{"id":39037,"date":"2019-10-31T22:27:31","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kniga-egoistichnaya-mitohondriya-kak-sohranit-zdorove-i-otodvinut-starost\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T22:27:31","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T19:27:31","slug":"kniga-egoistichnaya-mitohondriya-kak-sohranit-zdorove-i-otodvinut-starost","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/kniga-egoistichnaya-mitohondriya-kak-sohranit-zdorove-i-otodvinut-starost","title":{"rendered":"Kniha \u201eEgoistick\u00e1 mitochondria. Ako zachova\u0165 zdravie a oddiali\u0165 starnutie\u201c","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/piter\/blog\/471704\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kniha \u201eEgoistick\u00e1 mitochondria. Ako zachova\u0165 zdravie a oddiali\u0165 starnutie\u201c\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/d320068deaa5cc852485a11db0f87917.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex> Sen je ka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dloveka \u2013 zosta\u0165 \u010do najdlh\u0161ie mlad\u00fdm. Neprajeme si starn\u00fa\u0165 a ochorie\u0165, boj\u00edme sa v\u0161etk\u00e9ho \u2013 rakoviny, Alzheimerovej choroby, infarktu, cievnej mozgovej pr\u00edhody\u2026 Po\u010fme sa pozrie\u0165, odkia\u013e sa rakovina berie, \u010di existuje s\u00favislos\u0165 medzi srdcov\u00fdm zlyhan\u00edm a Alzheimerovou chorobou, neplodnos\u0165ou a stratou sluchu. Pre\u010do niektor\u00e9 antioxidanty m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 viac \u0161kody ako \u00fa\u017eitku? A hlavne: m\u00f4\u017eeme \u017ei\u0165 dlh\u00fd a zdrav\u00fd \u017eivot, a ak \u00e1no, ako?<\/p>\n<p>V na\u0161om tele pracuj\u00fa drobn\u00e9 \u201eenergetick\u00e9 stanice\u201c \u2013 mitochondrie. Pr\u00e1ve oni s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00ed za na\u0161e zdravie a dobr\u00fa pohodu. Ke\u010f funguj\u00fa spr\u00e1vne, nem\u00e1me nedostatok energie. A ke\u010f zle \u2013 trp\u00edme chorobami. Doktor Lee Now odha\u013euje tajomstv\u00e1: choroby, ktor\u00e9 sa na prv\u00fd poh\u013ead zdaj\u00fa nes\u00favisiace: diabetes, rakovina, schizofr\u00e9nia, chronick\u00e1 \u00fanava, Parkinsonova choroba a \u010fal\u0161ie \u2013 maj\u00fa spolo\u010dn\u00fd p\u00f4vod.<\/p>\n<p>Dnes u\u017e vieme, ako zlep\u0161i\u0165 funkciu mitochondri\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa energiu pre na\u0161e telo na 90 %. V tejto knihe n\u00e1jdete aktu\u00e1lne inform\u00e1cie o v\u00fd\u017eive, \u017eivotnom \u0161t\u00fdle, ketog\u00e9nnej di\u00e9tne a doplnkoch, ktor\u00e9 vracaj\u00fa zdravie mitochondri\u00e1m a t\u00fdm p\u00e1dom aj n\u00e1m.<br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>\u00daryvok. Mitochondri\u00e1lny syndr\u00f3m<\/h3>\n<p>\nC\u00edtim sa nekomfortne, ke\u010f to prizn\u00e1vam, ale bol som div\u00e1kom reality show \u201eS\u00fa\u0165a\u017e\u201c. Ve\u013emi ma zaujal tret\u00ed epiz\u00f3d 17. sez\u00f3ny (janu\u00e1r 2013), v ktorom Sin (s\u00fa\u0165a\u017eiaci) a Ashley (kandid\u00e1tka) i\u0161li na stretnutie s dvoma diev\u010datami trpiacimi chorobou mitochondri\u00ed. Pre mnoh\u00fdch z v\u00e1s, ak ste epiz\u00f3du videli, to bolo prv\u00e9 obozn\u00e1menie s mitochondri\u00e1lnym syndr\u00f3mom (mitochondri\u00e1lny syndr\u00f3m je komplex ochoren\u00ed spojen\u00fdch so vroden\u00fdmi po\u0161koden\u00edm