{"id":38969,"date":"2019-10-31T22:27:06","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/liga-svobodnogo-interneta\/"},"modified":"2026-05-20T19:11:21","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T17:11:21","slug":"liga-svobodnogo-interneta__trashed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/liga-svobodnogo-interneta__trashed","title":{"rendered":"Liga slobodn\u00e9ho internetu","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ako \u010deli\u0165 autorit\u00e1rskym re\u017eimom na internete<\/h2>\n

\n\"Liga
\nOdpojujeme sa? \u017dena v pekingskej internetovej kaviarni, j\u00fal 2011
\nIm Chi Yin \/ The New York Times \/ Redux<\/i><\/p>\n

M-\u017ee, predsa len budem musie\u0165 predbehn\u00fa\u0165 \"pozn\u00e1mkou prekladate\u013ea\". N\u00e1js\u0165 text sa mi zdalo zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 a vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00face diskusie. Jedin\u00e9 \u00fapravy v texte s\u00fa \"tu\u010dn\u00fdm p\u00edsmom\". Svoje osobn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory som si dovolil vyjadri\u0165 v tagoch. \n<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\n\u00c9ra vzniku internetu bola pln\u00e1 vzne\u0161en\u00fdch n\u00e1dej\u00ed. Autorit\u00e1rske re\u017eimy, postaven\u00e9 pred vo\u013ebu - sta\u0165 sa s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou nov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu glob\u00e1lnych komunik\u00e1ci\u00ed alebo osta\u0165 bokom, si zvolia pripojenie. Z roz\u017eiaren\u00e9ho poh\u013eadu \u010falej: toky novej inform\u00e1cie a n\u00e1padov z \"vonkaj\u0161ieho sveta\" ne\u00faprosne podnietia v\u00fdvoj smerom k ekonomickej otvorenosti a politickej liberaliz\u00e1cii. V skuto\u010dnosti sa v\u0161ak stalo nie\u010do \u00faplne opa\u010dn\u00e9. Namiesto \u0161\u00edrenia demokratick\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t a liber\u00e1lnych ide\u00e1lov sa internet stal z\u00e1kladom \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ee autorit\u00e1rskych \u0161t\u00e1tov po celom svete. Re\u017eimy v \u010c\u00edne, Rusku a pod. vyu\u017e\u00edvali infra\u0161trukt\u00fary internetu na vybudovanie svojich vlastn\u00fdch n\u00e1rodn\u00fdch siet\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 vybudovali technick\u00e9 a legislat\u00edvne bari\u00e9ry, aby mohli obmedzi\u0165 pr\u00edstup svojich ob\u010danov k niektor\u00fdm zdrojom a s\u0165a\u017ei\u0165 pr\u00edstup z\u00e1padn\u00fdm spolo\u010dnostiam na svoje digit\u00e1lne trhy.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nAv\u0161ak, aj ke\u010f vo Washingtone a Bruseli lamentuj\u00fa nad pl\u00e1nmi na rozdelenie internetu, posledn\u00e1 vec, ktor\u00fa Peking a Moskva chc\u00fa, je ocitn\u00fa\u0165 sa vo svojich vlastn\u00fdch sie\u0165ach a by\u0165 odrezan\u00e9 od glob\u00e1lnej internetovej siete. Napokon, potrebuj\u00fa pr\u00edstup na internet na kr\u00e1de\u017e du\u0161evn\u00e9ho vlastn\u00edctva, \u0161\u00edrenie propagandy, zasahovanie do volieb v in\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch a aby mohli ohrozova\u0165 kritick\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru v konkuren\u010dn\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch. \u010c\u00edna a Rusko by ide\u00e1lne chceli znovu vytvori\u0165 internet - pod\u013ea vlastn\u00fdch vzorov a don\u00fati\u0165 svet hra\u0165 pod\u013ea ich repres\u00edvnych pravidiel. Ale nedok\u00e1zali to urobi\u0165 - namiesto toho zv\u00fd\u0161ili svoje snahy o pr\u00edsnu kontrolu vonkaj\u0161ieho pr\u00edstupu na svoje trhy, obmedzili mo\u017enosti svojich ob\u010danov vystupova\u0165 na internet a vyu\u017e\u00edvali zranite\u013enosti, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa nevyhnutne n\u00e1sledkom digit\u00e1lnej slobody a z\u00e1padnej otvorenosti.<\/p>\n

Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty, ich spojenci a partneri by sa mali presta\u0165 ob\u00e1va\u0165 rizika rozdelenia internetu zo strany autorit\u00e1rskych re\u017eimov. Namiesto toho by mali rozdelil ho sami<\/b>, vytvoren\u00edm digit\u00e1lneho bloku, v ktorom m\u00f4\u017eu inform\u00e1cie, slu\u017eby a produkty slobodne cirkulova\u0165, s v\u00fdnimkou kraj\u00edn, ktor\u00e9 re\u0161pektuj\u00fa slobodu prejavu alebo pr\u00e1vo na s\u00fakromie, vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa podvratn\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165 alebo poskytuj\u00fa bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fato\u010disk\u00e1 pre kyberzlo\u010dincov. V takejto s\u00fastave krajiny, ktor\u00e9 prij\u00edmaj\u00fa koncept skuto\u010dne vo\u013en\u00e9ho a d\u00f4veryhodn\u00e9ho internetu, bud\u00fa podporova\u0165 a roz\u0161irova\u0165 v\u00fdhody pripojenia, zatia\u013e \u010do krajiny, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa proti tomuto konceptu, jej nebud\u00fa m\u00f4c\u0165 u\u0161kodi\u0165. Cie\u013eom by mala by\u0165 digit\u00e1lna verzia Schengensk\u00e9ho dohovoru<\/b>, ktor\u00e1 chr\u00e1ni vo\u013en\u00fd pohyb os\u00f4b, tovaru a slu\u017eieb v Eur\u00f3pe. 26 kraj\u00edn Schengensk\u00e9ho priestoru dodr\u017eiava tak\u00fato s\u00fastavu pravidiel a mechanizmov zabezpe\u010denia dodr\u017eiavania; nie izolovan\u00e9 krajiny.<\/p>\n

Tak\u00e9to dohody s\u00fa nevyhnutn\u00e9 pre zachovanie vo\u013en\u00e9ho a otvoren\u00e9ho internetu. Washington by mal vytvori\u0165 koal\u00edciu, ktor\u00e1 by spojila pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov internetu, firmy a krajiny okolo demokratick\u00fdch hodn\u00f4t, re\u0161pektovania pr\u00e1vneho \u0161t\u00e1tu a spravodliv\u00e9ho digit\u00e1lneho obchodu: Liga slobodn\u00e9ho internetu<\/b>. Namiesto toho, aby umo\u017enil \u0161t\u00e1tom, ktor\u00e9 nezdie\u013eaj\u00fa tieto hodnoty, bezprek\u00e1\u017ekov\u00fd pr\u00edstup na internet a z\u00e1padn\u00e9 digit\u00e1lne trhy a technol\u00f3gie, by mala koal\u00edcia veden\u00e1 USA stanovi\u0165 podmienky, za ak\u00fdch m\u00f4\u017eu ne\u010dlenovia zosta\u0165 pripojen\u00ed, a zavies\u0165 bari\u00e9ry obmedzuj\u00face cenn\u00e9 d\u00e1ta, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu z\u00edska\u0165, a \u0161kodu, ktor\u00fa m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165. Liga nebude zdv\u00edha\u0165 digit\u00e1lnu \u017eelezn\u00fa oponu; aspo\u0148 v po\u010diato\u010dnej f\u00e1ze bude v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina internetovej prev\u00e1dzky na\u010falej pr\u00fadi\u0165 medzi jej \u010dlenmi a \"n\u00e1von\" a liga bude predov\u0161etk\u00fdm blokova\u0165 spolo\u010dnosti a organiz\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 podporuj\u00fa kybernetick\u00fa kriminalitu, a nie cel\u00e9 krajiny. Vl\u00e1dy, ktor\u00e9 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou prij\u00edmaj\u00fa my\u0161lienky otvoren\u00e9ho, tolerantn\u00e9ho a demokratick\u00e9ho internetu, bud\u00fa ma\u0165 stimul na zlep\u0161enie svojich sn\u00e1h zabezpe\u010di\u0165 ich dodr\u017eiavanie, aby sa pripojili k lige a zabezpe\u010dili spo\u013eahliv\u00e9 pripojenie pre svoje firmy a ob\u010danov. Samozrejme, autorit\u00e1rske re\u017eimy v \u010c\u00edne, Rusku a in\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch pravdepodobne aj na\u010falej odmietnu t\u00fato v\u00edziu. Namiesto toho, aby sme \u017eiadali a prosili tak\u00e9to vl\u00e1dy, aby sa spr\u00e1vali dobre, by USA a ich spojenci mali ustanovi\u0165 pravidl\u00e1: dodr\u017eiava\u0165 pravidl\u00e1 alebo by\u0165 odrezan\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Koniec snom o internete bez hran\u00edc<\/h2>\n

