{"id":38841,"date":"2019-10-31T22:26:17","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:26:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/passive-dns-v-rukah-analitika\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:26:17","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:26:17","slug":"passive-dns-v-rukah-analitika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/administrirovanie\/passive-dns-v-rukah-analitika","title":{"rendered":"Pas\u00edvne DNS v ruk\u00e1ch analytika","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Syst\u00e9m dom\u00e9nov\u00fdch mien (DNS) je ako telef\u00f3nny zoznam, ktor\u00fd premie\u0148a u\u017e\u00edvate\u013esky priate\u013esk\u00e9 n\u00e1zvy, ako napr\u00edklad \u201eussc.ru\u201c, na IP adresy. Ke\u010f\u017ee aktivita DNS je pr\u00edtomn\u00e1 takmer vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch rel\u00e1ci\u00e1ch komunik\u00e1cie, bez oh\u013eadu na protokol, logovanie DNS je cenn\u00fdm zdrojom \u00fadajov pre odborn\u00edka na informa\u010dn\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165, ktor\u00fd im umo\u017e\u0148uje odha\u013eova\u0165 anomalie alebo z\u00edskava\u0165 \u010fal\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie o sk\u00famanom syst\u00e9me.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V roku 2004 navrhol Florian Weimer met\u00f3du logovania nazvan\u00fa Passive DNS, ktor\u00e1 umo\u017e\u0148uje obnovi\u0165 hist\u00f3riu zmien DNS \u00fadajov s mo\u017enos\u0165ou index\u00e1cie a vyh\u013ead\u00e1vania, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu poskytn\u00fa\u0165 pr\u00edstup k nasleduj\u00facim \u00fadajom:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Dom\u00e9nov\u00e9 meno<\/li>\n<li>IP adresa po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho dom\u00e9nov\u00e9ho mena<\/li>\n<li>D\u00e1tum a \u010das odpovede<\/li>\n<li>Typ odpovede<\/li>\n<li>a pod.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u00dadaje pre Passive DNS sa zbieraj\u00fa z rekurz\u00edvnych DNS serverov pomocou vstavan\u00fdch modulov alebo prostredn\u00edctvom zachyt\u00e1vania odpoved\u00ed od DNS serverov zodpovedn\u00fdch za z\u00f3nu.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pas\u00edvne DNS v ruk\u00e1ch analytika\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/03066b8baf19d86c73bb7a1ca240a26c.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Obr\u00e1zok 1. Passive DNS (prevzat\u00e9 z webovej str\u00e1nky <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ctovision.com\/passivedns-leverage-research\/\">Ctovision.com<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/i><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Osobitos\u0165 Passive DNS spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee nie je potrebn\u00e9 registrova\u0165 IP adresu klienta, \u010do pom\u00e1ha chr\u00e1ni\u0165 s\u00fakromie u\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti existuje mno\u017estvo slu\u017eieb poskytuj\u00facich pr\u00edstup k \u00fadajom Passive DNS:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.dnsdb.info\/\">DNSDB<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.virustotal.com\/gui\/home\/upload\">VirusTotal<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.riskiq.com\/products\/passivetotal\/\">PassiveTotal<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/octo.safedns.com\/\">Octopus<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/securitytrails.com\/\">SecurityTrails<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/umbrella.cisco.com\/products\/threat-intelligence\">Umbrella Investigate<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><b>Spolo\u010dnos\u0165<\/b><br \/>\nFarsight Security<br \/>\nVirusTotal<br \/>\nRiskiq<br \/>\nSafeDNS<br \/>\nSecurityTrails<br \/>\nCisco<\/p>\n<p><b>Pr\u00edstup<\/b><br \/>\nNa po\u017eiadanie<br \/>\nNie je potrebn\u00e1 registr\u00e1cia<br \/>\nVo\u013en\u00e1 registr\u00e1cia<br \/>\nNa po\u017eiadanie<br \/>\nNie je potrebn\u00e1 registr\u00e1cia<br \/>\nNa po\u017eiadanie<\/p>\n<p><b>API<\/b><br \/>\nJe pr\u00edtomn\u00e1<br \/>\nJe pr\u00edtomn\u00e1<br \/>\nJe pr\u00edtomn\u00e1<br \/>\nJe pr\u00edtomn\u00e1<br \/>\nJe pr\u00edtomn\u00e1<br \/>\nJe pr\u00edtomn\u00e1<\/p>\n<p><b>Existencia klienta<\/b><br \/>\nJe pr\u00edtomn\u00e1<br \/>\nJe pr\u00edtomn\u00e1<br \/>\nJe pr\u00edtomn\u00e1<br \/>\nNie je pr\u00edtomn\u00e1<br \/>\nNie je pr\u00edtomn\u00e1<br \/>\nNie je pr\u00edtomn\u00e1<\/p>\n<p><b>Za\u010diatok zberu \u00fadajov<\/b><br \/>\nRok 2010<br \/>\nRok 2013<br \/>\nRok 2009<br \/>\nZobrazuje iba posledn\u00e9 3 mesiace<br \/>\nRok 2008<br \/>\nRok 2006<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><i>Tabu\u013eka 1. Slu\u017eby s pr\u00edstupom k \u00fadajom Passive DNS<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Mo\u017enosti vyu\u017eitia Passive DNS<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00edm Passive DNS je mo\u017en\u00e9 rekon\u0161truova\u0165 spojenia medzi dom\u00e9nov\u00fdmi menami, NS servermi a IP adresami. To umo\u017e\u0148uje vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 mapy sk\u00faman\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov a sledova\u0165 zmeny tejto mapy od prv\u00e9ho zistenia a\u017e po s\u00fa\u010dasnos\u0165.