{"id":40138,"date":"2020-01-31T20:49:06","date_gmt":"2020-01-31T17:49:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet"},"modified":"2020-01-31T20:49:06","modified_gmt":"2020-01-31T17:49:06","slug":"katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/katastrofoustojchivoe-oblako-kak-eto-rabotaet","title":{"rendered":"Katastrof\u00e1lne odoln\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby: ako to funguje","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ahoj, Habr! <\/p>\n<p>Po novoro\u010dn\u00fdch oslav\u00e1ch sme znovu spustili katastrof\u00e1lne odoln\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby na dvoch lokalit\u00e1ch. Dnes v\u00e1m povieme, ako to funguje a uk\u00e1\u017eeme, \u010do sa deje s virtu\u00e1lnymi strojmi klientov pri zlyhan\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch prvkov klastre a p\u00e1de celej lokality (spojler \u2013 je s nimi v\u0161etko v poriadku). <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrof\u00e1lne odoln\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby: ako to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/58b56261b55785a76bce3e754c86f6a9.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>\u00dalo\u017eisko katastrof\u00e1lne odoln\u00e9ho cloudu na lokalite OST.<\/i><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h3>\u010co je vo vn\u00fatri<\/h3>\n<p>\nPod kapotou klastre s\u00fa servery Cisco UCS s hyperv\u00edzorom VMware ESXi, dve \u00falo\u017en\u00e9 jednotky INFINIDAT InfiniBox F2240, sie\u0165ov\u00e9 zariadenia Cisco Nexus a SAN prep\u00edna\u010de Brocade. Klastre s\u00fa rozlo\u017een\u00e9 na dve lokalit\u00e1ch \u2013 OST a NORD, teda v ka\u017edom d\u00e1tovom centre identick\u00e1 s\u00faprava zariaden\u00ed. To vlastne rob\u00ed tento syst\u00e9m katastrof\u00e1lne odoln\u00fdm. <\/p>\n<p>V r\u00e1mci jednej lokality s\u00fa aj hlavn\u00e9 prvky zdvojen\u00e9 (hostitelia, SAN prep\u00edna\u010de, sie\u0165).<br \/>\nObe lokality s\u00fa prepojen\u00e9 vyhraden\u00fdmi optick\u00fdmi trasami, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa tie\u017e rezervovan\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>P\u00e1r slov o \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch jednotk\u00e1ch. Prv\u00fa verziu katastrof\u00e1lne odoln\u00e9ho cloudu sme budovali na NetApp. Tu sme si zvolili INFINIDAT a toto s\u00fa d\u00f4vody:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Mo\u017enos\u0165 akt\u00edvneho-du\u00e1lneho replikovania. Umo\u017e\u0148uje virtu\u00e1lnemu stroju zosta\u0165 funk\u010dn\u00fdm aj pri \u00faplnom zlyhan\u00ed jednej z \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch jednotiek. O replik\u00e1cii poviem podrobnej\u0161ie nesk\u00f4r.<\/li>\n<li>Tri diskov\u00e9 kontrol\u00e9ry na zv\u00fd\u0161enie odolnosti syst\u00e9mu. Zvy\u010dajne ich b\u00fdvaj\u00fa dva.<\/li>\n<li>Hotov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie. K n\u00e1m pri\u0161la u\u017e zmontovan\u00e1 skrinka, ktor\u00fa sta\u010d\u00ed pripoji\u0165 do siete a nastavi\u0165.<\/li>\n<li>Pozorn\u00e1 technick\u00e1 podpora. In\u017einieri INFINIDAT neust\u00e1le analyzuj\u00fa logy a udalosti \u00falo\u017en\u00fdch jednotiek, in\u0161taluj\u00fa nov\u00e9 verzie firmv\u00e9ru, pom\u00e1haj\u00fa s nastaven\u00edm.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nTu je p\u00e1r fotiek z unpacking'u:<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrof\u00e1lne odoln\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby: ako to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/b953a56bba9f0308f5fe1b27b356683b.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrof\u00e1lne odoln\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby: ako to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/94b5ceb8565ebe1ef2aacff943e1a9d0.