mitochondri\u00ed). Av\u0161ak t\u00e1to skupina ochoren\u00ed je sk\u00faman\u00e1 \u010doraz kvalitnej\u0161ie, ako technol\u00f3gie genetick\u00e9ho testovania a sekvenovania DNA sa st\u00e1vaj\u00fa jednoduch\u0161\u00edmi, lacnej\u0161\u00edmi a dostupnej\u0161\u00edmi. <\/p>\n<p>Do za\u010diatku 80. rokov 20. storo\u010dia, ke\u010f bol gen\u00f3m mitochondri\u00ed \u010dloveka \u00faplne sekvenovan\u00fd, sa spr\u00e1vy o mitochondri\u00e1lnych chorob\u00e1ch vyskytovali zriedkavo. Situ\u00e1cia sa zmenila so z\u00edskan\u00edm mo\u017enosti de\u0161ifrova\u0165 mtDNA mnoh\u00fdch pacientov. To viedlo k prudk\u00e9mu n\u00e1rastu po\u010dtu registrovan\u00fdch pacientov trpiacich dedi\u010dn\u00fdmi mitochondri\u00e1lnymi chorobami. T\u00fdchto pacientov je pribli\u017ene jeden z piatich (alebo dokonca dvoch a pol) tis\u00edc \u013eud\u00ed. Tu nezapo\u010d\u00edtavame \u013eud\u00ed s nev\u00fdrazn\u00fdmi formami mitochondri\u00e1lnych ochoren\u00ed. Okrem toho sa dramaticky roz\u0161\u00edril aj zoznam znakov mitochondri\u00e1lneho syndr\u00f3mu, \u010do sved\u010d\u00ed o chaotickej povahe t\u00fdchto ochoren\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>Mitochondri\u00e1lne choroby s\u00fa charakterizovan\u00e9 mimoriadne zlo\u017eit\u00fdmi genetick\u00fdmi a klinick\u00fdmi obrazmi, predstavuj\u00facimi mix z ve\u013emi \u0161irok\u00e9ho spektra existuj\u00facich diagnostick\u00fdch kateg\u00f3ri\u00ed. Vzory dedi\u010dnosti tu niekedy podliehaj\u00fa, a niekedy nepodliehaj\u00fa Mendelov\u00fdm z\u00e1konom. Mendel op\u00edsal pravidl\u00e1 dedi\u010dnosti znakov prostredn\u00edctvom norm\u00e1lnych g\u00e9nov jadrovej DNA. Pravdepodobnos\u0165 vzniku genetick\u00e9ho znaku alebo dedi\u010dnej choroby sa \u013eahko vypo\u010d\u00edta na z\u00e1klade kvantitat\u00edvnej predpovede v\u00fdsledkov rozdelenia potomstva pod\u013ea r\u00f4znych kvalitativn\u00fdch znakov prostredn\u00edctvom n\u00e1hodn\u00e9ho dedi\u010dstva jednej z dvoch k\u00f3pi\u00ed toho ist\u00e9ho g\u00e9nu od ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z rodi\u010dov (v d\u00f4sledku \u010doho ka\u017ed\u00fd z potomkov dost\u00e1va dve k\u00f3pie ka\u017ed\u00e9ho g\u00e9nu). V pr\u00edpadoch, ke\u010f je mitochondri\u00e1lny syndr\u00f3m sp\u00f4soben\u00fd defektom jadrov\u00fdch g\u00e9nov, pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 vzory dedi\u010dnosti skuto\u010dne nasleduj\u00fa Mendelove pravidl\u00e1. Existuj\u00fa v\u0161ak dva typy gen\u00f3mov, ktor\u00e9 zabezpe\u010duj\u00fa fungovanie mitochondri\u00ed: mitochondri\u00e1lna DNA (pred\u00e1van\u00e1 iba materskou l\u00edniou) a jadrov\u00e1 DNA (deden\u00e1 od oboch rodi\u010dov). V d\u00f4sledku toho sa typy dedi\u010dnosti l\u00ed\u0161ia od autoz\u00f3movo-dominantn\u00fdch po autoz\u00f3movo-reces\u00edvne, ako aj po prenose genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu materskou l\u00edniou. <\/p>\n<p>Situ\u00e1ciu e\u0161te viac komplikuje skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee v bunke medzi mtDNA a yDNA vznikaj\u00fa zlo\u017eit\u00e9 interakcie. V d\u00f4sledku toho m\u00f4\u017eu rovnak\u00e9 mut\u00e1cie mtDNA vyvol\u00e1va\u0165 v\u00fdrazne rozdielne sympt\u00f3my u s\u00farodencov \u017eij\u00facich v tej istej rodine (m\u00f4\u017eu ma\u0165 odli\u0161n\u00fa jadrov\u00fa DNA, ale identick\u00fa mtDNA), zatia\u013e \u010do mut\u00e1cie m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobova\u0165 