{"id":40723,"date":"2020-02-03T14:42:04","date_gmt":"2020-02-03T11:42:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/blog_prohoster\/professiya-sistemnyj-administrator"},"modified":"2020-02-03T14:42:04","modified_gmt":"2020-02-03T11:42:04","slug":"professiya-sistemnyj-administrator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sk\/blog\/professiya-sistemnyj-administrator","title":{"rendered":"Povolanie: syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Niet \u010dasto od star\u0161\u00edch gener\u00e1ci\u00ed po\u010dujeme magick\u00e9 slov\u00e1 o \u201ejedinom z\u00e1zname v pracovnej kni\u017eke\u201c. A naozaj, stretli sme sa s \u00faplne \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdmi pr\u00edbehmi: z\u00e1mo\u010dn\u00edk \u2014 z\u00e1mo\u010dn\u00edk najvy\u0161\u0161ej kvalifik\u00e1cie \u2014 mistr dielne \u2014 ved\u00faci zmeny \u2014 hlavn\u00fd in\u017einier \u2014 riadite\u013e z\u00e1vodu. To nem\u00f4\u017ee neohromi\u0165 na\u0161u gener\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00e1 men\u00ed pr\u00e1cu raz, dvakr\u00e1t, ba \u010do tam \u2014 niekedy aj p\u00e4\u0165kr\u00e1t, a viac. M\u00e1me mo\u017enos\u0165 nielen meni\u0165 spolo\u010dnos\u0165, m\u00f4\u017eeme meni\u0165 profesiu a dos\u0165 r\u00fdchlo sa v nej osvoji\u0165. Najviac je to pozorovate\u013en\u00e9 v IT oblasti, kde sa vyskytuj\u00fa ve\u013emi bizarn\u00e9 kari\u00e9rne transfery a z\u00e1sadn\u00e9 posuny po kari\u00e9rnom rebr\u00ed\u010dku, vy\u0161\u0161ie aj ni\u017e\u0161ie.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Pozoruj\u00fac tento proces, sme pochopili, \u017ee pr\u00edru\u010dka profesi\u00ed je \u017eiadan\u00e1 nielen \u0161tudentmi, ktor\u00ed si vyberaj\u00fa vysok\u00fa \u0161kolu, ale aj dospel\u00fdmi, ktor\u00ed si vyberaj\u00fa cestu. Preto sme sa rozhodli poveda\u0165 o hlavn\u00fdch \u0161pecializ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa \u017eiadan\u00e9 v IT oblasti. Za\u010dneme s tou, ktor\u00e1 je n\u00e1m najbli\u017e\u0161ie \u2014 syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/486204\/\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Povolanie: syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/63eb779ecfaa492875847cb33e7df1b7.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<i>V\u0161etko tak<\/i><br \/>\n<noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" name=\"habracut\"><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n<h2>Kto to je?<\/h2>\n<p>\nSyst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor je odborn\u00edk, ktor\u00fd sa zaober\u00e1 nastaven\u00edm, zlep\u0161ovan\u00edm a podporou IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary spolo\u010dnosti, vr\u00e1tane hardv\u00e9ru, perif\u00e9rie, softv\u00e9ru a sie\u0165ov\u00fdch pripojen\u00ed. Pravda, ve\u013emi form\u00e1lne defin\u00edcia?<\/p>\n<p>To, \u010d\u00edm sa zaober\u00e1 syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor, z\u00e1vis\u00ed od ve\u013ekosti spolo\u010dnosti, odvetvia, sk\u00fasenost\u00ed a zru\u010dnost\u00ed samotn\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora. Namiesto toho, aby sme dali defin\u00edciu, lep\u0161ie zd\u00f4razn\u00edme konkr\u00e9tne typy sysadminov.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Enikej \u2014 za\u010diato\u010dn\u00edk syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor, ktor\u00fd vykon\u00e1va z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 funkcie nastavenia hardv\u00e9ru a softv\u00e9ru. Zvy\u010dajne asistent star\u0161ieho administr\u00e1tora alebo administr\u00e1tor v malej neIT spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00fd rie\u0161i aktu\u00e1lne incidenty.<\/li>\n<li>Syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor (tie\u017e naz\u00fdvan\u00fd true admin) \u2014 odborn\u00edk \u0161irok\u00e9ho profilu, ktor\u00fd zodpoved\u00e1 za stabiln\u00e9 a bezporuchov\u00e9 fungovanie IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, vykon\u00e1va monitoring, rob\u00ed inventariz\u00e1ciu, zodpoved\u00e1 za bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, zaober\u00e1 sa sie\u0165ami at\u010f. Je to mnohoruk\u00fd a mnohavo\u013en\u00fd boh IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary, ktor\u00fd preber\u00e1 zodpovednos\u0165 za zabezpe\u010denie celej IT \u010dinnosti spolo\u010dnosti. Vyskytuje sa prakticky vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch spolo\u010dnostiach.