{"id":40651,"date":"2020-02-02T21:02:01","date_gmt":"2020-02-02T18:02:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/domashnij-veb-server-na-solnechnyh-batareyah-otrabotal-15-mesyaczev-aptajm-9526"},"modified":"2020-02-02T21:02:01","modified_gmt":"2020-02-02T18:02:01","slug":"domashnij-veb-server-na-solnechnyh-batareyah-otrabotal-15-mesyaczev-aptajm-9526","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/domashnij-veb-server-na-solnechnyh-batareyah-otrabotal-15-mesyaczev-aptajm-9526","title":{"rendered":"Dom\u00e1ci webov\u00fd server na sol\u00e1rne baterky fungoval 15 mesiacov: uptime 95,26%","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Dom\u00e1ci<\/a><\/noindex>
\nPrv\u00fd prototyp slne\u010dn\u00e9ho servera s regul\u00e1torom nab\u00edjania. Foto: solar.lowtechmagazine.com<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

V septembri 2018 nad\u0161enec z Low-tech Magazine spustil projekt \u201en\u00edzkotechnologick\u00e9ho\u201c webov\u00e9ho servera<\/a><\/noindex>. \u00dalohou bolo zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 spotrebu energie tak, aby dom\u00e1cemu self-hosted serveru sta\u010dila jedna slne\u010dn\u00e1 panel. Nie je to jednoduch\u00e9, preto\u017ee webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka mus\u00ed fungova\u0165 24 hod\u00edn denne. Pozrime sa, \u010do sa nakoniec podarilo.<\/p>\n

M\u00f4\u017eete nav\u0161t\u00edvi\u0165 server solar.lowtechmagazine.com<\/a><\/noindex>, skontrolova\u0165 aktu\u00e1lnu spotrebu energie a \u00farove\u0148 nabitia bat\u00e9rie. Webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka je optimalizovan\u00e1 na minim\u00e1lny po\u010det po\u017eiadaviek z str\u00e1nky a minim\u00e1lny prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fd tok, tak\u017ee by mala zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 skok n\u00e1v\u0161tevnosti z Habr. Pod\u013ea v\u00fdpo\u010dtov v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ra je energia na jedn\u00e9ho unik\u00e1tneho n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edka 0,021 W\u22c5h.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nNedlho pred svitan\u00edm 31. janu\u00e1ra 2020 mu zostalo 42 % nabitia bat\u00e9rie. Svitanie v Barcelone je o 8:04 miestneho \u010dasu, potom by mal pr\u00eds\u0165 pr\u00fad zo slne\u010dn\u00e9ho panela.<\/p>\n

\"Dom\u00e1ci
\n<\/p>\n

Pre\u010do?<\/h1>\n

\nPred desiatimi rokmi experti predpovedali<\/a><\/noindex>, \u017ee rozvoj internetu prispeje k \u201edematerializ\u00e1cii\u201c spolo\u010dnosti, celkovej digitaliz\u00e1cii \u2014 a ako d\u00f4sledok k zn\u00ed\u017eeniu celkovej spotreby energie. M\u00fdlili sa. V skuto\u010dnosti internet s\u00e1m po\u017eadoval obrovsk\u00e9 objemy energie<\/a><\/noindex>, a tie objemy na\u010falej rast\u00fa.<\/p>\n

IT spolo\u010dnosti spustili iniciat\u00edvy na prechod na alternat\u00edvne zdroje energie, ale to je v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti nemo\u017en\u00e9. V\u0161etky d\u00e1tov\u00e9 centr\u00e1 spotrebuj\u00fa trikr\u00e1t viac energie, ne\u017e generuj\u00fa v\u0161etky slne\u010dn\u00e9 a vetern\u00e9 zariadenia na svete. Hor\u0161ie je, \u017ee v\u00fdroba a pravideln\u00e1 v\u00fdmena slne\u010dn\u00fdch panelov a vetern\u00fdch turb\u00edn tie\u017e vy\u017eaduje energiu<\/a><\/noindex>, preto je dnes jednoducho nemo\u017en\u00e9 vzda\u0165 sa fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv (ropa, plyn, ur\u00e1n). Ale tieto rezervy na dlh\u00e9 p\u00f4sobenie nebud\u00fa sta\u010di\u0165, tak\u017ee nevyhnutne mus\u00edme prem\u00fd\u0161\u013ea\u0165 o tom, ako \u017ei\u0165 na obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojoch. Vr\u00e1tane prev\u00e1dzky po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, vr\u00e1tane webov\u00fdch serverov.<\/p>\n