identick\u00e9 sympt\u00f3my. Dokonca aj u dvoj\u010diat s rovnakou diagn\u00f3zou m\u00f4\u017eu existova\u0165 radik\u00e1lne odli\u0161n\u00e9 klinick\u00e9 prejavy ochorenia (konkr\u00e9tne sympt\u00f3my z\u00e1visia od toho, ktor\u00e9 tkaniv\u00e1 s\u00fa postihnut\u00e9 patologick\u00fdm procesom), zatia\u013e \u010do \u013eudia s mut\u00e1ciami m\u00f4\u017eu trpie\u0165 podobn\u00fdmi sympt\u00f3mami, ktor\u00e9 sa prejavuj\u00fa v rovnakom r\u00e1mci ochorenia. <\/p>\n<p>Napriek tomu v materskej vaj\u00ed\u010dkovej bunke existuje ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo vari\u00e1ci\u00ed mtDNA, a tento fakt znehodnocuje v\u0161etky predpovede t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa v\u00fdsledkov genetick\u00e9ho dedi\u010dstva. Povaha tejto skupiny ochoren\u00ed je nato\u013eko chaotick\u00e1, \u017ee s\u00fabor sympt\u00f3mov s\u00favisiacich s uveden\u00fdmi ochoreniami sa m\u00f4\u017ee meni\u0165 z desa\u0165ro\u010dia na desa\u0165ro\u010die a l\u00ed\u0161i\u0165 sa dokonca aj u s\u00farodencov s identick\u00fdmi mut\u00e1ciami DNA mitochondri\u00ed. Navy\u0161e, niekedy m\u00f4\u017ee mitochondri\u00e1lny syndr\u00f3m jednoducho zmizn\u00fa\u0165, aj ke\u010f bol (alebo mal by\u0165) zdeden\u00fd. No tak\u00e9 \u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 pr\u00edpady s\u00fa zriedkav\u00e9 a \u010dastej\u0161ie mitochondri\u00e1lne ochorenia postupuj\u00fa. V tabu\u013ek\u00e1ch 2.2 a 2.3 s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 ochorenia a sympt\u00f3my spojen\u00e9 s mitochondri\u00e1lnou dysfunkciou, ako aj genetick\u00e9 faktory t\u00fdchto ochoren\u00ed. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je vede zn\u00e1mych viac ako 200 typov mut\u00e1ci\u00ed mitochondri\u00ed. V\u00fdsledky v\u00fdskumov nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee mno\u017estvo degenerat\u00edvnych ochoren\u00ed je sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch mut\u00e1ciami tohto druhu (to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee by sme mali prekategorizova\u0165 obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo ochoren\u00ed a presun\u00fa\u0165 ich do kateg\u00f3rie mitochondri\u00e1lnych ochoren\u00ed). <\/p>\n<p>Ako je n\u00e1m zn\u00e1me, tieto mut\u00e1cie m\u00f4\u017eu vies\u0165 k tomu, \u017ee mitochondrie prestan\u00fa vykon\u00e1va\u0165 funkciu v\u00fdroby energie, v d\u00f4sledku \u010doho m\u00f4\u017eu bunky preru\u0161i\u0165 svoju \u010dinnos\u0165 alebo zomrie\u0165. V\u0161etky bunky (okrem \u010derven\u00fdch krvinky) obsahuj\u00fa mitochondrie, a preto mitochondri\u00e1lny syndr\u00f3m ovplyv\u0148uje mnohokomponentn\u00e9 a ve\u013emi r\u00f4znorod\u00e9 syst\u00e9my organizmu (s\u00fa\u010dasne alebo postupne).<\/p>\n<p>Tabu\u013ea 2.2. Znaky, sympt\u00f3my a ochorenia sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 mitochondri\u00e1lnou dysfunkciou<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kniha \u201eEgoistick\u00e1 mitochondria. Ako zachova\u0165 zdravie a oddiali\u0165 starnutie\u201c\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/8cf02107cc45962c50e063714c2a350f.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nTabu\u013ea 2.3. Vroden\u00e9 ochorenia sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 mitochondri\u00e1lnou dysfunkciou<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Kniha \u201eEgoistick\u00e1 mitochondria. Ako zachova\u0165 zdravie a oddiali\u0165 starnutie\u201c\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/2feee61f1963b425e9bb79a063e93bed.