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<h3>Ako to funguje<\/h3>\n<p>\nCloud u\u017e je odoln\u00fd vo\u010di zlyhaniam. Chr\u00e1ni klienta pred jednotliv\u00fdmi hardv\u00e9rov\u00fdmi a softv\u00e9rov\u00fdmi zlyhaniami. Katastrof\u00e1lne odoln\u00fd syst\u00e9m pom\u00f4\u017ee chr\u00e1ni\u0165 pred mas\u00edvnymi v\u00fdpadkami na jednej lokalite: napr\u00edklad zlyhan\u00edm \u00falo\u017enej jednotky (alebo klastre SDS, \u010do sa st\u00e1va celkom \u010dasto \ud83d\ude42 ), masov\u00fdmi chybami v \u00falo\u017enej sieti a podobne. A najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ie: tento cloud zachr\u00e1ni, ke\u010f cel\u00e1 lokalita prestane by\u0165 dostupn\u00e1 kv\u00f4li po\u017eiaru, blackout-u, prevzatiu rukojemn\u00edkmi, inv\u00e1zii mimozem\u0161\u0165anov. <\/p>\n<p>V v\u0161etk\u00fdch t\u00fdchto pr\u00edpadoch virtu\u00e1lne stroje klientov pokra\u010duj\u00fa v \u010dinnosti a tu je d\u00f4vod. <\/p>\n<p>Architekt\u00fara clustera je navrhnut\u00e1 tak, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd ESXi host s klientsk\u00fdmi virtu\u00e1lnymi strojmi mohol pristupova\u0165 k \u013eubovo\u013en\u00e9mu z dvoch SAN. Ak SAN na lokalite OST vypadne, virtu\u00e1lne stroje bud\u00fa pokra\u010dova\u0165 v pr\u00e1ci: hostitelia, na ktor\u00fdch be\u017eia, sa bud\u00fa obraca\u0165 na SAN na NORD pri z\u00edskavan\u00ed d\u00e1t. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrof\u00e1lne odoln\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby: ako to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/996193debdab5b3564c97b05b1e5ba27.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Takto vyzer\u00e1 sch\u00e9ma pripojenia v clustri. <\/i><\/p>\n<p>To je mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u010faka tomu, \u017ee medzi SAN switchmi dvoch lokal\u00edt je nastaven\u00e9 prepojenie Inter-Switch Link: SAN switch Fabric A OST je pripojen\u00fd ku SAN switchu Fabric A NORD, rovnako aj pre SAN switche Fabric B. <\/p>\n<p>Aby v\u0161ak v\u0161etky tieto zlo\u017eitosti SAN switchov d\u00e1vali zmysel, je medzi dvoma SAN nastaven\u00e1 akt\u00edvna-akt\u00edvna replik\u00e1cia: inform\u00e1cie s\u00fa prakticky s\u00fa\u010dasne zapisovan\u00e9 na lok\u00e1lny a vzdialen\u00fd SAN, RPO=0. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee na jednom SAN je ulo\u017een\u00fd origin\u00e1l d\u00e1t, na druhom \u2013 ich replik\u00e1cia. D\u00e1tov\u00e9 replik\u00e1cie s\u00fa spravovan\u00e9 na \u00farovni zv\u00e4zkov SAN, a na nich sa u\u017e ukladaj\u00fa d\u00e1ta VM (jej disky, konfigura\u010dn\u00fd s\u00fabor, swap s\u00fabor a pod.). <\/p>\n<p>ESXi host vid\u00ed hlavn\u00fa zv\u00e4zok a jeho replik\u00e1ciu ako jedno diskov\u00e9 zariadenie (Storage Device). Od ESXi hosta vedie k ka\u017ed\u00e9mu diskov\u00e9mu zariadeniu 24 ciest:<\/p>\n<p>12 ciest sp\u00e1ja ho s lok\u00e1lnym SAN (optim\u00e1lne cesty), zatia\u013e \u010do ostatn\u00fdch 12 \u2013 s vzdialen\u00fdm (neoptim\u00e1lne cesty). V \u0161tandardnej situ\u00e1cii sa ESXi obracia na d\u00e1ta na lok\u00e1lnom SAN, pri\u010dom pou\u017e\u00edva \u201eoptim\u00e1lne\u201c cesty. Po zlyhan\u00ed tohto SAN ESXi strat\u00ed optim\u00e1lne cesty a prepn\u00fa sa na \u201eneoptim\u00e1lne\u201c. Takto to vyzer\u00e1 na sch\u00e9me.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrof\u00e1lne odoln\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby: ako to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/e2b61eb8b9db4b882a6d20c0abf9fc4e.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Sch\u00e9ma odoln\u00e9ho clustera vo\u010di katastrof\u00e1m.