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Taktie\u017e Passive DNS u\u013eah\u010duje odha\u013eovanie anom\u00e1li\u00ed v prev\u00e1dzke. Napr\u00edklad sledovanie zmien v z\u00f3nach NS a z\u00e1znamoch typu A a AAAA umo\u017e\u0148uje identifikova\u0165 zl\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, ktor\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa met\u00f3du fast flux, sna\u017eiacu sa skry\u0165 C&amp;C pred detekciou a blokovan\u00edm. Ke\u010f\u017ee legit\u00edmne dom\u00e9nov\u00e9 men\u00e1 (s v\u00fdnimkou t\u00fdch, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa na rozlo\u017eenie z\u00e1\u0165a\u017ee) nebud\u00fa \u010dasto meni\u0165 svoje IP adresy, a v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina legit\u00edmnych z\u00f3n zriedka men\u00ed svoje NS servery. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pas\u00edvne DNS v porovnan\u00ed s priamym preh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00edm subdom\u00e9n pod\u013ea slovn\u00edkov umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e1js\u0165 aj tie najexotickej\u0161ie dom\u00e9nov\u00e9 men\u00e1, napr\u00edklad \"222qmxacaiqaaaaazibq4aaidhmbqaaa0undefined7140c0.p.hoff.ru\". Takisto to niekedy umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e1js\u0165 testovacie (a zranite\u013en\u00e9) oblasti webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok, materi\u00e1ly pre v\u00fdvoj\u00e1rov a podobne. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h4>Sk\u00famanie odkazu z emailu pomocou Pas\u00edvneho DNS<\/h4>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je spam jedn\u00fdm z hlavn\u00fdch sp\u00f4sobov, ako sa \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk dost\u00e1va na po\u010d\u00edta\u010d obete alebo kradne d\u00f4vern\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie. Pok\u00fasime sa presk\u00fama\u0165 odkaz z tak\u00e9hoto emailu pomocou Pas\u00edvneho DNS, aby sme zhodnotili \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 tejto met\u00f3dy.<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pas\u00edvne DNS v ruk\u00e1ch analytika\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/47d75ca464d6aa1c803670b1a53b4cf8.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Obr\u00e1zok 2. Spamov\u00fd email<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Odkaz z tohto emailu smeroval na str\u00e1nku magnit-boss.rocks, ktor\u00e1 automaticky pon\u00fakala zbiera\u0165 bonusy a z\u00edska\u0165 peniaze:<\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pas\u00edvne DNS v ruk\u00e1ch analytika\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/f9bbb7d49579e5559c8fc76af0cfc13d.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Obr\u00e1zok 3. Str\u00e1nka umiestnen\u00e1 na dom\u00e9ne magnit-boss.rocks<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na sk\u00famanie tejto str\u00e1nky bol pou\u017eit\u00fd <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http:\/\/api.passivetotal.org\/api\/docs\/\">API Riskiq<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00fd u\u017e m\u00e1 3 hotov\u00fdch klientov na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/passivetotal\/python_api\">Python<\/a><\/noindex>, <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/chrislee35\/passivetotal\">Ruby<\/a><\/noindex> a <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/passivetotal\/rust_api\">Rust<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Najsk\u00f4r sa dozvieme cel\u00fa hist\u00f3riu tohto dom\u00e9nov\u00e9ho mena, na to vyu\u017eijeme pr\u00edkaz:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><i>pt-client pdns \u2014 dotaz magnit-boss.rocks<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Tento pr\u00edkaz vygeneruje inform\u00e1cie o v\u0161etk\u00fdch DNS resolv\u00e1ch spojen\u00fdch s t\u00fdmto dom\u00e9nov\u00fdm menom. <\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pas\u00edvne DNS v ruk\u00e1ch analytika\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/bfaa82b2d7a753f684f32a93e29bf679.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Obr\u00e1zok 4. Odpove\u010f od API Riskiq<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Privedieme odpove\u010f od API do preh\u013eadnej\u0161ieho form\u00e1tu: <\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pas\u00edvne DNS v ruk\u00e1ch analytika\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/90bcff91f110ee8e8f97151618548cb3.