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\nSamozrejme, niektor\u00e9 org\u00e1ny alebo tkaniv\u00e1 potrebuj\u00fa energiu viac ako in\u00e9. Ke\u010f energetick\u00e9 potreby konkr\u00e9tneho org\u00e1nu nem\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 \u00faplne uspokojen\u00e9, za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00fa sa prejavova\u0165 sympt\u00f3my mitochondri\u00e1lneho syndr\u00f3mu. Predov\u0161etk\u00fdm ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa funkcie mozgu, nervov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, svalov, srdca, obli\u010diek a endokrinn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu, teda v\u0161etk\u00fdch org\u00e1nov, ktor\u00e9 na norm\u00e1lne fungovanie vy\u017eaduj\u00fa ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo energie.<\/p>\n<h3>Z\u00edskan\u00e9 ochorenia sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 mitochondri\u00e1lnou dysfunkciou<\/h3>\n<p>\nKe\u010f na\u0161e ch\u00e1pania mitochondri\u00e1lnej funkcie a dysfunkcie r\u00e1stlo, za\u010dali sme vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 dlh\u00fd zoznam chor\u00f4b, ktor\u00fdch z\u00e1kladom je mitochondri\u00e1lna dysfunkcia, a objasni\u0165 mechanizmy vzniku a v\u00fdvoja t\u00fdchto neduhov. D\u00e1ta z niektor\u00fdch posledn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00fa, \u017ee mitochondri\u00e1lnym syndr\u00f3mom trp\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd 2500. \u010dlovek. Av\u0161ak ak si pozorne pre\u0161tudujete ni\u017e\u0161ie uveden\u00fd zoznam, s\u00fahlas\u00edte s t\u00fdm, \u017ee s vysokou pravdepodobnos\u0165ou bud\u00fa mitochondri\u00e1lne ochorenia (vroden\u00e9 alebo z\u00edskan\u00e9) \u010doskoro zaznamenan\u00e9 u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho dvadsiateho piateho alebo dokonca u ka\u017ed\u00e9ho desiateho obyvate\u013ea kraj\u00edn Z\u00e1padu.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Diabetes 2. typu<\/li>\n<li>Rakovinov\u00e9 ochorenia<\/li>\n<li>Alzheimerova choroba<\/li>\n<li>Parkinsonova choroba<\/li>\n<li>Bipol\u00e1rna afekt\u00edvna porucha<\/li>\n<li>Schizofr\u00e9nia<\/li>\n<li>Starnutie a slabos\u0165<\/li>\n<li>\u00dazkostn\u00e1 porucha<\/li>\n<li>Nealkoholov\u00e1 steatohepatit\u00edda<\/li>\n<li>Kardiovaskul\u00e1rne ochorenia<\/li>\n<li>Sarkop\u00e9nia (strata svalovej hmoty a sily)<\/li>\n<li>Nezn\u00e1\u0161anlivos\u0165 fyzickej n\u00e1mahy<\/li>\n<li>\u00danava, vr\u00e1tane syndr\u00f3mu chronickej \u00fanavy, fibromyalgie a miofascialnej bolesti<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nNa genetickej \u00farovni s\u00fa s t\u00fdmto v\u0161etk\u00fdm spojen\u00e9 ve\u013emi zlo\u017eit\u00e9 procesy. Energetick\u00fa silu konkr\u00e9tnej osoby je mo\u017en\u00e9 ur\u010di\u0165 presk\u00faman\u00edm vroden\u00fdch por\u00fach jej mitochondri\u00e1lnej DNA. Ale to je iba v\u00fdchodiskov\u00fd bod. S \u010dasom sa v tele hromadia z\u00edskan\u00e9 defekty mtDNA a po prekro\u010den\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9ho prahu v nejakom org\u00e1ne za\u010dne zlyh\u00e1va\u0165, alebo sa st\u00e1va n\u00e1chyln\u00fdm na degener\u00e1ciu (ka\u017ed\u00fd org\u00e1n m\u00e1 svoj