Qualcomm Dragonboard 845c (Qualcomm SDM845),\n<li> Hugsun X99 TV Box (Rockchip RK3399),\n<li> Khadas Edge\/Edge-V\/Captain (Rockchip RK3399),\n<li> HiHope RZ\/G2M,\n<li> NXP LS1021A-TSN.\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Z\u00e1rove\u0148 Latinskoamerick\u00e1 nad\u00e1cia slobodn\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">vytvorila<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\nvariantu <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/www.fsfla.org\/ikiwiki\/selibre\/linux-libre\/\">\u00faplne vo\u013en\u00e9ho jadra 5.3<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/linux-libre.fsfla.org\/pub\/linux-libre\/releases\/5.3-gnu\/\">Linux-libre 5.3-gnu<\/a><\/noindex>, o\u010disten\u00e9ho od prvkov firmv\u00e9ru a ovl\u00e1da\u010dov, ktor\u00e9 obsahuj\u00fa nevhodn\u00e9 komponenty alebo \u00faseky k\u00f3du, ktor\u00fdch pou\u017eitie je obmedzen\u00e9 v\u00fdrobcom. V novej verzii je deaktivovan\u00e9 na\u010d\u00edtanie blobov v ovl\u00e1da\u010doch qcom, hdcp drm, allegro-dvt a meson-vdec.<br \/>\n Opraven\u00fd k\u00f3d \u010distenia blobov v ovl\u00e1da\u010doch a subsyst\u00e9moch amdgpu, i915, netx, r8169, brcmfmac, rtl8188eu, adreno, si2157, pvrusb2, touchscreen_dmi, zvukovom ovl\u00e1da\u010di pre skylake, ako aj v dokument\u00e1cii k mikrok\u00f3du. <\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"link\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51447\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.3. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 GPU AMD Navi, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 Zhaoxi \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c Intel Speed Select, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 umwait \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c &#8216;utilization clamping&#8217; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 CPU, \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 pidfd_open, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f IPv4-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 0.0.0.0\/8, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38151","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.4 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri 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