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Obr\u00e1zok 5. V\u0161etky z\u00e1znamy z odpovede<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Na \u010fal\u0161ie sk\u00famanie boli vzat\u00e9 IP adresy, na ktor\u00e9 sa toto dom\u00e9nov\u00e9 meno resolvovalo v \u010dase prijatia emailu 01.08.2019, pri\u010dom tak\u00e9to IP adresy s\u00fa 92.119.113.112 a 85.143.219.65. <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00edm pr\u00edkazu: <\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><i>pt-client pdns \u2014 dotaz<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>je mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edska\u0165 v\u0161etky dom\u00e9nov\u00e9 men\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 s \u00fadajn\u00fdmi IP adresami.<br \/>\nIP adresa 92.119.113.112 m\u00e1 42 jedine\u010dn\u00fdch dom\u00e9nov\u00fdch mien, ktor\u00e9 sa resolvovali na t\u00fato IP adresu, medzi ktor\u00fdmi s\u00fa aj tak\u00e9to n\u00e1zvy:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>magnit-boss.club<\/li>\n<li>igrovie-avtomaty.me<\/li>\n<li>pro-x-audit.xyz<\/li>\n<li>zep3-www.xyz<\/li>\n<li>a \u010fal\u0161ie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>IP adresa 85.143.219.65 m\u00e1 44 jedine\u010dn\u00fdch dom\u00e9nov\u00fdch mien, ktor\u00e9 sa resolvovali na t\u00fato IP adresu, medzi ktor\u00fdmi s\u00fa aj tak\u00e9to n\u00e1zvy:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>cvv2.name (str\u00e1nka na predaj \u00fadajov o kreditn\u00fdch kart\u00e1ch)<\/li>\n<li>emaills.world<\/li>\n<li>www.mailru.space<\/li>\n<li>a \u010fal\u0161ie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Spojenia s t\u00fdmito dom\u00e9nov\u00fdmi menami nazna\u010duj\u00fa phishing, ale predsa len ver\u00edme v dobr\u00fdch \u013eud\u00ed, tak\u017ee sa pok\u00fasime z\u00edska\u0165 bonus vo v\u00fd\u0161ke 332 501,72 rub\u013eov? Po stla\u010den\u00ed tla\u010didla \u201c\u00c1NO\u201d n\u00e1s str\u00e1nka \u017eiada o prevod 300 rub\u013eov z karty na odblokovanie \u00fa\u010dtu a presmeruje n\u00e1s na str\u00e1nku as-torpay.info na zadanie \u00fadajov. <\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pas\u00edvne DNS v ruk\u00e1ch analytika\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/cb2525f6438e5b0314949eae1ab3b81b.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Obr\u00e1zok 6. Hlavn\u00e1 str\u00e1nka webu ac-pay2day.net<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Navonok legalna str\u00e1nka, m\u00e1 HTTPS certifik\u00e1t a hlavn\u00e1 str\u00e1nka pon\u00faka pripojenie tohto platobn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu na va\u0161u str\u00e1nku, ale bohu\u017eia\u013e v\u0161etky odkazy na pripojenie nefunguj\u00fa. Toto dom\u00e9nov\u00e9 meno sa rozl\u00ed\u0161i iba na 1 IP adresu \u2014 190.115.19.74. T\u00e1 m\u00e1 na druhej strane 1475 unik\u00e1tnych dom\u00e9nov\u00fdch mien, ktor\u00e9 sa rozl\u00ed\u0161ili na t\u00fato IP adresu, medzi ktor\u00fdmi s\u00fa aj tak\u00e9 men\u00e1 ako:<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>ac-pay2day.net<\/li>\n<li>ac-payfit.com<\/li>\n<li>as-manypay.com<\/li>\n<li>fletkass.net<\/li>\n<li>as-magicpay.com<\/li>\n<li>a \u010fal\u0161ie<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Ako vid\u00edme, Passive DNS umo\u017e\u0148uje dostato\u010dne r\u00fdchlo a efekt\u00edvne zhroma\u017edi\u0165 \u00fadaje o sk\u00famanom zdroji a dokonca zostavi\u0165 ak\u00fdsi odtla\u010dok, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje odhali\u0165 cel\u00fa sch\u00e9mu kr\u00e1de\u017ee osobn\u00fdch \u00fadajov, od ich z\u00edskania po pravdepodobn\u00e9 miesto predaja. <\/p>\n<p>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Pas\u00edvne DNS v ruk\u00e1ch analytika\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/e06af58c18cdd52e4790047c46768470.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<p><i>Obr\u00e1zok 7. Mapa sk\u00faman\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu<\/i><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>Nie v\u0161etko je tak ru\u017eov\u00e9, ako by sme si \u017eelali. Napr\u00edklad tak\u00e9to vy\u0161etrovania sa \u013eahko m\u00f4\u017eu rozbi\u0165 o CloudFlare alebo podobn\u00e9 slu\u017eby. A \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 zhroma\u017edenej datab\u00e1zy ve\u013emi z\u00e1vis\u00ed od po\u010dtu DNS po\u017eiadaviek prech\u00e1dzaj\u00facich cez modul na zber Passive DNS \u00fadajov. Napriek tomu je v\u0161ak Passive DNS zdrojom dodato\u010dn\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed pre odborn\u00edka na vy\u0161etrovanie.<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><em>Autor: \u0160pecialista Uralsk\u00e9ho centra syst\u00e9movej bezpe\u010dnosti<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/post\/470974\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d (DNS) \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f 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