<\/li>\n<li>Syst\u00e9mov\u00fd architekt-in\u017einier je odborn\u00edk, ktor\u00fd navrhuje IT infra\u0161trukt\u00faru a architekt\u00faru siete vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch korpor\u00e1ci\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li>Sie\u0165ov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor je odborn\u00edk, ktor\u00fd sa zaober\u00e1 nastaven\u00edm a rozvojom fyzick\u00fdch a logick\u00fdch siet\u00ed v spolo\u010dnosti, ako aj spr\u00e1vou syst\u00e9mov faktur\u00e1cie, \u00fa\u010dtovania a kontroly prev\u00e1dzky. Je \u017eiadan\u00fd v d\u00e1tov\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch, telekomunik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch, bank\u00e1ch a korpor\u00e1ci\u00e1ch.<\/li>\n<li>In\u017einier informa\u010dnej bezpe\u010dnosti je odborn\u00edk, ktor\u00fd zabezpe\u010duje bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary na v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u00farovniach. Je \u017eiadan\u00fd v spolo\u010dnostiach citliv\u00fdch na \u00fatoky a prenikanie do siete (t.j. fintech, banky, priemysel a in\u00e9).\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nAk ste sa teda rozhodli sta\u0165 syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm administr\u00e1torom, je lep\u0161ie si hne\u010f napl\u00e1nova\u0165, ktor\u00fdm smerom sa budete rozv\u00edja\u0165, preto\u017ee na poz\u00edcii helpdeskov\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edka sa neu\u017eiv\u00edte a \u0165a\u017eko si vybudujete kari\u00e9ru.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Povolanie: syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/f8b7725e5f18c02e07173e6fd93bc362.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/p>\n<h2>Kde je to potrebn\u00e9?<\/h2>\n<p>\nPovedal by som, \u017ee v\u0161ade, ale to by bola lo\u017e. Z nejak\u00e9ho d\u00f4vodu mana\u017e\u00e9ri mal\u00e9ho a stredn\u00e9ho podnikania si myslia, \u017ee v\u0161etko sa d\u00e1 \"napcha\u0165\" do cloudu a syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 len do\u010dasn\u00fd helpdeskov\u00fd pracovn\u00edk. Preto firmy \u010dasto trpia nekvalitnou IT infra\u0161trukt\u00farou (presnej\u0161ie, IT chaosom), ale syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora nenavrhn\u00fa. Ak sa v\u00e1m podar\u00ed dosta\u0165 do takejto spolo\u010dnosti, v 99 % pr\u00edpadov treba pr\u00e1cu v spolo\u010dnosti pova\u017eova\u0165 za sk\u00fasenos\u0165 a posun\u00fa\u0165 sa \u010falej, a len v 1 % pr\u00edpadov sa podar\u00ed presved\u010di\u0165 \u0161\u00e9fa, sta\u0165 sa nepostr\u00e1date\u013en\u00fdm a vybudova\u0165 ide\u00e1lne IT prostredie s premyslenou architekt\u00farou a efekt\u00edvnym riaden\u00edm (presne na z\u00e1klade re\u00e1lneho pr\u00edkladu to opisujem!).\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Naopak, vo firm\u00e1ch, kde je IT k\u013e\u00fa\u010dovou oblast\u00ed \u010dinnosti (hostingy, v\u00fdvoj\u00e1ri a in\u00e9) alebo ktor\u00e1 zabezpe\u010duje opera\u010dn\u00fa pr\u00e1cu (dopravy, internetov\u00e9 obchody, banky, maloobchod a in\u00e9), sa syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor okam\u017eite st\u00e1va \u017eiadan\u00fdm odborn\u00edkom, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee rozv\u00edja\u0165 svoje schopnosti v jednom alebo viacer\u00fdch smeroch. Ke\u010f\u017ee automatiz\u00e1cia na\u010falej prenik\u00e1 do spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, n\u00e1js\u0165 pr\u00e1cu ako syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor na za\u010dato\u010dn\u00edckej a strednej \u00farovni nebude ve\u013ek\u00fd probl\u00e9m. A ke\u010f sa stanete sk\u00fasenej\u0161\u00edm odborn\u00edkom, spolo\u010dnosti sa za v\u00e1s bud\u00fa bi\u0165, preto\u017ee helpdeskov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edkov je ve\u013ea, ale profesion\u00e1lov, ako v\u0161ade, je ve\u013emi m\u00e1lo.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>V \u010dase p\u00edsania \u010dl\u00e1nku <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/career.habr.com\/vacancies?divisions%5B%5D=administration&amp;currency=rur\">na slu\u017ebe \u201eHabr Kariera\u201c 67 pracovn\u00fdch pon\u00fak<\/a><\/noindex>, s\u00favisiacich so syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm administrat\u00edvo. A vy m\u00f4\u017eete vidie\u0165, \u017ee rozptyl \u201e\u0161pecializ\u00e1ci\u00ed\u201c je \u0161irok\u00fd: od pracovn\u00edka technickej podpory po odborn\u00edka na informa\u010dn\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a DevOps. Mimochodom, pr\u00e1ca v technickej podpore na za\u010diatku ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo, kvalitne a hlboko rozv\u00edja rad zru\u010dnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa cenn\u00e9 pre syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora.<\/p>\n<h2>Priemern\u00fd plat<\/h2>\n<p>\nPlat sa op\u00e4\u0165 pozrieme na <noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/career.habr.com\/salaries\">\u201eHabr Kari\u00e9re\u201c<\/a><\/noindex>.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Vzali sme priemern\u00fd plat bez predpokladania zru\u010dnost\u00ed pre \u201eSyst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora\u201c a pre \u201eDevOps\u201c na z\u00e1klade \u00fadajov za 2. polrok 2019. Toto s\u00fa najpopul\u00e1rnej\u0161ie \u0161pecializ\u00e1cie v sekcii \u201eAdministr\u00e1cia\u201c a najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie. Porovnajme.<\/p>\n<p>\u00darove\u0148 \u0161pecialistu<\/p>\n<p>Syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor<\/p>\n<p>DevOps<\/p>\n<p>st\u00e1\u017eista (intern)<\/p>\n<p>25 900 rub.<\/p>\n<p>\u017eiadni st\u00e1\u017eisti<\/p>\n<p>junior (mlad\u0161\u00ed)<\/p>\n<p>32 560 rub.<\/p>\n<p>69 130 rub.<\/p>\n<p>middle (stredn\u00fd)<\/p>\n<p>58 822 rub.<\/p>\n<p>112 756 rub.<\/p>\n<p>senior (star\u0161\u00ed)<\/p>\n<p>82 710 rub.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>146 445 rub.<\/p>\n<p>lead (ved\u00faci)<\/p>\n<p>86 507 rub.<\/p>\n<p>197 561 rub.<\/p>\n<p>\u010c\u00edsla s\u00fa samozrejme uv\u00e1dzan\u00e9 s oh\u013eadom na Moskvu, v regi\u00f3noch je situ\u00e1cia skromnej\u0161ia, ale proporcie s\u00fa pribli\u017ene rovnak\u00e9. A zd\u00e1 sa mi spravodliv\u00e9, \u017ee tak\u00fdto rozdiel existuje, preto\u017ee DevOps s\u00fa naozaj pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed z poh\u013eadu zru\u010dnost\u00ed (ak hovor\u00edme o klasick\u00fdch devopsoch, a nie o t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed maj\u00fa len n\u00e1zov).<\/p>\n<p>Jedna vec, ktor\u00fa by som ur\u010dite nedoporu\u010dil, je zamestn\u00e1va\u0165 junior devopov hne\u010f po \u0161kole. Chlapci teoretici, ktor\u00ed nepoznali ani dev, ani ops, na za\u010diatku vyzeraj\u00fa celkom priemerne, slab\u0161ie sa rozv\u00edjaj\u00fa z d\u00f4vodu neporozumenia tomu, kam sa pohn\u00fa\u0165, a ur\u010dite nestoja ur\u010den\u00e9 peniaze. Na \u00fazkych \u0161pecializ\u00e1ci\u00e1ch by mali by\u0165 sk\u00fasenej\u0161\u00ed administr\u00e1tori, ktor\u00ed pre\u0161li oh\u0148om, vodou, medi\u00e1lnymi r\u00farami, bashom a skriptami PowerShell.\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky na profesion\u00e1la<\/h2>\n<p>\nPo\u017eiadavky na syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora sa l\u00ed\u0161ia od spolo\u010dnosti k spolo\u010dnosti (niekto potrebuje ovl\u00e1danie 1C, 1C-Bitrix, Kubernetes, ur\u010dit\u00e9ho DBMS at\u010f.), ale existuje nieko\u013eko z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch po\u017eiadaviek, ktor\u00e9 pravdepodobne bud\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 v ka\u017edej spolo\u010dnosti.\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Poznanie a porozumenie modelu OSI, z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm protokolom.<\/li>\n<li>Administr\u00e1cia opera\u010dn\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu Windows a\/alebo Unix, vr\u00e1tane skupinov\u00fdch polit\u00edk, spr\u00e1vy bezpe\u010dnosti, vytv\u00e1rania pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, vzdialen\u00e9ho pr\u00edstupu, pr\u00e1ce s pr\u00edkazov\u00fdm riadkom a mnoh\u00e9ho in\u00e9ho.<\/li>\n<li>Skripting v bash, PowerShell, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje automatizova\u0165 a optimalizova\u0165 rutinn\u00e9 \u00falohy syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Oprava a \u00fadr\u017eba PC, serverov\u00e9ho vybavenia a perif\u00e9ri\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u00e1ca s nastaven\u00edm a smerovan\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch siet\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Pr\u00e1ca s po\u0161tov\u00fdmi servermi a servermi telefonovania.<\/li>\n<li>In\u0161tal\u00e1cia kancel\u00e1rskych programov a aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Sie\u0165ov\u00fd a infra\u0161trukt\u00farny monitoring.