prah trpezlivosti, o \u010dom sa budeme podrobnej\u0161ie bavi\u0165). <\/p>\n<p>\u010eal\u0161ia zlo\u017eitost spo\u010d\u00edva v tom, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 mitochondria obsahuje a\u017e desa\u0165 k\u00f3pi\u00ed mtDNA, a ka\u017ed\u00e1 bunka, ka\u017ed\u00e1 tk\u00e1\u0148 a ka\u017ed\u00fd org\u00e1n maj\u00fa mno\u017estvo mitochondri\u00ed. Odtia\u013e vypl\u00fdva, \u017ee v na\u0161om tele je neprebern\u00e9 mno\u017estvo defektov v k\u00f3pi\u00e1ch mtDNA. Dysfunkcia konkr\u00e9tneho org\u00e1nu za\u010d\u00edna, ke\u010f percento defekt\u00edvnych mitochondri\u00ed v \u0148om prevy\u0161uje ur\u010dit\u00fa hodnotu. Tento jav sa naz\u00fdva prahov\u00fd efekt. Ka\u017ed\u00fd org\u00e1n a ka\u017ed\u00e1 tkanina s\u00fa n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 na \u0161pecifick\u00e9 mut\u00e1cie a maj\u00fa svoj vlastn\u00fd muta\u010dn\u00fd prah, energetick\u00e9 potreby a odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di p\u00f4sobeniu vo\u013en\u00fdch radik\u00e1lov. Kombin\u00e1cia t\u00fdchto faktorov ur\u010duje, ak\u00e1 konkr\u00e9tne bude reakcia \u017eivej s\u00fastavy na genetick\u00e9 poruchy. <\/p>\n<p>Ak s\u00fa defekt\u00edvne iba 10 % mitochondri\u00ed, 90 % zvy\u0161n\u00fdch norm\u00e1lnych gener\u00e1torov bunkovej energie m\u00f4\u017ee kompenzova\u0165 dysfunkciu svojich \u201ekolegov\u201c. Alebo, ak je mut\u00e1cia pomerne mierna, ale zasiahla ve\u013ek\u00e9 mno\u017estvo mitochondri\u00ed, bunka m\u00f4\u017ee aj tak fungova\u0165 norm\u00e1lne. <\/p>\n<p>Existuje tie\u017e koncept segreg\u00e1cie defektn\u00fdch mitochondri\u00ed: pri delen\u00ed bunky sa jej mitochondrie n\u00e1hodne rozdelia medzi dve dc\u00e9rske bunky. Jedna z t\u00fdchto buniek m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00edska\u0165 v\u0161etky mutovan\u00e9 mitochondrie, zatia\u013e \u010do druh\u00e1 m\u00f4\u017ee z\u00edska\u0165 v\u0161etky funk\u010dn\u00e9 'elektr\u00e1rne' (samozrejme, pravdepodobnej\u0161ie s\u00fa medzi-varianty). Bunky s dysfunk\u010dn\u00fdmi mitochondriami uhyn\u00fa v procese apopt\u00f3zy, zatia\u013e \u010do zdrav\u00e9 bud\u00fa pokra\u010dova\u0165 vo svojej pr\u00e1ci (jedno z vysvetlen\u00ed n\u00e1hleho a neo\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e9ho zmiznutia mitochondri\u00e1lneho syndr\u00f3mu). Fenom\u00e9n rozdielov v sekvencii DNA mitochondri\u00ed (alebo plastidov) v rovnakom organizme, \u010dasto dokonca v jednej bunke, ke\u010f niektor\u00e9 mitochondrie m\u00f4\u017eu obsahova\u0165 nejak\u00fa patologick\u00fa mut\u00e1ciu a in\u00e9 nie, sa naz\u00fdva heteroplazmia. Stupe\u0148 heteroplazmie sa l\u00ed\u0161i aj u \u010dlenov rovnakej rodiny. Navy\u0161e, \u00farove\u0148 heteroplazmie sa m\u00f4\u017ee meni\u0165 aj v r\u00e1mci jedn\u00e9ho organizmu v z\u00e1vislosti od konkr\u00e9tneho org\u00e1nu alebo konkr\u00e9tnej bunky, \u010do vedie k ve\u013emi \u0161irok\u00e9mu spektru manifest\u00e1ci\u00ed a sympt\u00f3mov r\u00f4znych mitochondri\u00e1lnych ochoren\u00ed. <\/p>\n<p>V tele rast\u00faceho embrya, ke\u010f sa bunky delia, sa mitochondrie s mut\u00e1ciami \u0161\u00edria do org\u00e1nov a tkan\u00edv, ktor\u00e9 sa l\u00ed\u0161ia svojimi energetick\u00fdmi potrebami. A ak s\u00fa mutovan\u00e9 mitochondrie vo ve\u013ekom mno\u017estve pr\u00edtomn\u00e9 v bunk\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 sa \u010dasom transformuj\u00fa