\nKe\u010f administrat\u00edva Obamu v roku 2011 vydala svoju Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fa strat\u00e9giu kybernetick\u00e9ho priestoru, predstavovala glob\u00e1lny internet, ktor\u00fd bude \u201eotvoren\u00fd, interoperabiln\u00fd, bezpe\u010dn\u00fd a spo\u013eahliv\u00fd\u201c. V tom istom \u010dase \u010c\u00edna a Rusko trvali na uplatnen\u00ed vlastn\u00fdch pravidiel na internete. Peking, napr\u00edklad, chcel, aby ak\u00e1ko\u013evek kritika \u010d\u00ednskej vl\u00e1dy, ktor\u00e1 bola neleg\u00e1lna v r\u00e1mci \u010c\u00edny, bola tie\u017e zak\u00e1zan\u00e1 na americk\u00fdch str\u00e1nkach. Moskva, na druhej strane, obratne h\u013eadala ekvivalent zml\u00fav o kontrole zbran\u00ed v kybernetickom priestore, zatia\u013e \u010do z\u00e1rove\u0148 zvy\u0161ovala svoje vlastn\u00e9 ofenz\u00edvne kybernetick\u00e9 \u00fatoky. Z dlhodob\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska st\u00e1le chc\u00fa \u010c\u00edna a Rusko ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 glob\u00e1lny internet. Vidia v\u0161ak v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iu hodnotu v vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed svojich uzavret\u00fdch siet\u00ed a vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00ed otvorenosti Z\u00e1padu vo svoj prospech.<\/p>\n

Obamova strat\u00e9gia varovala, \u017ee \u201ealternat\u00edvou glob\u00e1lnej otvorenosti a funk\u010dnej interoperability je fragmentovan\u00fd internet, kde zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 svetovej popul\u00e1cie bude zbaven\u00e1 pr\u00edstupu k zlo\u017eit\u00fdm aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1m a cenn\u00e9mu obsahu z d\u00f4vodu politick\u00fdch z\u00e1ujmov nieko\u013ek\u00fdch kraj\u00edn\u201c. Napriek \u00fasiliu Washingtonu zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 tomuto v\u00fdsledku, pr\u00e1ve sem sme sa dostali teraz. A administrat\u00edva Trumpa spravila ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo na zmenu strat\u00e9gie USA. N\u00e1rodn\u00e1 kybernetick\u00e1 strat\u00e9gia prezidenta Donalda Trumpa, vydan\u00e1 v septembri 2018, vyz\u00fdva na \u201eotvoren\u00fd, funk\u010dne kompatibiln\u00fd, spo\u013eahliv\u00fd a bezpe\u010dn\u00fd internet\u201c, \u010d\u00edm tak opakuje mantru strat\u00e9gie prezidenta Baracka Obamu, pri\u010dom \u010das od \u010dasu zamie\u0148a slov\u00e1 \u201ebezpe\u010dn\u00fd\u201c a \u201espo\u013eahliv\u00fd\u201c.<\/p>\n

Trumpova strat\u00e9gia sa zaklad\u00e1 na potrebe roz\u0161\u00edri\u0165 slobodu internetu, ktor\u00fa definuje ako \u201euskuto\u010dnenie \u013eudsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch slob\u00f4d na internete, ako s\u00fa sloboda prejavu, zdru\u017eovania, pokojn\u00e9ho zhroma\u017e\u010fovania, n\u00e1bo\u017eenstva alebo presved\u010denia a pr\u00e1vo na s\u00fakromie na internete\u201c. Hoci je to cenn\u00fd cie\u013e, ignoruje skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee v mnoh\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch, kde ob\u010dania neu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa tieto pr\u00e1va v \u201eoffline\u201c, a t\u00fdm menej na internete, internet u\u017e nie je bezpe\u010dn\u00fdm \u00fato\u010diskom, sk\u00f4r sa stal n\u00e1strojom represi\u00ed. Re\u017eimy v \u010c\u00edne a in\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa umel\u00fa inteligenciu na to, aby im lep\u0161ie pom\u00e1hala sledova\u0165 svojich ob\u010danov a nau\u010dili sa prepoji\u0165 kamerov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, finan\u010dn\u00e9 transakcie a dopravn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my na vytvorenie obrovsk\u00fdch datab\u00e1z inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o \u010dinnosti jednotliv\u00fdch ob\u010danov. \u010c\u00ednska arm\u00e1da internetov\u00fdch cenzorov, \u010d\u00edtaj\u00faca dva mili\u00f3ny \u013eud\u00ed, je vy\u0161kolen\u00e1 na zber \u00fadajov na zaradenie do pl\u00e1novanej syst\u00e9mu hodnotenia \u201esoci\u00e1lnych kreditov\u201c<\/b>, ktor\u00fd umo\u017en\u00ed hodnoti\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00e9ho obyvate\u013ea \u010c\u00edny a pride\u013eova\u0165 odmeny a tresty za \u010diny vykon\u00e1van\u00e9 ako na internete, tak aj offline. Takzvan\u00fd Ve\u013ek\u00fd firewall \u010c\u00edny, ktor\u00fd zakazuje \u013eu\u010fom v krajine pr\u00edstup k materi\u00e1lom na internete, ktor\u00e9 komunistick\u00e1 strana \u010c\u00edny pova\u017euje za neprijate\u013en\u00e9, sa stal vzorom pre in\u00e9 autorit\u00e1rske re\u017eimy. Pod\u013ea Freedom House \u010d\u00ednski \u00faradn\u00edci \u0161kolili kolegov z 36 kraj\u00edn na vytv\u00e1ran\u00ed syst\u00e9mov internetov\u00e9ho sledovania. V 18 krajin\u00e1ch \u010c\u00edna pom\u00e1hala budova\u0165 tak\u00e9to siete.<\/p>\n