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>V\u0161etky klientsk\u00e9 siete s\u00fa pripojen\u00e9 na obe lokality cez spolo\u010dn\u00fd sie\u0165ov\u00fd switch. Na ka\u017edej lokalite funguje Provider Edge (PE), na ktorom sa terminuj\u00fa siete klienta. PE s\u00fa spojen\u00e9 do spolo\u010dn\u00e9ho clustera. Pri zlyhan\u00ed PE na jednej lokalite sa cel\u00fd prenos presmeruje na druh\u00fa lokalitu. V\u010faka tomu zost\u00e1vaj\u00fa virtu\u00e1lne stroje z lokality, ktor\u00e1 zostala bez PE, dostupn\u00e9 v sieti pre klienta. <\/p>\n<p>Po\u010fme sa teraz pozrie\u0165, \u010do sa stane s virtu\u00e1lnymi strojmi klienta pri r\u00f4znych zlyhaniach. Za\u010dneme s t\u00fdmi naj\u013eah\u0161\u00edmi variantmi a skon\u010d\u00edme t\u00fdm najz\u00e1va\u017enej\u0161\u00edm \u2013 zlyhan\u00edm celej lokality. V pr\u00edkladoch bude hlavn\u00e1 lokalita OST a z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00e1 s replikami d\u00e1t \u2013 NORD.<\/p>\n<h3>\u010co sa stane s virtu\u00e1lnym strojom klienta, ak\u2026 <\/h3>\n<p>\n<b>Zlyh\u00e1 Replika\u010dn\u00fd Link.<\/b> Replik\u00e1cia medzi SAN dvoch lokal\u00edt sa zastavuje.<br \/>\nESXi bud\u00fa fungova\u0165 len s lok\u00e1lnymi diskov\u00fdmi zariadeniami (po optim\u00e1lnych cest\u00e1ch). <br \/>\nVirtu\u00e1lne stroje pokra\u010duj\u00fa v prev\u00e1dzke.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrof\u00e1lne odoln\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby: ako to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c15c34e54cb456011f3155b30cbe1063.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Nast\u00e1va preru\u0161enie ISL (Inter-Switch Link).<\/b> Pr\u00edpad je m\u00e1lo pravdepodobn\u00fd. Sn\u00e1\u010f len nejak\u00fd \u0161ialen\u00fd bagger vykop\u00e1 nieko\u013eko optick\u00fdch tr\u00e1s, ktor\u00e9 prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi trasami a s\u00fa priveden\u00e9 na miesta cez r\u00f4zne vstupy. Ale aj tak. V tomto pr\u00edpade ESXi hostitelia stratia polovicu ciest a m\u00f4\u017eu sa prihlasova\u0165 iba k svojim lok\u00e1lnym SAN. Repliky s\u00fa zhroma\u017eden\u00e9, ale hostitelia sa k nim nebud\u00fa m\u00f4c\u0165 pripoji\u0165. <\/p>\n<p>Virtu\u00e1lne stroje funguj\u00fa norm\u00e1lne.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrof\u00e1lne odoln\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby: ako to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c6c1b8b4972cd90cdb639fffe623bc1d.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Zlyh\u00e1va SAN prep\u00edna\u010d na jednom z miest.<\/b> ESXi hostitelia str\u00e1caj\u00fa \u010das\u0165 ciest k SAN. V tomto pr\u00edpade hostitelia na mieste, kde zlyhal prep\u00edna\u010d, bud\u00fa fungova\u0165 iba cez jeden svoj HBA. <\/p>\n<p>Virtu\u00e1lne stroje zatia\u013e pokra\u010duj\u00fa v prev\u00e1dzke norm\u00e1lne.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrof\u00e1lne odoln\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby: ako to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/3325765d426751e8717af20f7f122b90.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Zlyh\u00e1vaj\u00fa v\u0161etky SAN prep\u00edna\u010de na jednom z miest.<\/b> Predpokladajme, \u017ee tak\u00e1to nehoda sa stala na mieste OST. V tomto pr\u00edpade ESXi hostitelia na tomto mieste stratia v\u0161etky cesty k svojim diskov\u00fdm zariadeniam. Do akcie vstupuje \u0161tandardn\u00fd mechanizmus VMware vSphere HA: re\u0161tartuje v\u0161etky virtu\u00e1lne stroje na mieste OST v NORDe maxim\u00e1lne do 140 sek\u00fand. <\/p>\n<p>Virtu\u00e1lne stroje pracuj\u00face na hostite\u013eoch miesta NORD funguj\u00fa norm\u00e1lne.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrof\u00e1lne odoln\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby: ako to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c7a129691cd4d6c161e165fd55607206.