Low-tech Magazine pova\u017euje probl\u00e9mom<\/a><\/noindex> pr\u00edli\u0161 r\u00fdchle nafukovanie webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok. Od roku 2010 do 2018 sa priemern\u00e1 ve\u013ekos\u0165 str\u00e1nky zv\u00fd\u0161ila z 0,45 MB na 1,7 MB<\/a><\/noindex>, a na mobiln\u00fdch str\u00e1nkach \u2014 z 0,15 MB na 1,6 MB, pod\u013ea konzervat\u00edvneho odhadu.<\/p>\n

Zv\u00fd\u0161enie objemov toku predbehne pokrok v energetickej efekt\u00edvnosti<\/a><\/noindex> (energia potrebn\u00e1 na prenos 1 megabajtu inform\u00e1ci\u00ed), \u010do sp\u00f4sobuje neust\u00e1ly rast energetickej n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti internetu. \u0164a\u017e\u0161ie a za\u0165a\u017een\u00e9 str\u00e1nky nielen zvy\u0161uj\u00fa z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e na sie\u0165ov\u00fa infra\u0161trukt\u00faru, ale tie\u017e skracuj\u00fa \"\u017eivotn\u00fd cyklus\" po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov a smartf\u00f3nov, ktor\u00e9 je potrebn\u00e9 \u010dastej\u0161ie vyhadzova\u0165 a vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 nov\u00e9, \u010do tie\u017e je dos\u0165 energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd proces<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Samozrejme, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 z\u00e1\u0165a\u017e je sp\u00f4soben\u00e1 aj sp\u00f4sobom \u017eivota: \u013eudia takmer v\u0161etok \u010das tr\u00e1via online a do ve\u013ekej miery sa spoliehaj\u00fa na r\u00f4zne webov\u00e9 slu\u017eby. Modern\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti si u\u017e len \u0165a\u017eko predstavi\u0165 bez cloudovej IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary (soci\u00e1lne siete, messengery, email at\u010f.)<\/p>\n

Konfigur\u00e1cia servera a webovej str\u00e1nky<\/h1>\n

\nV tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku<\/a><\/noindex> podrobne popisuje hardv\u00e9rov\u00fa konfigur\u00e1ciu a softv\u00e9rov\u00fd stack webov\u00e9ho servera.<\/p>\n

Jednoplatni po\u010d\u00edta\u010d Olimex Olinuxino A20 Lime 2<\/a><\/noindex> bol vybran\u00fd kv\u00f4li n\u00edzkej energetickej n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti a u\u017eito\u010dn\u00fdm \u010fal\u0161\u00edm funkci\u00e1m, ako je pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 \u010dipu na spr\u00e1vu nap\u00e1jania AXP209<\/a><\/noindex>. Umo\u017e\u0148uje \u017eiada\u0165 \u0161tatistiku o aktu\u00e1lnom nap\u00e4t\u00ed a pr\u00fade z dosky a bat\u00e9rie. \u010cip automaticky prep\u00edna nap\u00e1janie medzi bat\u00e9riou a DC portom, kam pr\u00fadi energia zo slne\u010dnej panelu. T\u00fdm sa zabezpe\u010duje nepreru\u0161ovan\u00e9 nap\u00e1janie servera s podporou bat\u00e9rie.<\/p>\n

\"Dom\u00e1ci
\nOlimex Olinuxino A20 Lime 2<\/i><\/p>\n

P\u00f4vodne bola ako bat\u00e9ria vybran\u00e1 l\u00edtium-polym\u00e9rov\u00e1 bat\u00e9ria s kapacitou 6600 mA\u22c5h (asi 24 Wh), nesk\u00f4r bola nahraden\u00e1 kyselinovo-olovenou bat\u00e9riou s kapacitou 84,4 Wh.<\/p>\n

Opera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m sa na\u010d\u00edta z SD karty. Hoci OS zaber\u00e1 neviac ako 1 GB a statick\u00e1 webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka okolo 30 MB, neexistoval ekonomick\u00fd zmysel kupova\u0165 kartu men\u0161iu ako Class 10 16 GB.<\/p>\n

Server sa prip\u00e1ja na sie\u0165 cez 100-megabitov\u00e9 dom\u00e1ce pripojenie v Barcelone a \u0161tandardn\u00fd spotrebite\u013esk\u00fd router. Pre neho je rezervovan\u00e1 statick\u00e1 IP adresa. Prakticky ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee zdvihn\u00fa\u0165 tak\u00fato str\u00e1nku vo svojom byte, sta\u010d\u00ed trochu zmeni\u0165 nastavenia firewallu na presmerovanie portov na lok\u00e1lnu IP:<\/p>\n