\"Liga
\nPri kancel\u00e1rii Google v Pekingu de\u0148 po ozn\u00e1men\u00ed o pl\u00e1noch spolo\u010dnosti opusti\u0165 \u010d\u00ednsky trh, janu\u00e1r 2010
\nGilles Sabrie \/ The New York Tim\u200bes \/ Redux<\/i><\/p>\n

Pou\u017eitie \u201e\u010d\u00edsla\u201c ako p\u00e1ky<\/h2>\n

\nAk\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom m\u00f4\u017eu Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty a ich spojenci obmedzi\u0165 \u0161kody, ktor\u00e9 autorit\u00e1rske re\u017eimy m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 internetu, a zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 t\u00fdmto re\u017eimom vyu\u017ei\u0165 mo\u017enosti internetu na potl\u00e1\u010danie nes\u00fahlasu? Odzneli n\u00e1vrhy poveri\u0165 Svetov\u00fa obchodn\u00fa organiz\u00e1ciu alebo OSN, aby ustanovili jasn\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 zais\u0165uj\u00face bezprobl\u00e9mov\u00fd prenos inform\u00e1ci\u00ed a d\u00e1t. Av\u0161ak ak\u00fdko\u013evek tak\u00fd pl\u00e1n by bol m\u0155tvoroden\u00fd, preto\u017ee na jeho schv\u00e1lenie by musel z\u00edska\u0165 podporu pr\u00e1ve t\u00fdch kraj\u00edn, na ktor\u00fdch zhubn\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165 sa zameriava. Iba vytvoren\u00edm bloku kraj\u00edn, v ktor\u00fdch je mo\u017en\u00e9 pren\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 d\u00e1ta, a zak\u00e1zan\u00edm pr\u00edstupu in\u00fdm \u0161t\u00e1tom, m\u00f4\u017eu z\u00e1padn\u00e9 krajiny z\u00edska\u0165 nejak\u00e9 p\u00e1ky na ovplyvnenie spr\u00e1vania \"zl\u00fdch chlapcov\" internetu.<\/p>\n

Schengensk\u00e1 z\u00f3na Eur\u00f3py pon\u00faka re\u00e1lny model, v ktorom sa \u013eudia a tovar pohybuj\u00fa vo\u013ene, bez prechodu colnou a imigran\u010dnou kontrolou. Akon\u00e1hle osoba vst\u00fapi do z\u00f3ny cez hrani\u010dn\u00fd priechod jednej krajiny, m\u00f4\u017ee sa presun\u00fa\u0165 do ktorejko\u013evek inej krajiny, ani\u017e by prech\u00e1dzala \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi coln\u00fdmi alebo imigran\u010dn\u00fdmi kontrolami. (Existuj\u00fa niektor\u00e9 v\u00fdnimky, a nieko\u013eko kraj\u00edn zaviedlo obmedzen\u00e9 hrani\u010dn\u00e9 kontroly po migra\u010dnej kr\u00edze v roku 2015.) Dohoda o vytvoren\u00ed z\u00f3ny sa stala s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou legislat\u00edvy E\u00da v roku 1999; nakoniec sa pridali aj krajiny mimo E\u00da, ako Island, Lichten\u0161tajnsko, N\u00f3rsko a \u0160vaj\u010diarsko. Dohoda vyl\u00fa\u010dila \u00cdrsko a Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1\u013eovstvo na ich \u017eiados\u0165.<\/p>\n