na metabolicky akt\u00edvne \u0161trukt\u00fary (napr\u00edklad mozog alebo srdce), doty\u010dn\u00fd organizmus m\u00e1 nesk\u00f4r probl\u00e9my s kvalitou \u017eivota (ak je v\u00f4bec \u017eivotaschopn\u00fd). Na druhej strane, ak sa hromad\u00ed mno\u017estvo dysfunk\u010dn\u00fdch mitochondri\u00ed predov\u0161etk\u00fdm v bunk\u00e1ch s n\u00edzkou intenzitou metabolizmu (povedzme, v ko\u017en\u00fdch bunk\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 sa pravidelne nahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa), nosite\u013e tak\u00fdch mitochondri\u00ed sa mo\u017eno nikdy nedozvie o svojej genetickej predispoz\u00edcii k mitochondri\u00e1lnemu syndr\u00f3mu. V spom\u00ednanom epiz\u00f3de z 'Svadobn\u00e9ho kr\u00e1\u013ea' sa jedna z diev\u010dat s mitochondri\u00e1lnou chorobou zdala by\u0165 \u00faplne norm\u00e1lna, zatia\u013e \u010do druh\u00e1 o\u010dividne trpela v\u00e1\u017enym ochoren\u00edm. <\/p>\n<p>Niektor\u00e9 mitochondri\u00e1lne mut\u00e1cie sa spont\u00e1nne vyv\u00edjaj\u00fa s vekom v d\u00f4sledku tvorby vo\u013en\u00fdch radik\u00e1lov po\u010das be\u017en\u00e9ho metabolizmu. To, \u010do sa deje n\u00e1sledne, z\u00e1vis\u00ed od mno\u017estva faktorov. Napr\u00edklad, ak sa bunka naplnen\u00e1 dysfunk\u010dn\u00fdmi mitochondriami del\u00ed vysokou r\u00fdchlos\u0165ou, ako to robia kme\u0148ov\u00e9 bunky pracuj\u00face na regener\u00e1cii tkan\u00edv, tak defekt\u00edvne gener\u00e1tory energie bud\u00fa akt\u00edvne roz\u0161irova\u0165 svoj vplyv. Ak v\u0161ak oslaben\u00e1 bunka u\u017e nie je schopn\u00e1 deli\u0165 sa (povedzme, \u017ee ide o neur\u00f3n), mut\u00e1cie zostan\u00fa iba v tejto bunke, \u010do v\u0161ak nevylu\u010duje mo\u017enos\u0165 \u00faspe\u0161nej n\u00e1hodnej mut\u00e1cie. Tak\u017ee pr\u00e1ve zlo\u017eitost\u00ed genetick\u00e9ho z\u00e1kladu mitochondri\u00e1lneho syndr\u00f3mu sa vysvet\u013euje fakt, \u017ee vy\u010derpanie bioenergetick\u00fdch zdrojov organizmu sp\u00f4soben\u00e9 mitochondri\u00e1lnymi mut\u00e1ciami sa prejavuje v \u0161irokej \u0161k\u00e1le r\u00f4znych a komplexn\u00fdch chor\u00f4b a sympt\u00f3mov. <\/p>\n<p>Mali by sme si tie\u017e pam\u00e4ta\u0165, \u017ee existuje mno\u017estvo g\u00e9nov mimo mtDNA, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa zodpovedn\u00e9 za norm\u00e1lne fungovanie mitochondri\u00ed. Ak mut\u00e1cia ovplyv\u0148uje g\u00e9ny k\u00f3duj\u00face RNA, n\u00e1sledky s\u00fa zvy\u010dajne ve\u013emi v\u00e1\u017ene. V pr\u00edpadoch, ke\u010f die\u0165a dostane pri svojom po\u010dat\u00ed od niektor\u00e9ho z rodi\u010dov mutovan\u00fd transkrip\u010dn\u00fd faktor mitochondri\u00ed (pripome\u0148me, \u017ee transkrip\u010dn\u00e9 faktory s\u00fa prote\u00edny, ktor\u00e9 kontroluj\u00fa proces synt\u00e9zy mRNA na materskej DNA spojen\u00edm sa so \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi \u010das\u0165ami DNA), bud\u00fa v\u0161etky mitochondrie jeho organizmu vystaven\u00e9 patog\u00e9nnemu vplyvu. Av\u0161ak ak mut\u00e1cia s\u00favis\u00ed iba so \u0161pecifick\u00fdmi transkrip\u010dn\u00fdmi faktormi, ktor\u00e9 sa aktivuj\u00fa len v ur\u010dit\u00fdch org\u00e1noch alebo tkaniv\u00e1ch alebo v reakcii na uvo\u013enenie konkr\u00e9tneho horm\u00f3nu, potom bude zodpovedaj\u00faci patog\u00e9nny \u00fa\u010dinok v\u00fdlu\u010dne lok\u00e1lny.