Port 80 na 80 pre HTTP\nPort 443 na 443 pre HTTPS\nPort 22 na 22 pre SSH<\/pre>\n
\nOpera\u010dn\u00fd syst\u00e9m Armbian Stretch<\/a><\/noindex> na b\u00e1ze distrib\u00facie Debian a jadra SUNXI<\/a><\/noindex>, ktor\u00fd bol vyvinut\u00fd pre jednoplatni\u010dky s \u010dipmi AllWinner.<\/p>\n
\"Dom\u00e1ci
\n50-wattov\u00fd sol\u00e1rny panel pre webov\u00fd server a 10-wattov\u00fd panel pre osvetlenie ob\u00fdvacej izby v byte autora<\/i><\/p>\n
Statick\u00e1 str\u00e1nka bola generovan\u00e1 syst\u00e9mom Pelican<\/a><\/noindex> (gener\u00e1tor webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok na Python). Statick\u00e9 webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky sa na\u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie a nezap\u013a\u0148aj\u00fa CPU, tak\u017ee s\u00fa efekt\u00edvnej\u0161ie ako dynamicky generovan\u00e9 str\u00e1nky, z h\u013eadiska spotreby energie. Zdrojov\u00fd k\u00f3d \u0161abl\u00f3ny sa nach\u00e1dza tu<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
Ve\u013emi d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm aspektom je kompresia obr\u00e1zkov, preto\u017ee bez tejto optimaliz\u00e1cie je prakticky nemo\u017en\u00e9 zmen\u0161i\u0165 webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky na menej ako 1 megabajt. Pre optimaliz\u00e1ciu sa rozhodlo previes\u0165 fotografie na polot\u00f3nov\u00e9 obr\u00e1zky. Na uk\u00e1\u017eku, tu je fotografia diev\u010dat-telefonistiek na prep\u00edna\u010di z minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia, 253 KB<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n
\"Dom\u00e1ci
\n
\nA tu je optimalizovan\u00fd polot\u00f3nov\u00fd obr\u00e1zok s ve\u013ekos\u0165ou 36,5 KB<\/a><\/noindex> so tromi farbami (\u010dierna, biela, \u0161ed\u00e1). V\u010faka optickej il\u00fazii sa div\u00e1kovi zd\u00e1, \u017ee po\u010det farieb je v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed ako tri.<\/p>\n
\"Dom\u00e1ci
\n
\nPolot\u00f3nov\u00e9 fotografie boli vybran\u00e9 nielen na optimaliz\u00e1ciu ve\u013ekosti (rozhodnutie nie celkom ist\u00e9), ale aj z estetick\u00fdch d\u00f4vodov. T\u00e1to star\u00e1 technika spracovania obr\u00e1zkov m\u00e1 ur\u010dit\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fdlov\u00e9 charakteristiky, tak\u017ee web dostal v niektor\u00fdch oh\u013eadoch unik\u00e1tny dizajn.<\/p>\n
623 ilustr\u00e1cie na str\u00e1nke \u010dasopisu Low-tech Magazine sa po optimaliz\u00e1cii zmen\u0161ili zo 194,2 MB na 21,3 MB, teda o 89%.<\/p>\n
V\u0161etky star\u00e9 \u010dl\u00e1nky boli konvertovan\u00e9 do Markdownu na zjednodu\u0161enie p\u00edsania nov\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nkov, ako aj pre jednoduch\u00fa z\u00e1lohu prostredn\u00edctvom git<\/a><\/noindex>. Zo str\u00e1nky boli odstr\u00e1nen\u00e9 v\u0161etky skripty a trackery, ako aj logo. Pou\u017e\u00edva sa predvolen\u00fd font v prehliada\u010di klienta. Ako \"logo\" \u2014 n\u00e1zov \u010dasopisu p\u00edsan\u00fd ve\u013ek\u00fdmi p\u00edsmenami so \u0161\u00edpkou do\u013eava: LOW\u2190TECH MAGAZINE. Celkom 16 bajtov namiesto obr\u00e1zka.<\/p>\n
Na pr\u00edpad v\u00fdpadku je pripraven\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165 \"offline \u010d\u00edtania\": texty a obr\u00e1zky sa exportuj\u00fa do RSS feedu. Zapnut\u00e9 je cacheovanie 100% obsahu, vr\u00e1tane HTML.<\/p>\n
\u010eal\u0161ou optimaliz\u00e1ciou je aktiv\u00e1cia nastavenia HTTP2 v nginx, \u010do mierne zni\u017euje prenos a skracuje \u010das na\u010d\u00edtania str\u00e1nok v porovnan\u00ed s HTTP\/1.1. V tabu\u013eke s\u00fa porovnan\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky pre p\u00e4\u0165 r\u00f4znych str\u00e1nok.<\/p>\n