Pripojenie k Schengenskej z\u00f3ne je spojen\u00e9 s troma po\u017eiadavkami, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu sl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 ako model pre digit\u00e1lnu dohodu. Po prv\u00e9, \u010dlensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty musia vyd\u00e1va\u0165 jednotn\u00e9 v\u00edza a zabezpe\u010di\u0165 spo\u013eahliv\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 na svojich vonkaj\u0161\u00edch hraniciach. Po druh\u00e9, musia uk\u00e1za\u0165, \u017ee s\u00fa schopn\u00e9 koordinova\u0165 svoje kroky s org\u00e1nmi \u010dinn\u00fdmi v trestnom konan\u00ed v in\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch. A po tretie, musia pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m na sledovanie vstupov a v\u00fdstupov do z\u00f3ny. Dohoda ustanovuje pravidl\u00e1, ktor\u00e9 upravuj\u00fa cezhrani\u010dn\u00fd dozor a podmienky, za ktor\u00fdch m\u00f4\u017eu org\u00e1ny prenasledova\u0165 podozriv\u00fdch na 'hor\u00facich stop\u00e1ch' cez hranice. To tie\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uje extrad\u00edciu podozriv\u00fdch z trestn\u00fdch \u010dinov medzi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi \u0161t\u00e1tmi.<\/p>\n

Dohoda vytv\u00e1ra jasn\u00e9 stimuly na spolupr\u00e1cu a otvorenos\u0165. Ka\u017ed\u00e1 eur\u00f3pska krajina, ktor\u00e1 chce, aby jej ob\u010dania mali pr\u00e1vo cestova\u0165, pracova\u0165 alebo \u017ei\u0165 kdeko\u013evek v E\u00da, mus\u00ed prisp\u00f4sobi\u0165 svoj hrani\u010dn\u00fd kontroln\u00fd syst\u00e9m schengensk\u00fdm norm\u00e1m. \u0160tyri \u010dlensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty E\u00da - Bulharsko, Chorv\u00e1tsko, Cyprus a Rumunsko - neboli prijat\u00e9 do Schengenskej z\u00f3ny s\u010dasti preto, lebo nesp\u013a\u0148ali tieto normy. Bulharsko a Rumunsko s\u00fa v\u0161ak v procese zlep\u0161ovania hrani\u010dn\u00e9ho kontroly, aby mohli prist\u00fapi\u0165. In\u00fdmi slovami, stimuly funguj\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Av\u0161ak tak\u00e9hoto druhu stimuly ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch pokusoch o zjednotenie medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho spolo\u010denstva v boji proti kybernetickej kriminalite, ekonomickej \u0161pion\u00e1\u017ei a in\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom digit\u00e1lneho veku. Naj\u00faspe\u0161nej\u0161\u00ed z t\u00fdchto sn\u00e1h, Dohoda Rady Eur\u00f3py o kybernetickej kriminalite (zn\u00e1ma aj ako Budape\u0161tianska konvencia), definuje v\u0161etky rozumn\u00e9 kroky, ktor\u00e9 by \u0161t\u00e1ty mali podnikn\u00fa\u0165 v boji proti kybernetickej kriminalite. Poskytuje vzorov\u00e9 z\u00e1kony, vylep\u0161en\u00e9 mechanizmy koordin\u00e1cie a zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9 postupy vyd\u00e1vania. \u0160es\u0165desiat jedna kraj\u00edn ratifikovalo dohodu. Napriek tomu je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 n\u00e1js\u0165 obhajcov Budape\u0161tianskej konvencie, preto\u017ee nezafungovala: neposkytuje \u017eiadne re\u00e1lne v\u00fdhody pre pri\u010dlenenie ani \u017eiadne re\u00e1lne n\u00e1sledky za nedodr\u017eiavanie z\u00e1v\u00e4zkov, ktor\u00e9 vytv\u00e1ra.<\/p>\n

Aby Liga slobodn\u00e9ho internetu fungovala, je potrebn\u00e9 vyhn\u00fa\u0165 sa tejto pasci. Najefekt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob, ako privies\u0165 krajiny do s\u00faladu s po\u017eiadavkami ligy, je hrozba odmietnutia produktov a slu\u017eieb<\/b> tak\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, ako Amazon, Facebook, Google a Microsoft, a zablokovanie pr\u00edstupu ich spolo\u010dnost\u00ed k pe\u0148a\u017eenk\u00e1m stoviek mili\u00f3nov spotrebite\u013eov v USA a Eur\u00f3pe. Liga nebude blokova\u0165 cel\u00fd prenos z ne\u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov \u2014 rovnako ako Schengen nezatv\u00e1ra v\u0161etky tovary a slu\u017eby pred ne\u010dlenmi. Na jednej strane je dnes schopnos\u0165 zmysluplne filtrova\u0165 cel\u00fd \u0161kodliv\u00fd prenos na n\u00e1rodnej \u00farovni technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m nedostupn\u00e1. Navy\u0161e, na to, aby to bolo mo\u017en\u00e9, potrebuj\u00fa vl\u00e1dy schopnos\u0165 de\u0161ifrova\u0165 prenos, \u010do prinesie viac \u0161kody na bezpe\u010dnosti, ne\u017e pom\u00f4\u017ee, a naru\u0161\u00ed s\u00fakromie a ob\u010dianske slobody. Liga v\u0161ak zak\u00e1\u017ee produkty a slu\u017eby spolo\u010dnost\u00ed a organiz\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zn\u00e1me t\u00fdm, \u017ee napom\u00e1haj\u00fa kybernetickej kriminalite v krajin\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa \u010dlenmi, a takisto zablokuje prenos od poru\u0161ovate\u013eov pravidiel poskytovate\u013eov internetov\u00fdch slu\u017eieb v \u0161t\u00e1toch, ktor\u00e9 nie s\u00fa \u010dlenmi.<\/p>\n