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nToto je z\u00e1klad, ktor\u00fd je potrebn\u00e9 zvl\u00e1dnu\u0165 na dobrej, istej \u00farovni. A nie je to tak\u00e9 jednoduch\u00e9, ako sa zd\u00e1: za ka\u017ed\u00fdm bodom stoj\u00ed mno\u017estvo f\u00edg\u013eov, tajomstiev majstrovstva, potrebn\u00fdch softv\u00e9rov\u00fdch n\u00e1strojov, in\u0161trukci\u00ed a manu\u00e1lov. Pr\u00e1cou na samo\u0161t\u00fadiu pri plnej zamestnanosti by ste mali po\u010d\u00edta\u0165 minim\u00e1lne na rok.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Povolanie: syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/3ccce68de58c3844296f07bf46085fa5.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>A\u017e sa nau\u010d\u00edte, budete rozumie\u0165 tejto vtipe.<\/i><\/p>\n<h2>D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 osobn\u00e9 vlastnosti<\/h2>\n<p>\nSyst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor je odborn\u00edk, ktor\u00fd nem\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 izolovan\u00fd vo firme a profesijnom prostred\u00ed. Neust\u00e1le mus\u00ed komunikova\u0165 s \u013eu\u010fmi po telef\u00f3ne a osobne, tak\u017ee introvertn\u00e9 \u010drty bude musie\u0165 prekona\u0165. Sysadmin by mal by\u0165:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>odoln\u00fd vo\u010di stresu \u2014 aby zvl\u00e1dol neadekv\u00e1tne spr\u00e1vanie pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eov, obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo pr\u00e1ce a komunik\u00e1ciu s veden\u00edm;<\/li>\n<li>multitaskingov\u00fd \u2014 spravidla spr\u00e1va IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary zah\u0155\u0148a akt\u00edvnu pr\u00e1cu s r\u00f4znymi prostriedkami, s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 rie\u0161enie viacer\u00fdch \u00faloh, rie\u0161enie nieko\u013ek\u00fdch incidentov naraz;<\/li>\n<li>schopn\u00fd riadi\u0165 \u010das \u2014 len pr\u00edsne pl\u00e1novanie zachr\u00e1ni pred zlyhaniami, zme\u0161kanou pr\u00e1cou a term\u00ednmi \u00faloh;<\/li>\n<li>komunikat\u00edvny \u2014 schopn\u00fd po\u010d\u00fava\u0165, analyzova\u0165 a ch\u00e1pa\u0165, \u010do chc\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edvatelia poveda\u0165 (niekedy toto je naozaj ve\u013emi, ve\u013emi zlo\u017eit\u00e9);<\/li>\n<li>technicky mysliaci \u2014 bohu\u017eia\u013e, bez schopnosti myslie\u0165 in\u017einiersky, systematicky a algoritmicky, sa v syst\u00e9movom administrat\u00edvnom prostred\u00ed rob\u00ed \u0165a\u017eko.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>Nezbytnos\u0165 znalosti cudz\u00edch jazykov<\/h2>\n<p>\nAk spolo\u010dnos\u0165 kladie po\u017eiadavky na znalos\u0165 jazykov a t\u00fdkaj\u00fa sa odborn\u00edkov, syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor by mal sp\u013a\u0148a\u0165 tieto po\u017eiadavky (napr\u00edklad ak spolo\u010dnos\u0165 poskytuje outsourcingov\u00e9 slu\u017eby pre zahrani\u010dn\u00e9 firmy). Ale vo v\u0161eobecnosti by mal syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor rozumie\u0165 z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm pr\u00edkazom a syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm spr\u00e1vam v anglickom jazyku \u2014 pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu je to dostato\u010dn\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Av\u0161ak ak chcete r\u00e1s\u0165 vo svojej kari\u00e9re, z\u00edska\u0165 medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e9 certifik\u00e1ty, vr\u00e1tane Cisco, a by\u0165 prv\u00fd v nov\u00fdch technol\u00f3giach, potrebujete angli\u010dtinu na \u00farovni aspo\u0148 Upper Intermediate. Ve\u013emi odpor\u00fa\u010dam, aby ste investovali do svojho profesion\u00e1lneho rozvoja, nie je to \u017eiadna fant\u00e1zia, je to celkom realistick\u00e9 aj bez jazykov\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<h2>Kde sa u\u010di\u0165<\/h2>\n<p>\nPovolanie syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora je zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 t\u00fdm, \u017ee na jeho zvl\u00e1dnutie nie s\u00fa \u0161pecifick\u00e9 po\u017eiadavky na vzdelanie, preto\u017ee syst\u00e9mov\u00ed administr\u00e1tori sa na \u0161peci\u00e1lnych fakult\u00e1ch u\u010dia len okrajovo. V\u0161etko z\u00e1vis\u00ed od v\u00e1s \u2014 od toho, ako ste ochotn\u00ed samostatne sa u\u010di\u0165 te\u00f3riu a venova\u0165 sa praxi, pracova\u0165 s opera\u010dn\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami (Windows a Unix), perif\u00e9riami a bezpe\u010dnos\u0165ou. V podstate by sa v\u00e1\u0161 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d mal sta\u0165 va\u0161ou u\u010debnou laborat\u00f3riou (a e\u0161te lep\u0161ie, ak m\u00e1te samostatn\u00fd stroj na tieto \u00falohy, aby to nezasahovalo do hlavnej pr\u00e1ce a \u0161t\u00fadia).