| | FP | WE | HS | FW | CW |\n|----------|-------|-------|-------|-------|-------|\n| HTTP\/1.1 | 1.46s | 1.87s | 1.54s | 1.86s | 1.89s |\n| HTTP2 | 1.30s | 1.49s | 1.54s | 1.79s | 1.55s |\n| Images | 9 | 21 | 11 | 19 | 23 |\n| savings | 11% | 21% | 0% | 4% | 18% |<\/pre>\n
\u00dapln\u00e1 konfigur\u00e1cia nginx:<\/p>\n
root@solarserver:\u2044var\u2044log\u2044nginx# cat \u2044etc\u2044nginx\u2044sites-enabled\u2044solar.lowtechmagazine.com\n\n# Expires map\nmap $sent_http_content_type $expires {\ndefault off;\ntext\u2044html 7d;\ntext\u2044css max;\napplication\u2044javascript max;\n~image\u2044 max;\n}\n\nserver {\nlisten 80;\nserver_name solar.lowtechmagazine.com;\n\nlocation \u2044 {\nreturn 301 https\u2044\u2044$server_name$request_uri;\n}\n}\n\nserver{\nlisten 443 ssl http2;\nserver_name solar.lowtechmagazine.com;\n\ncharset UTF-8; #zlep\u0161enie r\u00fdchlosti str\u00e1nky odvyslan\u00edm charset s prvou odpove\u010fou.\n\nlocation \u2044 {\nroot \u2044var\u2044www\u2044html\u2044;\nindex index.html;\nautoindex off;\n}\n\n\n#Cache (ulo\u017eenie html str\u00e1nok na 7 dn\u00ed, ostatn\u00e9 \u010do najdlh\u0161ie, \u017eiadne cache na \u00favodnej strane)\nexpires $expires;\n\nlocation @index {\nadd_header Last-Modified $date_gmt;\nadd_header Cache-Control 'no-cache, no-store';\netag off;\nexpires off;\n}\n\n#error_page 404 \u2044404.html;\n\n# presmerovanie chybov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok servera na statick\u00fa str\u00e1nku \u204450x.html\n#error_page 500 502 503 504 \u204450x.html;\n#location = \u204450x.html {\n# root \u2044var\u2044www\u2044;\n#}\n\n#Komprimovanie\n\ngzip on;\ngzip_disable \"msie6\";\ngzip_vary on;\ngzip_comp_level 6;\ngzip_buffers 16 8k;\ngzip_http_version 1.1;\ngzip_types text\u2044plain text\u2044css application\u2044json application\u2044javascript text\u2044xml application\u2044xml application\u2044xml+rss text\u2044javascript;\n\n\n#Cache (ulo\u017eenie html str\u00e1nky na 7 dn\u00ed, ostatn\u00e9 \u010do najdlh\u0161ie)\nexpires $expires;\n\n# Logy\naccess_log \u2044var\u2044log\u2044nginx\u2044solar.lowtechmagazine.com_ssl.access.log;\nerror_log \u2044var\u2044log\u2044nginx\u2044solar.lowtechmagazine.com_ssl.error.log;\n\n# SSL Nastavenia:\nssl_certificate \u2044etc\u2044letsencrypt\u2044live\u2044solar.lowtechmagazine.com\u2044fullchain.pem;\nssl_certificate_key \u2044etc\u2044letsencrypt\u2044live\u2044solar.lowtechmagazine.com\u2044privkey.pem;\n\n# Zlep\u0161ite v\u00fdkonnos\u0165 HTTPS pomocou obnovenia rel\u00e1cie\nssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;\nssl_session_timeout 5m;\n\n# Povoli\u0165 ochranu na strane servera proti \u00fatokom BEAST\nssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;\nssl_ciphers ECDH+AESGCM:ECDH+AES256:ECDH+AES128:DH+3DES:!ADH:!AECDH:!MD5;\n\n# Zakazuje SSLv3\nssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;\n\n# Zn\u00ed\u017eenie ve\u013ekosti vyrovn\u00e1vacej pam\u00e4te pre zv\u00fd\u0161enie TTFB\nssl_buffer_size 4k;\n\n# Diffie-Hellman parameter pre DHE ciphersuites\n# $ sudo openssl dhparam -out \u2044etc\u2044ssl\u2044certs\u2044dhparam.pem 4096\nssl_dhparam \u2044etc\u2044ssl\u2044certs\u2044dhparam.pem;\n\n# Povoli\u0165 HSTS (https\u2044\u2044developer.mozilla.org\u2044en-US\u2044docs\u2044Security\u2044HTTP_Strict_Transport_Security)\nadd_header Strict-Transport-Security \"max-age=63072000; includeSubdomains\";\n\n# Povoli\u0165 OCSP stapling (http\u2044\u2044blog.mozilla.org\u2044security\u20442013\u204407\u204429\u2044ocsp-stapling-in-firefox)\nssl_stapling on;\nssl_stapling_verify on;\nssl_trusted_certificate \u2044etc\u2044letsencrypt\u2044live\u2044solar.lowtechmagazine.com\u2044fullchain.pem;\nresolver 87.98.175.85 193.183.98.66 valid=300s;\nresolver_timeout 5s;\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