<\/p>\n<p>\u0160irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la mitochondri\u00e1lnych chor\u00f4b a ich manifest\u00e1ci\u00ed predstavuje v\u00e1\u017eny probl\u00e9m pre lek\u00e1rov (\u010di u\u017e teoreticky alebo prakticky), vr\u00e1tane skuto\u010dnej nemo\u017enosti predpoveda\u0165 v\u00fdvoj mitochondri\u00e1lneho syndr\u00f3mu. Existuje to\u013eko mitochondri\u00e1lnych chor\u00f4b, \u017ee ich v\u0161etk\u00fdm je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 jednoducho da\u0165 n\u00e1zvy, a mnoh\u00e9 z nich e\u0161te neboli objaven\u00e9. Rovnako nieko\u013eko zn\u00e1mych degenerat\u00edvnych chor\u00f4b (ochorenia kardiovaskul\u00e1rneho syst\u00e9mu, onkologick\u00e9 choroby, r\u00f4zne formy demencie at\u010f.) modern\u00e1 veda pova\u017euje za dysfunkciu mitochondri\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 si uvedomi\u0165, \u017ee aj ke\u010f neexistuje \u00fapln\u00e1 lie\u010dba mitochondri\u00e1lnych chor\u00f4b, mnoh\u00ed \u013eudia s t\u00fdmito chorobami (najm\u00e4 ak ide o \u013eahk\u00fa alebo stredne \u0165a\u017ek\u00fa formu ochorenia) m\u00f4\u017eu \u017ei\u0165 dlho a plnohodnotne. Av\u0161ak je potrebn\u00e9 systematicky pracova\u0165, pri\u010dom treba vyu\u017ei\u0165 nadobudnut\u00e9 poznatky.<\/p>\n<h3>O autorovi<\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Lee Know<\/b> \u2013 licencovan\u00fd naturopat z Kanady, dr\u017eite\u013e viacer\u00fdch ocenen\u00ed. Kolegovia ho poznaj\u00fa ako prozreteln\u00e9ho podnikate\u013ea, strat\u00e9ga a lek\u00e1ra. Lee zast\u00e1val poz\u00edcie medic\u00ednskeho konzultanta, vedeck\u00e9ho odborn\u00edka a riadite\u013ea pre v\u00fdskum a v\u00fdvoj vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch organiz\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Okrem vedeckej \u010dinnosti vo svojej spolo\u010dnosti je tie\u017e konzultantom v oblasti pr\u00edrodn\u00fdch produktov na zdravie a v\u00fd\u017eivov\u00fdch doplnkov a je \u010dlenom redak\u010dno-poradn\u00e9ho t\u00edmu \u010dasopisu Alive \u2013 naj\u010d\u00edtanej\u0161ieho \u010dasopisu o zdrav\u00ed v Kanade. Naz\u00fdva oblas\u0165 Ve\u013ek\u00e9ho Toronta domovom, kde \u017eije so svojou man\u017eelkou a ich dvoma synmi, a obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 sa zauj\u00edma o posil\u0148ovanie prirodzen\u00e9ho zdravia a ochranu \u017eivotn\u00e9ho prostredia.<\/p>\n<p>\u00bb Podrobnej\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie o knihe n\u00e1jdete na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.piter.com\/collection\/best\/product\/egoistichnaya-mitohondriya-kak-sohranit-zdorovie-i-otodvinut-starost?_gs_cttl=120&amp;gs_direct_link=1&amp;gsaid=82744&amp;gsmid=29789&amp;gstid=c\">webovej str\u00e1nke vydavate\u013ea<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u00bb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/storage.piter.com\/upload\/contents\/978544611021\/978544611021_X.pdf\">Obsah<\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n\u00bb <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/storage.piter.com\/upload\/contents\/978544611021\/978544611021_p.pdf\">\u00daryvok<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Pre Habr \u010ditate\u013eov z\u013eava 25% s kup\u00f3nom \u2014 <b>Mitochondria<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Po zaplaten\u00ed tla\u010denej verzie knihy v\u00e1m na e-mail bude zaslan\u00e1 elektronick\u00e1 kniha.