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Zlyh\u00e1va ESXi hostite\u013e na jednom mieste. <\/b>Tu op\u00e4\u0165 funguje mechanizmus vSphere HA: virtu\u00e1lne stroje zo zlyhaj\u00faceho hostite\u013ea sa re\u0161tartuj\u00fa na in\u00fdch hostite\u013eoch - na tom istom alebo vzdialenom mieste. \u010cas re\u0161tartu virtu\u00e1lneho stroja je a\u017e 1 min\u00fata. <\/p>\n<p>Ak zlyhaj\u00fa v\u0161etci ESXi hostitelia miesta OST, u\u017e niet alternat\u00edvy: VM sa re\u0161tartuj\u00fa na inej. \u010cas re\u0161tartu zost\u00e1va rovnak\u00fd. <\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrof\u00e1lne odoln\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby: ako to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/c00fb5078e0c4df1461187d8896670a4.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Zlyh\u00e1va SAN na jednom mieste.<\/b> Predpokladajme, \u017ee zlyhal SAN na mieste OST. Potom ESXi hostitelia miesta OST prech\u00e1dzaj\u00fa na pr\u00e1cu s replikami SAN v NORDe. Po op\u00e4tovnom uveden\u00ed zlyh\u00e1vaj\u00faceho SAN do prev\u00e1dzky sa uskuto\u010dn\u00ed n\u00fadzov\u00e1 replik\u00e1cia, ESXi hostitelia OST op\u00e4\u0165 za\u010dn\u00fa pristupova\u0165 k lok\u00e1lnemu SAN. <\/p>\n<p>Virtu\u00e1lne stroje po cel\u00fd ten \u010das funguj\u00fa norm\u00e1lne.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrof\u00e1lne odoln\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby: ako to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/87f7e1d012886d963f020768864154a7.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<b>Zlyh\u00e1va jedno z miest.<\/b> V takom pr\u00edpade sa v\u0161etky virtu\u00e1lne stroje re\u0161tartuj\u00fa na z\u00e1lo\u017enom mieste cez mechanizmus vSphere HA. \u010cas re\u0161tartu VM je 140 sek\u00fand. Pri tom zostan\u00fa v\u0161etky sie\u0165ov\u00e9 nastavenia virtu\u00e1lneho stroja zachovan\u00e9 a ost\u00e1va dostupn\u00fd pre klienta cez sie\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Aby sa re\u0161tartovanie strojov na z\u00e1lo\u017enej lokalite uskuto\u010dnilo bez probl\u00e9mov, ka\u017ed\u00e1 lokalita je zaplnen\u00e1 iba z polovice. Druh\u00e1 polovi\u010dka je rezerva pre pr\u00edpad presunu v\u0161etk\u00fdch virtu\u00e1lnych strojov z druhej, postihnutej, lokality.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Katastrof\u00e1lne odoln\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby: ako to funguje\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/62cad7aaf5043f6879dc4a6cbb7b35bb.jpeg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<br \/>\nToto s\u00fa odmietnutia, proti ktor\u00fdm chr\u00e1ni katastroficky odoln\u00e9 cloudov\u00e9 rie\u0161enie zalo\u017een\u00e9 na dvoch d\u00e1tov\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch. <\/p>\n<p>Toto pote\u0161enie nie je lacn\u00e9, ke\u010f\u017ee okrem hlavn\u00fdch zdrojov je potrebn\u00e1 rezerva na druhej lokalite. Preto s\u00fa v tak\u00fdchto cloudoch umiestnen\u00e9 podnikovo kritick\u00e9 slu\u017eby, ktor\u00fdch dlh\u00e1 prestoj m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 ve\u013ek\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00e9 a reputa\u010dn\u00e9 straty, alebo ak s\u00fa na informa\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m kladen\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky na katastrofick\u00fa odolnos\u0165 zo strany regul\u00e1torov alebo intern\u00fdch predpisov firmy.<\/p>\n<p><b>Zdroje:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.infinidat.com\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-pdfs\/DS-INFBOX-190331-US_0.pdf\">www.infinidat.com\/sites\/default\/files\/resource-pdfs\/DS-INFBOX-190331-US_0.pdf<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<li><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/support.infinidat.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/207057109-InfiniBox-best-practices-guides\">support.infinidat.com\/hc\/en-us\/articles\/207057109-InfiniBox-best-practices-guides<\/a><\/noindex><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/dataline\/blog\/486186\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440! 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