<\/p>\n
Ciele 15 mesiacov pr\u00e1ce<\/h1>\n
\nV obdob\u00ed od 12. decembra 2018 do 28. novembra 2019 server vyk\u00e1zal prev\u00e1dzku 95,26%<\/a><\/noindex>. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee kv\u00f4li zl\u00e9mu po\u010dasiu do\u0161lo k v\u00fdpadku po\u010das roka, ktor\u00fd \u010dinil 399 hod\u00edn.<\/p>\n
Av\u0161ak ak ignorujeme posledn\u00e9 dva mesiace, prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e1 doba dosiahla 98,2%, pri\u010dom v\u00fdpadok bol len 152 hod\u00edn, p\u00ed\u0161u v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri. Prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e1 doba klesla na 80% v posledn\u00fdch dvoch mesiacoch, ke\u010f sa spotreba energie zv\u00fd\u0161ila kv\u00f4li aktualiz\u00e1cii softv\u00e9ru. Ka\u017ed\u00fa noc bola str\u00e1nka nedostupn\u00e1 na nieko\u013eko hod\u00edn.<\/p>\n
Pod\u013ea \u0161tatist\u00edk, za rok (od 3. decembra 2018 do 24. novembra 2019) spotreba elektrickej energie serverom dosiahla 9,53 kWh. Boli zaznamenan\u00e9 zna\u010dn\u00e9 straty v fotovoltaickom syst\u00e9me kv\u00f4li prevodu nap\u00e4tia a vybitiu bat\u00e9rie. Sol\u00e1rny regul\u00e1tor uk\u00e1zal ro\u010dn\u00fa spotrebu 18,10 kWh, \u010do znamen\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 syst\u00e9mu okolo 50%.<\/p>\n
\"Dom\u00e1ci
\nZjednodu\u0161en\u00fd diagram. Na \u0148om nie s\u00fa zobrazen\u00e9 nap\u00e4\u0165ov\u00fd prevodn\u00edk z 12 na 5 voltov a bat\u00e9riov\u00fd ukazovate\u013e amp\u00e9r-hod\u00edn.<\/i><\/p>\n
Po\u010das sk\u00faman\u00e9ho obdobia sa na webov\u00fa str\u00e1nku dostalo 865 000 jedine\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkov. Zoh\u013ead\u0148uj\u00fac v\u0161etky straty energie v slne\u010dnej in\u0161tal\u00e1cii, energia na jedn\u00e9ho jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edka dosiahla 0,021 Wh. Tak\u017ee jeden kilowatt-hodina vyr\u00e1banej slne\u010dnej energie sta\u010d\u00ed na obsluhu takmer 50 000 jedine\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkov.<\/p>\n
Po\u010das experimentu sa testovali slne\u010dn\u00e9 panely r\u00f4znych rozmerov. V tabu\u013eke s\u00fa uveden\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty, za ak\u00fd \u010das sa nab\u00edjaj\u00fa bat\u00e9rie r\u00f4znej kapacity pri pou\u017eit\u00ed slne\u010dn\u00fdch panelov r\u00f4znych rozmerov.<\/p>\n
\"Dom\u00e1ci
\n
\nPriemern\u00fd spotrebov\u00e1van\u00fd v\u00fdkon webov\u00e9ho servera po\u010das prv\u00e9ho roka, vr\u00e1tane v\u0161etk\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch str\u00e1t, dosiahol 1,97 W. V\u00fdpo\u010det ukazuje, \u017ee na udr\u017eanie webovej str\u00e1nky po\u010das najkrat\u0161ej noci roka (8 hod\u00edn 50 min\u00fat, 21. j\u00fana) je potrebn\u00fdch 17,40 watt-hod\u00edn kapacity ukladania a po\u010das najdlh\u0161ej noci (14 hod\u00edn 49 min\u00fat, 21. decembra) je potrebn\u00fdch 29,19 Wh.<\/p>\n
\"Dom\u00e1ci
\n
\nKe\u010f\u017ee oloven\u00e9 akumul\u00e1torov\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie by sa nemali vyb\u00edja\u0165 pod polovicu kapacity, server potrebuje bat\u00e9riu s kapacitou 60 Wh, aby pre\u017eil najdlh\u0161iu noc pri optim\u00e1lnom osvetlen\u00ed cez de\u0148 (2\u00d729,19 Wh). V\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu roka syst\u00e9m fungoval s bat\u00e9riou 86,4 Wh a 50-wattov\u00fdm slne\u010dn\u00fdm panelom, pri\u010dom sa dosiahol vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00fd uptime 95-98%.<\/p>\n