<\/p>\n<p>Poveda\u0165, \u017ee syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor je profesia bez vzdelania a z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165 samoukov, je v dne\u0161nej dobe jednoducho zlo\u010din, preto\u017ee vid\u00edme \u00farove\u0148 dobre platen\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1torov. A to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee existuje z\u00e1kladn\u00e1 \"klasick\u00e1\" sada, ktor\u00fa budete potrebova\u0165.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 vzdelanie, najlep\u0161ie technick\u00e9, v\u00e1m poskytne porozumenie z\u00e1kladom algoritmick\u00e9ho myslenia, in\u017einierstva, elektroniky a pod. To podstatne u\u013eah\u010d\u00ed pochopenie povolania a ur\u00fdchli jeho osvojenie. Okrem toho netreba zab\u00fada\u0165, \u017ee pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu slovensk\u00fdch zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eov je diplom na\u010falej d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd dokument pri prij\u00edman\u00ed do zamestnania.<\/li>\n<li>Jeden alebo nieko\u013eko certifik\u00e1tov Cisco v\u00fdrazne zlep\u0161\u00ed va\u0161e zru\u010dnosti a sprav\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161 \u017eivotopis konkurencieschopn\u00fdm. Napr\u00edklad Cisco Certified Entry Network Technician (CCENT) \u2014 prv\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 in\u017einiera\u2013technika sie\u0165ov\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed Cisco alebo Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA) Routing and Switching \u2014 jeden z z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch certifik\u00e1tov na za\u010diatku. S Cisco sa stretnete prakticky v ka\u017edej spolo\u010dnosti, najm\u00e4 vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch. V ka\u017edom pr\u00edpade je t\u00e1to profesion\u00e1lna certifik\u00e1cia v podstate zlat\u00fdm \u0161tandardom v oblasti sie\u0165ovej pr\u00e1ce. N\u00e1sledne m\u00f4\u017eete \"z\u00edska\u0165\" \u010fal\u0161ie \u00farovne, ale, po tajne poviem, u\u017e na n\u00e1klady zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea \ud83d\ude09<\/li>\n<li>V z\u00e1vislosti od odborn\u00e9ho profilu m\u00f4\u017eete z\u00edska\u0165 pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 certifik\u00e1ty v oblasti opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov, bezpe\u010dnosti, siet\u00ed a pod. Tieto dokumenty s\u00fa na trhu pr\u00e1ce ve\u013emi cenn\u00e9 a pod\u013ea vlastn\u00fdch sk\u00fasenost\u00ed m\u00f4\u017eem poveda\u0165, \u017ee po\u010das pr\u00edpravy na sk\u00fa\u0161ky sa skuto\u010dne prehlbujete do t\u00e9my. Ak sa neza\u010dnete u\u010di\u0165 s\u00e1m a obmedz\u00edte sa iba na tr\u00e9ningy kurzov, zlo\u017ei\u0165 sk\u00fa\u0161ku je prakticky nemo\u017en\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li>Existuje e\u0161te jeden sp\u00f4sob vzdel\u00e1vania \u2014 komplexn\u00e9 kurzy syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1torov Windows a Unix. Samozrejme, ve\u013ea z\u00e1vis\u00ed od pedag\u00f3ga a z\u00e1kladnej organiz\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e1 kurz vedie, ale kvalita kurzu v\u00e1s m\u00f4\u017ee sklama\u0165 na 100%. Medzit\u00fdm, pri \u0161\u0165astnej zhode okolnost\u00ed, tak\u00fd kurz skvele systematizuje vedomosti a usporiada ich. Ak sa rozhodnete z\u00edska\u0165 tak\u00e9to dodato\u010dn\u00e9 vzdelanie, vyberte si nie vysok\u00fa \u0161kolu, ale firemn\u00fa univerzitu, kde predn\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa skuto\u010dn\u00ed, akt\u00edvni odborn\u00edci, nie teoretici z 90. rokov.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSyst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor je profesia, ktor\u00e1 si vy\u017eaduje neust\u00e1le vzdel\u00e1vanie v nov\u00fdch technol\u00f3giach, prostriedkoch ochrany, syst\u00e9moch spr\u00e1vy IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary a pod. Bez nepretr\u017eit\u00e9ho ponorenia sa do nov\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov r\u00fdchlo strat\u00edte svoju kvalifik\u00e1ciu a hodnotu na trhu.