<br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/piter\/blog\/471704\/\">habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041c\u0435\u0447\u0442\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u2014 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0434\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435. \u041c\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u0431\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u043a\u0430, \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0410\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0433\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u2026 \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u043a, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044c\u044e \u0410\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0433\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0445\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044b? \u0418 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435: \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u043b\u0438 \u043c\u044b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":29288,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-39037","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/kniga-egoistichnaya-mitohondriya-kak-sohranit-zdorove-i-otodvinut-starost\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\ud83e\udd47\u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u00ab\u042d\u0433\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0445\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00bb | ProHoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/kniga-egoistichnaya-mitohondriya-kak-sohranit-zdorove-i-otodvinut-starost\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T19:27:31+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2019-10-31T19:27:31+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Kniha \"Egoistick\u00e1 mitochondria. Ako zachova\u0165 zdravie a oddiali\u0165 starnutie\" | ProHoster","description":"","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/kniga-egoistichnaya-mitohondriya-kak-sohranit-zdorove-i-otodvinut-starost","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sk_SK","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u00ab\u042d\u0433\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0445\u043e\u043d\u0434\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044c\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00bb | ProHoster","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/news\/kniga-egoistichnaya-mitohondriya-kak-sohranit-zdorove-i-otodvinut-starost","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2019-10-31T19:27:31+00:00","article:modified_time":"2019-10-31T19:27:31+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"39037","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":"2026-01-24 00:30:19","breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-03-01 00:58:37","updated":"2026-01-24 00:30:19","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39037","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=39037"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39037\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29288"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=39037"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=39037"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=39037"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}