Uptime 100%<\/h1>\n
\nNa dosiahnutie uptime 100% je potrebn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 kapacitu bat\u00e9ri\u00ed. Pre kompenz\u00e1ciu jedn\u00e9ho d\u0148a ve\u013emi zl\u00e9ho po\u010dasia (bez v\u00fdznamnej gener\u00e1cie elektrickej energie) je potrebn\u00e9 47,28 watt-hod\u00edn (24 hod\u00edn \u00d7 1,97 watt) \u00falo\u017en\u00e9ho priestoru.<\/p>\n
Od 1. decembra 2019 do 12. janu\u00e1ra 2020 bola do syst\u00e9mu dodan\u00e1 168-wattov\u00e1 bat\u00e9ria, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 praktick\u00fa kapacitu ukladania 84 watthod\u00edn. Tieto \u00falo\u017eisko je dostato\u010dn\u00e9 na podporu prev\u00e1dzky webovej str\u00e1nky po dobu dvoch noc\u00ed a jedn\u00e9ho d\u0148a. Konfigur\u00e1ciu testovali v najtmav\u0161om obdob\u00ed roka, ale po\u010dasie bolo relat\u00edvne dobr\u00e9 \u2014 po\u010das uveden\u00e9ho obdobia bola doba bezchybnej prev\u00e1dzky 100%.<\/p>\n
Ale aby sa zabezpe\u010dilo 100% prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fd \u010das po\u010das nieko\u013ek\u00fdch rokov, bude potrebn\u00e9 zoh\u013eadni\u0165 aj najhor\u0161\u00ed scen\u00e1r, ke\u010f zl\u00e9 po\u010dasie trv\u00e1 nieko\u013eko dn\u00ed. V\u00fdpo\u010dty ukazuj\u00fa: na to, aby webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka zostala online po\u010das \u0161tyroch dn\u00ed s n\u00edzkou alebo nulovou produkciou energie, bude potrebn\u00e1 oloven\u00e1 kyselinov\u00e1 bat\u00e9ria s kapacitou 440 watthod\u00edn, \u010do je ve\u013ekos\u0165 automobilovej bat\u00e9rie.<\/p>\n
V praxi pri dobrom po\u010das\u00ed oloven\u00e1 kyselinov\u00e1 bat\u00e9ria s kapacitou 48 W\u22c5h podpor\u00ed prev\u00e1dzku servera po\u010das noci od marca do septembra. Bat\u00e9ria na 24 W\u22c5h udr\u017e\u00ed server najviac 6 hod\u00edn, teda sa vypne ka\u017ed\u00fa noc, av\u0161ak v r\u00f4znom \u010dase, v z\u00e1vislosti od mesiaca.<\/p>\n
Vo ve\u013ekej miere niektor\u00e9 webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky nemusia fungova\u0165 v noci, ke\u010f je po\u010det n\u00e1v\u0161tevn\u00edkov minim\u00e1lny, tvrdia chlapci z Low-tech Magazine. Napr\u00edklad, ak ide o region\u00e1lny mestsk\u00fd \u010dasopis, kam nechod\u00ed nikto z in\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch p\u00e1siem, iba miestni obyvatelia.<\/p>\n
To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pre webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky s r\u00f4znou n\u00e1v\u0161tevnos\u0165ou a r\u00f4znou dobou prev\u00e1dzky s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 bat\u00e9rie s r\u00f4znou kapacitou a slne\u010dn\u00e9 panely r\u00f4znych rozmerov.<\/p>\n
\"Dom\u00e1ci
\n
\n\"Dom\u00e1ci
\n
\nAutor uv\u00e1dza v\u00fdpo\u010det, ko\u013eko energie je potrebn\u00e9 na v\u00fdrobu<\/i> samotn\u00fdch sol\u00e1rnych panelov (embodied energy) a ko\u013eko z\u00edskame, ak t\u00fato hodnotu del\u00edme o\u010dak\u00e1vanou dobou \u017eivotnosti 10 rokov.<\/p>\n
\"Dom\u00e1ci
\n
\nTieto \u00fadaje umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa vypo\u010d\u00edta\u0165 ekvivalent fos\u00edlnych pal\u00edv, ktor\u00e9 boli vynalo\u017een\u00e9 na v\u00fdrobu a prev\u00e1dzku panelov. Pod\u013ea Low-tech Magazine zistili, \u017ee v prvom roku prev\u00e1dzky ich syst\u00e9m (panel 50 W, bat\u00e9ria 86,4 W\u22c5h) \"vygeneroval\" pribli\u017ene 9 kg emisi\u00ed, \u010do zodpoved\u00e1 spa\u013eovaniu 3 litrov benz\u00ednu: pribli\u017ene to\u013eko, ko\u013eko osobn\u00e9 auto vyprodukuje za 50 km jazdy.<\/p>\n
\"Dom\u00e1ci
\n