<\/p>\n<p>Nem\u00f4\u017eete ob\u00eds\u0165 z\u00e1klady a sta\u0165 sa skvel\u00fdm odborn\u00edkom \u2014 bez znalosti architekt\u00fary PC, servera, porozumenia princ\u00edpom fungovania aplika\u010dn\u00e9ho a syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho softv\u00e9ru, opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov to nep\u00f4jde. Preto je pre syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1torov aktu\u00e1lny v\u00fdrok \u201eza\u010d\u00ednajte od za\u010diatku\u201c.<\/p>\n<h2>Najlep\u0161ie knihy a prostriedky vzdel\u00e1vania<\/h2>\n<p><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Klasikou je Andrew Tanenbaum: \u201eArchitekt\u00fara po\u010d\u00edta\u010da\u201c, \u201ePo\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 siete\u201c, \u201eModern\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my\u201c. Toto s\u00fa tri hrub\u00e9 knihy, ktor\u00e9 v\u0161ak pre\u017eili nieko\u013eko vydan\u00ed, ve\u013emi dobre sa \u010d\u00edtaj\u00fa a s\u00fa ch\u00e1pan\u00e9. Navy\u0161e, u niektor\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1torov sa l\u00e1ska k pr\u00e1ci za\u010d\u00edna pr\u00e1ve s t\u00fdmito knihami.<\/li>\n<li>T. Limoncelli, K. Hogan \u201ePraktick\u00e9 syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 a sie\u0165ov\u00e9 administrat\u00edvne postupy\u201c - \u00fa\u017easn\u00e1 \"mozgov\u00e1\" kniha na systematiz\u00e1ciu vedomost\u00ed u\u017e sk\u00fasen\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora. V skuto\u010dnosti m\u00e1 Limoncelli mno\u017estvo dobr\u00fdch kn\u00edh pre syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1torov.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>R. Pike, B. Kernighan \u201eUnix. Programov\u00e9 prostredie\u201c a in\u00e9 knihy od Kernighana.<\/li>\n<li>Noah Gift \u00abPython v syst\u00e9me administr\u00e1cie UNIX a Linux\u00bb \u2013 skvel\u00e1 kniha pre fan\u00fa\u0161ikov automatiz\u00e1cie administrat\u00edvnych pr\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\nOkrem kn\u00edh v\u00e1m pr\u00eddu vhod manu\u00e1ly v\u00fdrobcov, vstavan\u00e9 n\u00e1povedy opera\u010dn\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov a aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed, pokyny a predpisy \u2013 zvy\u010dajne v nich \u013eahko n\u00e1jdete v\u0161etky potrebn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie. A \u00e1no, mnohokr\u00e1t s\u00fa v angli\u010dtine a ich lokaliz\u00e1cia do ru\u0161tiny nie je ve\u013emi kvalitn\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>A samozrejme, Habr a \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 f\u00f3ra \u2013 skvel\u00e1 podpora pre sysadminov v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00ed. Ke\u010f som sa musel u\u010di\u0165 vedu Windows Server 2012, Habr bol silnou podporou \u2013 vtedy sme sa spoznali e\u0161te lep\u0161ie.<\/p>\n<h2>Bud\u00facnos\u0165 sysadmina<\/h2>\n<p>\nPo\u010dul som o degrad\u00e1cii profesie syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora a argumenty pre tento n\u00e1zor s\u00fa viac ne\u017e slab\u00e9: poradia si roboty, cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby zaru\u010duj\u00fa pr\u00e1cu bez sysadmina a tak \u010falej. Ot\u00e1zka, kto administruje cloudov\u00e9 slu\u017eby, napr\u00edklad na strane poskytovate\u013ea, zost\u00e1va otvoren\u00e1. V skuto\u010dnosti sa profesia syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora nedegraduje, ale transformuje na komplexnej\u0161iu a univerz\u00e1lnej\u0161iu. Preto, ak ste si vybrali pr\u00e1ve t\u00fato cestu, otv\u00e1ra sa pred vami nieko\u013eko mo\u017enost\u00ed.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>DevOps alebo DevSecOps \u2013 \u0161pecializ\u00e1cia na hranici v\u00fdvoja, administr\u00e1cie a bezpe\u010dnosti. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti sa pozornos\u0165 na DevOps len zvy\u0161uje a tento trend bude pokra\u010dova\u0165 vpred, roz\u0161iruj\u00fac sa smerom k kontajneriz\u00e1cii, za\u0165a\u017een\u00fdm aplik\u00e1ci\u00e1m a syst\u00e9mom, mikroslu\u017ebovej architekt\u00fare a tak \u010falej. \u0160tudujte to v\u0161etko, k\u00fdm to vyzer\u00e1 ako najprioritnej\u0161ia bud\u00facnos\u0165.