Napr\u00edklad si predstavte, ak by Ukrajine, zn\u00e1mej bezpe\u010dnej z\u00e1kladni pre kybernetick\u00fdch zlo\u010dincov, hrozili zablokovan\u00edm pr\u00edstupu k slu\u017eb\u00e1m, na ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa jej ob\u010dania, spolo\u010dnosti a vl\u00e1da u\u017e zvyknut\u00ed a od ktor\u00fdch z\u00e1sadne z\u00e1vis\u00ed jej technologick\u00fd rozvoj. Ukrajinsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da by \u010delila siln\u00e9mu podnetu, aby kone\u010dne razantne \u010delila kybernetick\u00e9mu zlo\u010dineck\u00e9mu svetu, ktor\u00fd sa vyvinul v r\u00e1mci krajiny. Tieto opatrenia s\u00fa bezcenn\u00e9 vo\u010di \u010c\u00edne a Rusku: nakoniec Komunistick\u00e1 strana \u010c\u00edny a Kreme\u013e u\u017e urobili v\u0161etko mo\u017en\u00e9, aby odrezali svojich ob\u010danov od glob\u00e1lneho internetu. Av\u0161ak cie\u013eom Ligy slobodn\u00e9ho internetu nie je zmeni\u0165 spr\u00e1vanie tak\u00fdchto \"ideologick\u00fdch\" zlo\u010dincov, ale zmierni\u0165 \u0161kody, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa, a povzbudzova\u0165 krajiny ako Ukrajina, Braz\u00edlia a India, aby boli \u00faspe\u0161n\u00e9 v boji proti kybernetickej kriminalite.<\/p>\n

Zachovanie slobody internetu<\/h2>\n

\nZ\u00e1kladn\u00fdm princ\u00edpom ligy bude podpora slobody slova na internete. \u010clenom bude v\u0161ak povolen\u00e9 robi\u0165 v\u00fdnimky v ka\u017edom konkr\u00e9tnom pr\u00edpade. Napr\u00edklad, hoci USA nebud\u00fa musie\u0165 dodr\u017eiava\u0165 obmedzenia E\u00da na slobodu slova, americk\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti bud\u00fa musie\u0165 vynalo\u017ei\u0165 primeran\u00e9 \u00fasilie, aby nepred\u00e1vali a neukazovali zak\u00e1zan\u00fd obsah pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom internetu v Eur\u00f3pe. Tak\u00fdto pr\u00edstup do zna\u010dnej miery upevn\u00ed status quo. Av\u0161ak to by tie\u017e don\u00fatilo z\u00e1padn\u00e9 krajiny form\u00e1lnej\u0161ie splni\u0165 \u00falohu obmedzovania tak\u00fdch kraj\u00edn, ako je \u010c\u00edna, od realiz\u00e1cie orwellovsk\u00e9ho v\u00edzie \"informa\u010dnej bezpe\u010dnosti\", trvaj\u00fac na tom, \u017ee ur\u010dit\u00e9 formy vyjadrenia predstavuj\u00fa hrozbu pre n\u00e1rodn\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165. Napr\u00edklad Peking pravidelne zasiela \u017eiadosti in\u00fdm vl\u00e1d\u00e1m o odstr\u00e1nenie obsahu zverejnen\u00e9ho na serveroch<\/a> ich \u00fazem\u00ed, ktor\u00fd kritizuje \u010d\u00ednsky re\u017eim alebo ktor\u00fd diskutuje o skupin\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 re\u017eim v \u010c\u00edne zakazuje, ako je Falun Gong. Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty tak\u00e9to \u017eiadosti odmietaj\u00fa, ale in\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eu pod\u013eahn\u00fa\u0165 poku\u0161eniu ust\u00fapi\u0165, najm\u00e4 po tom, \u010do \u010c\u00edna podnikla odvetn\u00e9 akcie proti odmietnutiu USA, ke\u010f za\u010dala kybernetick\u00e9 \u00fatoky na zdroje materi\u00e1lov. Liga slobody internetu poskytne povzbudenie in\u00fdm krajin\u00e1m, aby odmietli tak\u00e9to po\u017eiadavky \u010c\u00edny: to by bolo v rozpore s pravidlami, a in\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 krajiny pom\u00f4\u017eu chr\u00e1ni\u0165 ich pred ak\u00fdmiko\u013evek odvetn\u00fdmi opatreniami.<\/p>\n