\nAk server nie je nap\u00e1jan\u00fd zo slne\u010dn\u00fdch panelov, ale z verejnej energetickej siete, emisie s\u00fa pribli\u017ene \u0161es\u0165kr\u00e1t ni\u017e\u0161ie: 1,54 kg (v \u0161panielskej energetike je vysok\u00fd podiel alternat\u00edvnych zdrojov a jadrov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00ed). To v\u0161ak nie je \u00faplne presn\u00e9 porovnanie, p\u00ed\u0161e autor, preto\u017ee zoh\u013ead\u0148uje embodied energy slne\u010dnej infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, no nezoh\u013ead\u0148uje tento ukazovate\u013e pre verejn\u00fa energetick\u00fa sie\u0165, teda n\u00e1klady na jej v\u00fdstavbu a \u00fadr\u017ebu.<\/p>\n
\u010eal\u0161ie vylep\u0161enia<\/h1>\n
\nV priebehu \u010dasu bolo vykonan\u00fdch nieko\u013eko optimaliz\u00e1ci\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 zn\u00ed\u017eili spotrebu energie servera. Napr\u00edklad, v ur\u010ditom momente v\u00fdvoj\u00e1r zistil, \u017ee 6,63 TB z celkov\u00e9ho objemu 11,15 TB prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9ho toku generuje jedna nefunk\u010dn\u00e1 implement\u00e1cia RSS feedu, ktor\u00e1 na\u010d\u00edtava obsah ka\u017ed\u00fdch nieko\u013eko min\u00fat. Po oprave tejto chyby sa spotreba energie servera (bez zoh\u013eadnenia energetick\u00fdch str\u00e1t) zn\u00ed\u017eila z 1,14 W na pribli\u017ene 0,95 W. Zisk sa m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165 mal\u00fd, no rozdiel 0,19 W predstavuje 4,56 watthod\u00edn za de\u0148, \u010do zodpoved\u00e1 viac ako 2,5 hodin\u00e1m prev\u00e1dzky servera na bat\u00e9riu.<\/p>\n
V priebehu prv\u00e9ho roku dosiahla \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 iba 50%. Straty sa vyskytli pri nab\u00edjan\u00ed a vyb\u00edjan\u00ed bat\u00e9rie (22%) a pri konverzii nap\u00e4tia z 12 V (sol\u00e1rny fotovoltaick\u00fd syst\u00e9m) na 5 V (USB), kde straty dosahuj\u00fa a\u017e 28%. V\u00fdvoj\u00e1r prizn\u00e1va, \u017ee m\u00e1 neoptim\u00e1lny meni\u010d nap\u00e4tia (regul\u00e1tor bez zabudovan\u00e9ho USB), preto je mo\u017en\u00e9 tento aspekt optimalizova\u0165 alebo prejs\u0165 na sol\u00e1rny syst\u00e9m 5V.<\/p>\n
Na zv\u00fd\u0161enie \u00fa\u010dinnosti ukladania energie je mo\u017en\u00e9 nahradi\u0165 oloven\u00e9 akumul\u00e1tory drah\u0161\u00edmi l\u00edtium-i\u00f3nov\u00fdmi bat\u00e9riami, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa men\u0161ie straty pri nab\u00edjan\u00ed\/vyb\u00edjan\u00ed (<10%). Teraz kon\u0161trukt\u00e9r zva\u017euje kompaktn\u00fd syst\u00e9m ukladania elektrickej energie vo forme stla\u010den\u00e9ho vzduchu<\/a><\/noindex> (CAES), ktor\u00fd m\u00e1 \u017eivotnos\u0165 desiatky rokov, \u010do znamen\u00e1 men\u0161iu \"uhl\u00edkov\u00fa stopu\" pri jeho v\u00fdrobe.<\/p>\n
\"Dom\u00e1ci
\nKompaktn\u00fd akumul\u00e1tor energie na stla\u010denom vzduchu, zdroj<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n
zva\u017euje in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu \u010fal\u0161ej vetern\u00e9 turb\u00edny (m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 vyroben\u00e1 z dreva<\/a><\/noindex>) a in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu sol\u00e1rneho sledova\u010da na ot\u00e1\u010danie panelov k slnku. Sledova\u010d umo\u017e\u0148uje zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 v\u00fdrobu elektriny o 30%.<\/p>\n
\"Dom\u00e1ci
\n
\n\u010eal\u0161\u00ed sp\u00f4sob, ako zv\u00fd\u0161i\u0165 efektivitu syst\u00e9mu, je jeho \u0161k\u00e1lovanie. Na serveri mo\u017eno hosti\u0165 viac webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nok a sp\u00fa\u0161\u0165a\u0165 viac serverov. T\u00fdm sa zn\u00ed\u017ei spotreba energie na ka\u017ed\u00fd web.<\/p>\n
\"Dom\u00e1ci