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Informa\u010dn\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 \u2013 \u010fal\u0161ia oblas\u0165 rozvoja. Ak kedysi pracovali infobezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed odborn\u00edci len v telekomunik\u00e1ci\u00e1ch a bank\u00e1ch, dnes s\u00fa potrebn\u00ed prakticky v ka\u017edej IT spolo\u010dnosti. Tento sektor nie je jednoduch\u00fd, vy\u017eaduje znalosti v oblasti v\u00fdvoja, syst\u00e9mov hackovania a ochrany \u2013 je to ove\u013ea hlb\u0161ie, ako len nain\u0161talova\u0165 antiv\u00edrus a nastavi\u0165 firewall. A mimochodom, pre infobezpe\u010dnos\u0165 existuj\u00fa samostatn\u00e9 \u0161pecializ\u00e1cie na vysok\u00fdch \u0161kol\u00e1ch, tak\u017ee ak ste na za\u010diatku cesty, m\u00f4\u017eete sa rovno prihl\u00e1si\u0165 na vybran\u00fd odbor, a ak ste \u201estar\u00fd harcovn\u00edk\u201c, m\u00f4\u017eete zv\u00e1\u017ei\u0165 magistersk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadium na preh\u013abenie vedomost\u00ed a zisk diplomu.<\/li>\n<li>CTO, CIO \u2013 ved\u00face poz\u00edcie v IT oblasti alebo IT oddeleniach firiem. Skvel\u00e1 cesta pre t\u00fdch, ktor\u00ed okrem syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho myslenia a l\u00e1sky k technol\u00f3giam maj\u00fa aj mana\u017e\u00e9rske a finan\u010dn\u00e9 schopnosti. Budete riadi\u0165 cel\u00fa IT infra\u0161trukt\u00faru, realizova\u0165 zlo\u017eit\u00fa implement\u00e1ciu a budova\u0165 architekt\u00fary pre podnikanie, a to, samozrejme, je ve\u013emi dobre platen\u00e9. Av\u0161ak, ako ukazuje prax, CTO\/CIO vo ve\u013ekej spolo\u010dnosti je aj schopnos\u0165 dohadova\u0165 sa, vysvet\u013eova\u0165, od\u00f4vod\u0148ova\u0165 a presadzova\u0165 rozpo\u010dty, a to so sebou nesie obrovsk\u00e9 nervy a zodpovednos\u0165.<\/li>\n<li>Otvor svoju firmu. Napr\u00edklad sa zaobera\u0165 syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm administrat\u00edvnym a podporn\u00fdm servisom pre spolo\u010dnosti ako outsourcing. Potom si m\u00f4\u017eete sami pl\u00e1nova\u0165 svoj \u010das, pl\u00e1nova\u0165 ziskovos\u0165 a zamestnanos\u0165, poskytova\u0165 slu\u017eby, ktor\u00e9 rob\u00edte obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 dobre. Ale to nie je jednoduch\u00e1 cesta ako z h\u013eadiska z\u00edskavania a udr\u017eiavania z\u00e1kazn\u00edckej z\u00e1kladne, tak z h\u013eadiska riadenia, financi\u00ed a pr\u00e1va.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nSamozrejme, m\u00f4\u017eete sa pusti\u0165 aj do telekomunik\u00e1ci\u00ed, do v\u00fdvoja, do predajcov technicky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch produktov (mimochodom, to je drah\u00e1 mo\u017enos\u0165!), a do marketingu \u2013 v\u0161etko z\u00e1vis\u00ed od va\u0161ich osobn\u00fdch sklonov a porozumenia \u0161pecializ\u00e1cii. Ale m\u00f4\u017eete osta\u0165 skvel\u00fdm administr\u00e1torom a zar\u00e1ba\u0165 viac ako v\u0161etci uveden\u00ed vo svojom odvetv\u00ed. Na to sa v\u0161ak musia zhodova\u0165 va\u0161a t\u00fa\u017eba, sk\u00fasenosti a ch\u00e1panie vedenia va\u0161ej firmy o v\u00fdzname IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary (a to u\u017e je naozaj ve\u013ek\u00e1 rarita).\u00a0<\/p>\n<h2>M\u00fdty profese<\/h2>\n<p>\nRovnako ako ka\u017ed\u00e9 povolanie, aj syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 administrat\u00edvne pr\u00e1ce s\u00fa obklopen\u00e9 m\u00fdtmi. R\u00e1d rozpt\u00fdlim najbe\u017enej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Administr\u00e1tori s\u00fa pracovn\u00ed profesia. Nie, je to intelektu\u00e1lna, zlo\u017eit\u00e1 pr\u00e1ca s mnoh\u00fdmi \u00falohami a n\u00e1rokmi, preto\u017ee v modernom svete IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fara znamen\u00e1 pr\u00edli\u0161 ve\u013ea v ka\u017edej spolo\u010dnosti.<\/li>\n<li>Administr\u00e1tori s\u00fa zl\u00ed. Nie, s\u00fa priemern\u00ed \u2013 pod\u013ea charakteru \u010dloveka, ktor\u00fd t\u00fato profesiu zast\u00e1va. Ale naozaj ich roz\u010du\u013euj\u00fa pou\u017e\u00edvatelia, ktor\u00ed nedok\u00e1\u017eu presne pop\u00edsa\u0165 probl\u00e9m alebo, \u010do je hor\u0161ie, pova\u017euj\u00fa sa takmer za hackerov a predt\u00fdm, ako zavolaj\u00fa o pomoc, e\u0161te viac zhor\u0161uj\u00fa probl\u00e9m.\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Povolanie: syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/0b2645440f2e449cd821dfa7181c0476.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><br \/>\n<i>Nie zl\u00ed, ale nebezpe\u010dn\u00ed!<\/i><\/li>\n<li>Syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm administr\u00e1torom nie je potrebn\u00e9 vzdelanie. Ak nechcete cel\u00fd \u017eivot \"opravi\u0165 primusy\" a robi\u0165 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 \u00fakony ako in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu antiv\u00edrusu a in\u00fdch programov, je potrebn\u00e9 sa pravidelne u\u010di\u0165, a to ako samostatne, tak aj na profesion\u00e1lnych certifikovan\u00fdch kurzoch. Vysoko\u0161kolsk\u00e9 vzdelanie m\u00f4\u017ee ur\u00fdchli\u0165 proces samou\u010denia a ch\u00e1pania zlo\u017eit\u00fdch technick\u00fdch inform\u00e1ci\u00ed.