Liga bude potrebova\u0165 mechanizmus kontroly za dodr\u017eiavanie svojich pravidiel \u010dlenmi. Efekt\u00edvnym n\u00e1strojom na to m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 udr\u017eiavanie a zverej\u0148ovanie ukazovate\u013eov v\u00fdkonnosti ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edka. Ale model pre pr\u00edsnej\u0161iu formu hodnotenia sa d\u00e1 n\u00e1js\u0165 v Cielovej skupine pre finan\u010dn\u00e9 opatrenia, organiz\u00e1cii na boj proti praniu \u0161pinav\u00fdch pe\u0148az\u00ed, ktor\u00e1 bola vytvoren\u00e1 G-7 a Eur\u00f3pskou komisiou v roku 1989 a je financovan\u00e1 jej \u010dlenmi. Na 37 \u010dlensk\u00fdch kraj\u00edn FATF pripad\u00e1 v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina finan\u010dn\u00fdch oper\u00e1ci\u00ed na svete. \u00da\u010dastn\u00edci sa dohodn\u00fa prija\u0165 desiatky polit\u00edk, vr\u00e1tane kriminaliz\u00e1cie prania \u0161pinav\u00fdch pe\u0148az\u00ed a financovania terorizmu, a po\u017eaduj\u00fa od b\u00e1nk, aby vykon\u00e1vali riadnu kontrolu svojich klientov. Namiesto pr\u00edsneho centralizovan\u00e9ho monitoringu FATF pou\u017e\u00edva syst\u00e9m, v ktorom ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlen po sebe presk\u00fama \u00fasilie ostatn\u00fdch a poskytne odpor\u00fa\u010dania. Krajiny, ktor\u00e9 nedodr\u017eiavaj\u00fa po\u017eadovan\u00fa politiku, s\u00fa zaraden\u00e9 do tzv. \u201e\u0161ed\u00e9ho zoznamu\u201c FATF, \u010do vy\u017eaduje podrobnej\u0161ie presk\u00famanie. Zlo\u010dinci m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 zaraden\u00ed do \u201e\u010dierneho zoznamu\u201c, \u010d\u00edm sa banky zav\u00e4zuj\u00fa k presk\u00famaniu klientov, \u010do m\u00f4\u017ee spomali\u0165 alebo dokonca zastavi\u0165 mnoh\u00e9 transakcie.<\/p>\n

Ako m\u00f4\u017ee Liga vo\u013en\u00e9ho internetu zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 zlovestn\u00e9mu spr\u00e1vaniu vo svojich \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch? Znovu existuje model medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu verejn\u00e9ho zdravia. Liga vytvor\u00ed a financuje in\u0161tit\u00faciu, podobn\u00fa Svetovej zdravotn\u00edckej organiz\u00e1cii, ktor\u00e1 bude identifikova\u0165 zranite\u013en\u00e9 online syst\u00e9my, informova\u0165 ich vlastn\u00edkov a pracova\u0165 na ich posilnen\u00ed (anal\u00f3g svetov\u00fdch o\u010dkovac\u00edch kampan\u00ed WHO); detekova\u0165 a reagova\u0165 na vznikaj\u00face \u0161kodliv\u00e9 programy a botnety, sk\u00f4r ako sp\u00f4sobia rozsiahle \u0161kody (ekvivalent monitorovania v\u00fdskytu infekci\u00ed); a prevzia\u0165 zodpovednos\u0165 za reakciu, ak prevencia zlyh\u00e1 (ekvivalent reakcie WHO na pand\u00e9mie). \u010clenovia ligy sa tie\u017e dohodn\u00fa zdr\u017eova\u0165 sa uskuto\u010d\u0148ovania \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch kybernetick\u00fdch \u00fatokov proti sebe v \u010dase pokoja. Tak\u00fdto z\u00e1v\u00e4zok samozrejme nezabr\u00e1n\u00ed Spojen\u00fdm \u0161t\u00e1tom alebo ich spojencom zah\u00e1ji\u0165 kybernetick\u00e9 \u00fatoky proti oponentom, ktor\u00ed pravdepodobne zostan\u00fa mimo ligy, ako je Ir\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Budovanie bari\u00e9r<\/h2>\n