\nSpolo\u010dnos\u0165 sol\u00e1rneho hosting. Ilustr\u00e1cia: Diego Marmolejo<\/i><\/p>\n
Ak pokryjete cel\u00fd balk\u00f3n bytu sol\u00e1rnymi panelmi a otvor\u00edte spolo\u010dnos\u0165 sol\u00e1rneho webhostingu, n\u00e1klady na ka\u017ed\u00e9ho z\u00e1kazn\u00edka bud\u00fa v\u00fdrazne ni\u017e\u0161ie, ne\u017e pri jedinej webovej str\u00e1nke: \u00faspora z rozsahu.<\/p>\n
Celkov\u011b tento experiment demon\u0161truje, \u017ee za ur\u010dit\u00fdch obmedzen\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e1 infra\u0161trukt\u00fara m\u00f4\u017ee celkom dobre fungova\u0165 na obnovite\u013en\u00fdch zdrojoch energie.<\/p>\n
Teoreticky by tak\u00fd server mohol dokonca fungova\u0165 bez bat\u00e9rie, ak by sa jeho v\u00fdkon zrkadlil na in\u00fdch \u010dastiach sveta. Napr\u00edklad, ak by ste umiestnili zrkadl\u00e1 na Novom Z\u00e9lande a v \u010cile. Tam bud\u00fa sol\u00e1rne panely fungova\u0165, ke\u010f je v Barcelone noc.
\n
Zdroj: habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430. \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e: solar.lowtechmagazine.com \u0412 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u0435 2018 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u044d\u043d\u0442\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0438\u0437 Low-tech Magazine \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u00ab\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 self-hosted \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c 24 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0435. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 solar.lowtechmagazine.com, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":40652,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Dom\u00e1ci webov\u00fd server na sol\u00e1rne nap\u00e1janie fungoval 15 mesiacov: dostupnos\u0165 95,26% | ProHoster","description":"","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/domashnij-veb-server-na-solnechnyh-batareyah-otrabotal-15-mesyaczev-aptajm-9526","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sk_SK","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u044f\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b 15 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432: \u0430\u043f\u0442\u0430\u0439\u043c 95,26% | ProHoster","og:url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/domashnij-veb-server-na-solnechnyh-batareyah-otrabotal-15-mesyaczev-aptajm-9526","og:image":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:secure_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg","og:image:width":350,"og:image:height":350,"article:published_time":"2020-02-02T18:02:01+00:00","article:modified_time":"2020-02-02T18:02:01+00:00","article:publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster","article:author":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"40651","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":null,"og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":null,"schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":null,"robots_max_videopreview":null,"robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":null,"local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"reviewed_by":null,"ai":null,"created":"2021-02-28 17:02:44","updated":"2022-09-28 09:01:02","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40651","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40651"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40651\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40651"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40651"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40651"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}