\u00a0<\/li>\n<li>Syst\u00e9mov\u00ed administr\u00e1tori s\u00fa leniv\u00ed. O, to je m\u00f4j najob\u013e\u00fabenej\u0161\u00ed m\u00fdtus! Dobr\u00fd syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor pracuje s softv\u00e9rov\u00fdmi prostriedkami na spr\u00e1vu IT infra\u0161trukt\u00fary a udr\u017euje cel\u00fd syst\u00e9m v poriadku. To zaber\u00e1 obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estvo \u010dasu a \u010dasto si vy\u017eaduje nad\u010dasy, ale navonok sa m\u00f4\u017ee zda\u0165, \u017ee administr\u00e1tor jednoducho sed\u00ed pri PC, rovnako ako v\u0161etci ostatn\u00ed. Z poh\u013eadu laikov to vyzer\u00e1 chaoticky: administr\u00e1tor by mal by\u0165 obklopen\u00fd k\u00e1blami a beha\u0165 s krimperom a striha\u010dom v ruke. Hl\u00fapos\u0165, skr\u00e1tka. Aj ke\u010f nikto nie je bez ch\u00fdb \u2014 ale leniv\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora okam\u017eite poc\u00edtite na vlastnej ko\u017ei.<\/li>\n<li>Syst\u00e9mov\u00ed administr\u00e1tori s\u00fa neupraven\u00ed, nosia vo\u013en\u00e9 sveter a maj\u00fa bradu. Vzh\u013ead syst\u00e9mov\u00e9ho administr\u00e1tora nie je ur\u010den\u00fd \u017eiadnymi \u0161tandardmi a z\u00e1vis\u00ed v\u00fdlu\u010dne od jeho osobn\u00fdch preferenci\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\nExistuje v\u0161ak ur\u010dit\u00fd podiel vtipu v ka\u017edom vtipe a celkovo s\u00fa syst\u00e9mov\u00ed administr\u00e1tori farebn\u00e9, zauj\u00edmav\u00e9 postavy so svojr\u00e1znym sp\u00f4sobom komunik\u00e1cie. S nimi sa v\u017edy d\u00e1 n\u00e1js\u0165 spolo\u010dn\u00e1 re\u010d.<\/p>\n<h2>Hlavn\u00e1 rada<\/h2>\n<p>\nZ\u00e1zraky sa nedej\u00fa a nestanete sa super syst\u00e9mov\u00fdm administr\u00e1torom, ak budete sedie\u0165 v malej firme a vykon\u00e1va\u0165 z\u00e1kladn\u00fa pr\u00e1cu. Nevyhnutne vyhor\u00edte, sklamete sa v profesii a budete tvrdi\u0165, \u017ee je to najhor\u0161ia pr\u00e1ca na svete. Preto \u2014 rozv\u00edjajte sa, men\u0161ie pr\u00e1cu, nevyh\u00fdbajte sa zauj\u00edmav\u00fdm a n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdm \u00faloh\u00e1m \u2014 a ani si nev\u0161imnete, ako sa stanete naozaj vyh\u013ead\u00e1van\u00fdm a vysoko platen\u00fdm profesion\u00e1lom.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><b>P.S.:<\/b> v koment\u00e1roch ako v\u017edy o\u010dak\u00e1vame rady od sk\u00fasen\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch administr\u00e1torov a pr\u00edbehy o tom, \u010do v\u00e1m pomohlo v kari\u00e9re, ako ste sa dostali k tejto pr\u00e1ci, \u010do milujete na nej a \u010do nie. Ako to je, syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 administrovanie v roku 2020?<\/p>\n<p><noindex><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/ruvds.com\/ru-rub\/#order\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Povolanie: syst\u00e9mov\u00fd administr\u00e1tor\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/98f515cd3ee1bc84d2d960e9d3c316b4.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/a><\/noindex><br \/>\n<br \/>Zdroj: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/company\/ruvds\/blog\/486204\/\">habr.com<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u044b \u0441\u043b\u044b\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043e \u00ab\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0435\u00bb. \u0418 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438: \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044c \u2014 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0440\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u2014 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0446\u0435\u0445\u0430 \u2014 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u2014 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u2014 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437, \u0434\u0432\u0430, \u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043c \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":40724,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40723","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.5 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" 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