\nVytvorenie Ligy vo\u013en\u00e9ho internetu by si vy\u017eiadalo radik\u00e1lnu zmenu myslenia. My\u0161lienka, \u017ee pripojenie na internet nakoniec transformuje autorit\u00e1rske re\u017eimy \u2013 je to pekn\u00e9 prianie. Ale nie je to pravda, to sa nestane. Neochota prija\u0165 t\u00fato realitu je najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou prek\u00e1\u017ekou alternat\u00edvneho pr\u00edstupu. Av\u0161ak \u010dasom sa uk\u00e1\u017ee, \u017ee technologick\u00fd utopizmus \u00e9ry vzniku internetu nie je v s\u00fa\u010dasnom svete na mieste.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e1padn\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti pravdepodobne bud\u00fa odporova\u0165 vytvoreniu Ligy vo\u013en\u00e9ho internetu, preto\u017ee sa sna\u017eia upokoji\u0165 \u010c\u00ednu a z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edstup na \u010d\u00ednsky trh, preto\u017ee ich dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00e9 re\u0165azce s\u00fa vo ve\u013ekej miere z\u00e1visl\u00e9 od \u010d\u00ednskych v\u00fdrobcov. Av\u0161ak n\u00e1klady t\u00fdchto firiem bud\u00fa \u010diasto\u010dne kompenzovan\u00e9 faktom, \u017ee oddelen\u00edm od \u010c\u00edny liga efekt\u00edvne ochr\u00e1ni ich pred konkurenciou z jej strany.<\/p>\n

Liga vo\u013en\u00e9ho internetu na vzor schengenskej z\u00f3ny je jedin\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, ako zabezpe\u010di\u0165 internet pred hrozbami, ktor\u00e9 predstavuj\u00fa autorit\u00e1rske \u0161t\u00e1ty a in\u00ed \u201ezlodeji\u201c. Tak\u00fdto syst\u00e9m bude zjavne menej glob\u00e1lny ako s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00fd vo\u013ene \u0161\u00edriaci sa internet. Ale len zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00edm n\u00e1kladov na zl\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie m\u00f4\u017eu Spojen\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty a ich priatelia d\u00fafa\u0165 v zn\u00ed\u017eenie nebezpe\u010denstva kyberzlo\u010dinu a obmedzenie \u0161k\u00f4d, ktor\u00e9 tak\u00e9 re\u017eimy ako v Pekingu a Moskve m\u00f4\u017eu internetu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165.<\/p>\n

Autori:<\/p>\n

RICHARD A. CLARKE je predsedom a gener\u00e1lnym riadite\u013eom spolo\u010dnosti Good Harbor Security Risk Management. Sl\u00fa\u017eil v americkej vl\u00e1de ako osobitn\u00fd poradca prezidenta pre bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 v kybernetickom priestore, osobitn\u00fd asistent prezidenta pre glob\u00e1lne z\u00e1le\u017eitosti a n\u00e1rodn\u00fd koordin\u00e1tor pre bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a boj proti terorizmu.<\/p>\n

ROB KNAKE je hlavn\u00fd vedeck\u00fd pracovn\u00edk Rady pre medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy a hlavn\u00fd vedeck\u00fd pracovn\u00edk In\u0161tit\u00fatu glob\u00e1lnej udr\u017eate\u013enosti na Severov\u00fdchodnej univerzite. Bol riadite\u013eom pre kybernetick\u00fa politiku v Rade n\u00e1rodnej bezpe\u010dnosti od roku 2011 do 2015.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Zdroj: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u041e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f? \u0416\u0435\u043d\u0449\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u043a\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043a\u0430\u0444\u0435, \u0438\u044e\u043b\u044c 2011 Im Chi Yin \/ The New York Times \/ Redux \u041c-\u0434\u0430, \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0451\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u00bb. \u041e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043d\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u00ab\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0434\u044b\u00bb. C\u0432\u043e\u0451 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0445. \u042d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":29236,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38969","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Liga vo\u013en\u00e9ho internetu | ProHoster","description":"Ako \u010deli\u0165 autorit\u00e1rskym re\u017eimom na internete.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/liga-svobodnogo-interneta__trashed","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sk_SK","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041b\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435 .","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/liga-svobodnogo-interneta__trashed","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T19:27:06+00:00","article:modified_time":"2026-05-20T17:11:21+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"38969","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-24 00:12:19","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 00:59:27","updated":"2026-01-24 00:12:19","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38969","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38969"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38969\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":164354,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38969\/revisions\/164354"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29236"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38969"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38969"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38969"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}